Digestibilidad fecal aparente de partidas de sorgo con diferentes contenidos de taninos, sometidos a distintas tecnologías de procesamiento en cerdos

Con el objetivo de determinar el aporte en nutrientes digestibles para cerdos de dos tipos de sorgo procesados por distintos métodos, se realizó una prueba de digestibilidad fecal aparente (DFA) con cerdos en recría. Se estudiaron seis dietas: T1: maíz molido (MM); T2: sorgo alto tanino (SAT) molido (SATM); T3: SAT extrusado (SATE); T4: silo de grano húmedo de SAT (SSAT); T5: sorgo de bajo tanino (SBT) molido (SBTM); T6: silo de grano húmedo de SBT (SSBT). Se utilizaron 18 cerdos, tres por tratamiento, con un peso promedio de 36,5 kg, alojados en jaulas de digestibilidad individuales. El periodo experimental comprendió siete días de acostumbramiento y cinco de recolección de heces. Se suministraron dos tomas diarias iguales, de una cantidad de materia seca equivalente el 6 % del peso metabólico corporal. Se realizó recolección total de heces. Se determinó la DFA de materia seca (MS), materia orgánica (MO), proteína cruda (PC) y energía bruta (EB). Se estimó el aporte en base seca de Proteína Digestible y Energía Digestible. Los resultados de DFA de MS, MO, PC y EB, en porcentaje, fueron respectivamente, MM: 90,27; 90,18; 81,65; 89,74; SATM: 89,45; 89,29; 73,31; 88,96; SATE: 90,78; 90,64; 81,94; 91,24; SSAT: 83,58; 83,41; 49,11; 83,22; SBTM: 91,23; 91,09; 72,63; 90,83; SSBT: 93,16; 93,05; 83,55; 92,78. Se concluye que el SBTM, el SSBT y el SATE tienen un valor nutritivo equivalente al maíz.

Prevalencia de Helicobacter Pylori por antígeno fecal y factores de riesgo en la población del cantón Cuenca.Año 2003

El conocimiento de la prevalencia del helicobacter en la población y los factores de riesgo para controlar la enfermedad son importantes, para su control y erradicación. Conocer la prevalencia de la bacteria en la población, urbana y rural de la ciudad de Cuenca; y determinar si hay factores de riesgo que favorezcan la propagación de la infección. La prevalencia del Helicobacter en la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador, es de 44.9 por ciento, no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativas entre los habitantes del sector urbano 48.3 por ciento y rural 41.6 por ciento, las variables: residencia, [RP; 0.86] género, actividad manual, [RP; 0.98 IC: 0.82-1.24] ingesta de agua potable, [RP; 0.99 IC: 0.68-1.48], no se relacionan con la presencia del antígeno de Helicobacter en materia fecal, por lo que no constituyen un factor de riesgo para contraer la infección, la viariable edad, correlaciona positivamente con la prevalencia de la infección. 1.- La prevalencia del Helicobacter Pylori en el cantón Cuenca-Ecuador, en el año 2003, es del 44.9 por ciento que le ubica como una zona de prevalencia intermedia, menor a la esperada en un país en vías de desarrollo. 2.- No hay diferencias entre habitar en zona urbana y rural para prevalencia del Helicobacter Pylori 4.- La mayor parte de infección por Helicobacter Pylori, se adquiere en la infancia 5.- Las variables género, ingesta de agua potable, ocupación manual, no son factores de riesgo para contraer la infección

Prevalencia de helicobacter pylori por antígeno fecal y factores de riesgo en la población del cantón Cuenca año 2003

El conocimiento de la prevalencia del helicobacter en la población y los factores de riesgo para contraer la enfermedad son importantes, para su control y erradicación. El objetivo es conocer la pravalencia de la bacteria en la población urbana y rural de la ciudad de Cuenca, utilizando una prueba de alta sensibilidad y especificidad como es el Antígeno de Helicobacter Pylori fecal; y determinar si hay factores que favorezcan la propagación de la infección. Los resultados fueron la prevalencia de helicobacter en la Ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, es del 44.9 por ciento, no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativa entre los habitantes del sector urbano 48.3 por ciento y rural 41.6 por ciento, las variables: residencia, [OR: 1.31 IC:1. 0-1.6 género, [OR: 0.75 IC 0.5-1.0] actividad profesional, [OR: 1.-0 IC: 0.7-1.4] ingesta de alcohol, [OR: 1.2, IC: 0.8-1.7] ingesta de agua potable, [OR: 1.00, IC:0.6-1.4], no se relacionan con la presencia del antígeno de helicobacter en material fecal, variable edad, correlaciona positivamente con la prevalencia de la infección. Conclusión. 1.- La prevalencia del helicobacter en la ciudad de Cuenca le ubica como una zona de riesgo intermedio para contraer la infección 2.- No hay diferencia entre habitar en zona rural o urbana. 3.- La edad es un factor de riesgo, a mayor edad mayor probabilidad de contaminación. 4.- Las variables género ingesta de alcohol, ingesta de agua no potable, no son factores exclusivos de riesgo para contraer la infección

Colite de derivação fecal

A colite de derivação fecal (CD) é um processo inflamatório que ocorre no segmento colorretal desfuncionalizado, após uma cirurgia de desvio do trânsito intestinal. As principais características dessa entidade clínica são: apresenta-se na desfuncionalização do cólon ou reto; não há doença inflamatória intestinal preexistente; nunca acomete o sítio proximal à colostomia e ocorre resolução do processo após a restauração do trânsito intestinal. Diversas são as hipóteses postuladas para explicar o seu aparecimento; todavia, a deficiência nutricional do epitélio colônico, pela ausência dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), no segmento desfuncionalizado, é a mais aceita na atualidade. Os autores fazem uma revisão da literatura enfocando os aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e terapêuticos desta doença

El Estribo Volcanic Complex: Evolution from a shield volcano to a cinder cone, Pátzcuaro Lake, Michoacán, México

El Estribo Volcanic Complex (EVC) is located in the northern part of the Michoacán–Guanajuato Volcanic Field within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). El Estribo is located at the southern edge of the E-W Pátzcuaro fault that belongs to the Pátzcuaro-Jarácuaro graben, a western extension of the E-W Morelia–Acambay fault system. Stratigraphy, geochronology, chemistry, and mineral assemblages suggest that the volcanic complex was constructed in two periods separated by a ~ 100 ka volcanic hiatus: a) emission of lava flows that constructed a shield volcano between 126 ka, and b) mixed phreatomagmatic to Strombolian activity that formed a cinder cone ~ 28 ka. The magmas that fed these monogenetic volcanoes were able to use the same feeding system. The cinder cone itself was constructed by Strombolian fallouts and remobilized scoria beds, followed by an erosion period, and by a mixed phreatomagmatic to magmatic phase (Strombolian fallouts ending with lava flows). Soft-sedimentary deformation of beds and impact sags, cross-bedding, as well as pitting and hydrothermal cracks found in particles support the phreatomagmatic phase. The erupted magmas through time ejected basaltic andesitic lava flows (56.21–58.88% SiO2) that built the shield volcano and then basaltic andesitic scoria (57.65–59.05% SiO2) that constructed the cinder cone. Although they used the same feeding system, the geochemical data and the mineral chemistry of the magmas indicate that the shield volcano and the cinder cone were fed by different magma batches erupted thousands of years apart. Therefore, the location of El Estribo Volcanic Complex along an E-W fault that has generated two sector collapses of the shield volcano to the north may be directly linked to this complex redistribution of the magmatic paths to the surface. Our findings show that magmatic feeding systems within monogenetic volcanic fields could be long lived, questioning the classic view of the monogenetic nature of their volcanoes and yielding information about the potential volcanic risk of these settings, usually considered risk-free.

Identificación de neospora caninum en materia fecal de 60 caninos en hatos lecheros en el municipio el Rosal, Cundinamarca

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria

Incontinência fecal

O material é componente do Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Pessoa Idosa da UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso educacional interativo que apresenta as principais causas da incontinência fecal, bem como a abordagem da enfermagem gerontológica à essa síndrome.

Last Instar Larvae And Pupae Of Ourocnemis Archytas And Anteros Formosus (lepidoptera: Riodinidae), With A Summary Of Known Host Plants For The Tribe Helicopini.

Last instar larvae and pupae of Ourocnemis archytas (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) are described for the first time and compared with those of Anteros formosus, which are also described in detail. Last instars of both species present body covered with long white plumose setae, a row of orange balloon setae on the prothoracic shield, and clusters of perforated cupola organs (PCOs) near the spiracles; differences are the black cephalic capsule, the placement and format of balloon setae cluster, and the presence of enlarged black tips on some plumose setae. Pupae of O. archytas resemble that of Anteros, covered with the last instar setae and with no balloon setae. Characteristics of the immature stages of these two genera could be useful to establish the still unresolved relationship between them. A summary of the host plants of Helicopini is presented, showing a polyphagous pattern for Anteros, recorded in 21 host plant families, which contrasts with the specialized diet observed in Helicopis and Sarota. 

Changes In Motor Behavior During Pregnancy In Rats: The Basis For A Possible Animal Model Of Restless Legs Syndrome.

Pregnant women have a 2-3 fold higher probability of developing restless legs syndrome (RLS - sleep-related movement disorders) than general population. This study aims to evaluate the behavior and locomotion of rats during pregnancy in order to verify if part of these animals exhibit some RLS-like features. We used 14 female 80-day-old Wistar rats that weighed between 200 and 250 g. The rats were distributed into control (CTRL) and pregnant (PN) groups. After a baseline evaluation of their behavior and locomotor activity in an open-field environment, the PN group was inducted into pregnancy, and their behavior and locomotor activity were evaluated on days 3, 10 and 19 of pregnancy and in the post-lactation period in parallel with the CTRL group. The serum iron and transferrin levels in the CTRL and PN groups were analyzed in blood collected after euthanasia by decapitation. There were no significant differences in the total ambulation, grooming events, fecal boli or urine pools between the CTRL and PN groups. However, the PN group exhibited fewer rearing events, increased grooming time and reduced immobilization time than the CTRL group (ANOVA, p<0.05). These results suggest that pregnant rats show behavioral and locomotor alterations similar to those observed in animal models of RLS, demonstrating to be a possible animal model of this sleep disorder.

Clustering Of Water Bodies In Unpolluted And Polluted Environments Based On Escherichia Coli Phylogroup Abundance Using A Simple Interaction Database.

Different types of water bodies, including lakes, streams, and coastal marine waters, are often susceptible to fecal contamination from a range of point and nonpoint sources, and have been evaluated using fecal indicator microorganisms. The most commonly used fecal indicator is Escherichia coli, but traditional cultivation methods do not allow discrimination of the source of pollution. The use of triplex PCR offers an approach that is fast and inexpensive, and here enabled the identification of phylogroups. The phylogenetic distribution of E. coli subgroups isolated from water samples revealed higher frequencies of subgroups A1 and B23 in rivers impacted by human pollution sources, while subgroups D1 and D2 were associated with pristine sites, and subgroup B1 with domesticated animal sources, suggesting their use as a first screening for pollution source identification. A simple classification is also proposed based on phylogenetic subgroup distribution using the w-clique metric, enabling differentiation of polluted and unpolluted sites.

Mineral Nutrition Of Campos Rupestres Plant Species On Contrasting Nutrient-impoverished Soil Types.

In Brazil, the campos rupestres occur over the Brazilian shield, and are characterized by acidic nutrient-impoverished soils, which are particularly low in phosphorus (P). Despite recognition of the campos rupestres as a global biodiversity hotspot, little is known about the diversity of P-acquisition strategies and other aspects of plant mineral nutrition in this region. To explore nutrient-acquisition strategies and assess aspects of plant P nutrition, we measured leaf P and nitrogen (N) concentrations, characterized root morphology and determined the percentage arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization of 50 dominant species in six communities, representing a gradient of soil P availability. Leaf manganese (Mn) concentration was measured as a proxy for carboxylate-releasing strategies. Communities on the most P-impoverished soils had the highest proportion of nonmycorrhizal (NM) species, the lowest percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, and the greatest diversity of root specializations. The large spectrum of leaf P concentration and variation in root morphologies show high functional diversity for nutritional strategies. Higher leaf Mn concentrations were observed in NM compared with AM species, indicating that carboxylate-releasing P-mobilizing strategies are likely to be present in NM species. The soils of the campos rupestres are similar to the most P-impoverished soils in the world. The prevalence of NM strategies indicates a strong global functional convergence in plant mineral nutrition strategies among severely P-impoverished ecosystems.

Resultados da cirurgia de reservatórios ileais em pacientes com doença de Crohn

BACKGROUND: Total rectocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the choice surgical procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis. In cases of Crohn's disease post-operative diagnosis, it can be followed by pouch failure. AIM: To evaluate ileal pouch-anal anastomosis long-term outcome in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS: Between February 1983 and March 2007, 151 patients were submitted to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis by Campinas State University Colorectal Unit, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 76 had pre-operative ulcerative colitis diagnosis and 11 had post-operative Crohn's disease diagnosis. Crohn's disease diagnosis was made by histopathological biopsies in nine cases, being one in surgical specimen, two cases in rectal stump, small bowel in two cases, ileal pouch in three and in perianal abscess in one of them. The median age was 30.6 years and eight (72.7%) were female. RESULTS: All patients had previous ulcerative colitis diagnosis and in five cases emergency colectomy was done by toxic megacolon. The mean time until of Crohn's disease diagnosis was 30.6 (6-80) months after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Ileostomy closure was possible in 10 cases except in one that had ileal pouch fistula, perianal disease and small bowel involvement. In the long-term follow-up, three patients had perineal fistulas and one had also a pouch-vaginal fistula. All of them were submitted to a new ileostomy and one had the pouch excised. Another patient presented pouch-vaginal fistula which was successfully treated by mucosal flap. Three patients had small bowel involvement and three others, pouch involvement. All improved with medical treatment. Presently, the mean follow-up is 76.5 months and all patients are in clinical remission, and four have fecal diversion. The remaining patients have good functional results with 6-10 bowel movements/day. CONCLUSION: Crohn's disease diagnosis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis may be usual and later complications such fistulas and stenosis are common. However, when left in situ ileal pouch is associated with good function.

Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora, Felidae) food habits in a mosaic of Atlantic Rainforest and eucalypt plantations of southeastern Brazil

Food habits of jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora, Felidae) were studied between November 2000 and November 2001, in a 24.9 km² area of secondary Atlantic Rainforest and eucalypt plantation, in the Serra de Paranapiacaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses of 26 fecal and regurgitate samples, obtained over a stretch of 570.1 km, showed the consumption of 19 prey items and 74 prey occurrences. Small mammals were the most frequent food item (42.5%), followed by birds (21%), reptiles (14%) and medium-sized mammals (3%). The percent occurrence (PO) suggests that the diet consisted mainly of small rodents (30%) and birds (21%). We recorded for the first time the predation of Viperidae snakes by P. yagouaroundi. Although having a large list of items and range of dietary niche breadths (Bsta = 0.76), our data show that jaguarundi prey mainly on small vertebrates (mammals, birds or reptiles), and even in tall tropical forests or eucalypt plantations, it preys mostly on animals that come to, or live on, the ground.

Metabolismo mineral em bubalinos com ingestões de diferentes níveis de fósforo

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da ingestão diária de quatro níveis de fósforo (8, 12, 15 e 18 g) sobre o metabolismo de macrominerais (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K e S), incluindo a ingestão, a concentração no rúmen, a taxa de passagem do líquido ruminal, a excreção nas fezes e a disponibilidade aparente. Utilizaram-se quatro bubalinos adultos com fístulas ruminais em delineamento quadrado latino (4 × 4) com dieta total constituída de cana-de-açúcar como volumoso (85%) e concentrado formulado com um dos níveis de fósforo. Os níveis de fósforo não ocasionaram diferença significativa na concentração mineral no rúmen de nenhum mineral estudado. A concentração média de fósforo no conteúdo ruminal foi de 0,98% na matéria seca, enquanto o teor de fósforo nas rações variou de 0,12 a 0,34%, comprovando alta reciclagem de fósforo pela saliva. Níveis crescentes de fósforo na dieta, variando de 8 a 18 g/animal/dia, não influenciam as disponibilidades de cálcio e magnésio. Com o nível de fósforo de 15 g/dia, houve melhor utilização do fósforo da dieta. A ingestão de níveis crescentes de fósforo em g/kg0,75 (X) promoveu aumento linear na excreção fecal desse mineral em g/kg0,75 (Y) e baixos valores de disponibilidade do fósforo, que pode ser estimado pela equação Y = 0,03 + 0,610X, o que indica deficiência desse elemento mineral na dieta para o metabolismo animal.

Uso de levedura em equinos alimentados com dietas compostas de fenos de diferentes qualidades nutricionais

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do uso de probiótico (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) em dietas para cavalos, utilizaram-se quatro equinos machos com média de 400 kg de peso corporal, em delineamento em quadrado latino 4 õ 4. As dietas foram compostas de concentrado e feno de capim-tifton 85 (de baixa qualidade) ou feno de alfafa (de alta qualidade), com ou sem a adição de levedura. Cada período experimental teve duração de 36 dias, com coleta total de fezes, para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, e coleta de fezes, para determinação do pH e da microbiologia fecal. A utilização de probiótico não alterou os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes das dietas, com exceção do extrato etéreo. A qualidade nutricional do feno influenciou os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS), da proteína bruta (PB) e do extrato etéreo (EE) apenas no caso das dietas com feno de capim-tifton sem probiótico e com feno de alfafa com probiótico. A utilização de cultura de levedura aumentou a população de Lactobacillus nas fezes dos animais que receberam a dieta com feno de capim-tifton com probiótico. Não houve uso de probiótico na população de Lactobacillus nas dietas com feno de alfafa (de boa qualidade). A população de Streptococcus nas fezes aumentou com suplementação de levedura, tanto na dieta com feno de capim-tifton como naquela com feno de alfafa. A dieta com capim-tifton 85 sem probiótico promoveu redução nos valores de pH fecal 14 e 17 horas após a alimentação. Considerando ainda os valores de pH fecal nesses períodos após a alimentação, as dietas suplementadas com probiótico apresentaram valores superiores àqueles obtidos sem adição de levedura.