Occupy Differently: Space, Community and Urban Counter-Conduct

This article demonstrates how the concept of counter-conducts helps us understand Occupy by directing attention to the correlation between the way advanced liberalism works to control urban spaces and the way that control is countered through Occupy’s tactics. The first section outlines the term counter-conducts by looking to Foucault’s short and undeveloped theorisation. The second examines how advanced liberalism conducts conduct through the use of urban space, concentrating on London which comes to form a space of and for the mobility and circulation of goods, people and ideas. Occupy’s tactics directly confront and counter such movement while engaging in its own forms of counter-circulation and (im)mobility. The third section examines how advanced liberal techniques have increasingly come to use a particular, heavily instrumentalised understanding of community in order to divide and control urban populations. Occupy’s tactics embody versions of community which confront and oppose such instrumentalisation, ultimately both engaging with that control and partially reproducing it. Through these counter-conducts we can come to a view of Occupy as inevitably succeeding in its failure as a movement and failing in its success, while opening to an (im)possible
futurity of occupying urban space differently.

Re-Reading the Riots: Counter-Conduct in London 2011

The riots that took place in England in August 2011 have widely been described as destructive, senseless and without purpose. This article, taking inspiration from Michel Foucault’s later work on revolt as counter-conduct, argues for a new understanding of how to read political expression and thereby calls for the riots to be thought differently, as a form of counter-conduct. This demands a new appreciation for the possibilities of revolt where spontaneous, impulsive, mundane and non-spectacular events like riots can be construed as political rather than purely criminal. It also opens up possibilities for how we might understand the ethos of the ‘revolting subject’.

The ethics of ethical debates in peace and conflict research: Notes towards the development of a research covenant

This article outlines the case for peace and conflict researchers to formulate a research covenant to better shape their ethical obligations and responsibilities. This is an urgent necessity given that ethical debates have in some proponents become emotive and are not conducted in an ethical manner. In coming to this assessment, the article reviews trends in the research ethics literature and draws out some of the generic issues addressed in a review of the personal reflexivity that an assortment of individual peace and conflict researchers have engaged in when recounting their fieldwork experiences. These generic issues are reformulated in an attempt to codify appropriate ethical practice in peace and conflict research, and they go towards determining the contents of the research covenant. It is suggested that the research covenant is a more ethical way to debate the ethics of peace and conflict research.

The Ethical Gold series

A series of five articles, published over six months in 2010, which explained the key ethical issues relating to sourcing gold. The Ethical Gold Series was written for practising jewellers, industrial jewellery manufacturers and the wider design community. The Ethical Gold Series was published in the Benchpeg Newsletter, an online jewellery industry journal, which in 2010 had over 5,500 subscribers. The material for the articles was drawn from a year of ethnographic fieldwork in the UK jewellery sector, funded by the AHRC, and field visits to preserved, operating and proposed gold mining sites in Alaska, California, Sweden, Wales and Scotland. The ethnographic fieldwork included ‘ethical gold’ promotional events, private industry meetings and jewellery trade shows and meetings with jewellery manufacturers and retailers, assayers, gold refiners and traders and environmental and fair trade campaigners.

A formação ética de professores no cruzamento com a formação ético-moral de alunos : o papel da investigação-acção

Tese de doutoramento, Educação (Formação de Professores), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2015

Geoengineering : the ethical and social issues

Tese de doutoramento, Filosofia (Filosofia da Natureza e do Ambiente), Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2015

Legal, Ethical and Professional Issues

The chapter addresses the professional, legal and ethical issues associated with medicines management and the role of the nurse. To ensure safe practice it is imperative safeguards are recognised and applied; therefore pertinent legislative frameworks, policy and professional regulation are discussed. Safeguarding patients when administering prescribed medicines means the nurse must have up-to-date knowledge and skill and a key aspect of this is to ensure consent to treatment from the service user is secured; for this reason drawing on relevant legislation, the consensual process is reviewed. Not infrequently medicine management provokes ethical and legal challenges for the health care professional; these demand reflection and careful consideration; consequently in this chapter legal and ethical parameters and professional boundaries are appraised.

Consumers' willingness to pay for ethical attributes

Purpose: In recent years, there has been a big increase in the use of ethical attributes as marketing appeals. This paper examines consumers’ willingness to pay for three selected ethical attributes, namely ‘Organic’, ‘Recyclable Packaging’ and ‘Fairtrade’ in monetary terms. Design/Methodology/Approach: A modified choice-based experimental design with manipulation of the key constructs was used to estimate the mean value of how much consumers are willing to pay for the selected attributes attached to a box of premium chocolates. The results are based on the responses of a total of 208 consumers. Findings: Of the three attributes, ‘Recyclable Packaging’ has the strongest influence on the purchase decision, although this attribute generates the least additional value. The aggregated result shows that although consumers are willing to pay more for the product with ethical attributes than the one that is without, still around a half of them are not willing to pay more. In terms of demographics, the results show no significant differences between the two genders or different age groups in their willingness to pay for ethical attributes. As might be expected, willingness to pay was correlated with the level of consciousness of the ethical attributes. Originality/Value: The findings of this study help management to think practically about the value consumers willing to pay for the selected attributes. The results show a significant synergy in a combination of ethical attributes in products.

A saúde fora de portas: o projeto de literacia da informação da ESTeSL

Introdução – A pesquisa de informação realizada pelos estudantes de ensino superior em recursos eletrónicos não corresponde necessariamente ao domínio de competências de pesquisa, análise, avaliação, seleção e bom uso da informação recuperada. O conceito de literacia da informação ganha pertinência e destaque, na medida em que abarca competências que permitem reconhecer quando é necessária a informação e de atuar de forma eficiente e efetiva na sua obtenção e utilização. Objetivo – A meta da Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL) foi a formação em competências de literacia da informação, fora da ESTeSL, de estudantes, professores e investigadores. Métodos – A formação foi integrada em projetos nacionais e internacionais, dependendo dos públicos-alvo, das temáticas, dos conteúdos, da carga horária e da solicitação da instituição parceira. A Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian foi o promotor financeiro privilegiado. Resultados – Decorreram várias intervenções em território nacional e internacional. Em 2010, em Angola, no Instituto Médio de Saúde do Bengo, formação de 10 bibliotecários sobre a construção e a gestão de uma biblioteca de saúde e introdução à literacia da informação (35h). Em 2014, decorrente do ERASMUS Intensive Programme, o OPTIMAX (Radiation Dose and Image Quality Optimisation in Medical Imaging) para 40 professores e estudantes de radiologia (oriundos de Portugal, Reino Unido, Noruega, Países Baixos e Suíça) sobre metodologia e pesquisa de informação na MEDLINE e na Web of Science e sobre o Mendeley, enquanto gestor de referências (4h). Os trabalhos finais deste curso foram publicados em formato de ebook (http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34439/1/Final%20complete%20version.pdf), cuja revisão editorial foi da responsabilidade dos bibliotecários. Ao longo de 2014, na Escola Superior de Educação, Escola Superior de Dança, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal e Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa e, ao longo de 2015, na Universidade Aberta, Escola Superior de Comunicação Social, Instituto Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa e Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa foram desenhados conteúdos sobre o uso do ZOTERO e do Mendeley para a gestão de referências bibliográficas e sobre uma nova forma de fazer investigação. Cada uma destas sessões (2,5h) envolveu cerca de 25 estudantes finalistas, mestrandos e professores. Em 2015, em Moçambique, no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde, decorreu a formação de 5 bibliotecários e 46 estudantes e professores (70h). Os conteúdos ministrados foram: 1) gestão e organização de uma biblioteca de saúde (para bibliotecários); 2) literacia da informação: pesquisa de informação na MEDLINE, SciELO e RCAAP, gestores de referências e como evitar o plágio (para bibliotecários e estudantes finalistas de radiologia). A carga horária destinada aos estudantes incluiu a tutoria das monografias de licenciatura, em colaboração com mais duas professoras do projeto. Para 2016 está agendada formação noutras instituições de ensino superior nacionais. Perspetiva-se, ainda, formação similar em Timor-Leste, cujos conteúdos, datas e carga horária estão por agendar. Conclusões – Destas iniciativas beneficia a instituição (pela visibilidade), os bibliotecários (pelo evidenciar de competências) e os estudantes, professores e investigadores (pelo ganho de novas competências e pela autonomia adquirida). O projeto de literacia da informação da ESTeSL tem contribuído de forma efetiva para a construção e para a produção de conhecimento no meio académico, nacional e internacional, sendo a biblioteca o parceiro privilegiado nesta cultura de colaboração.

(Un)ethical leadership, organizational identification and sensemaking: the BES case and its impact on employees

This paper provides an ongoing analysis to one of the biggest ethical and financial scandals in Portugal – Banco Espírito Santo (BES). BES was considered one of the three best banks but it went bankrupted and its employees were transferred to a new entity – Novo Banco. This study was conducted in order to provide an understanding of the employees’ side, which has been forgotten so far. An ethical scandal (sensebreaking) creates ambiguity and uncertainty which triggers new sensemaking processes in order to understand and derive meaning from the new reality. The methodology followed was semi-structured interviews to employees both from the branches and the central services. We found evidence that in organizations with strong identification, unethical behavior has a significant impact on followers’ – the new process of sensemaking is particularly important in this situation because employees suffer more from the disruption of their reality.

Ethical consumption (in)decisons

Consumers’ indecisions about the ethical value of their choices are amongst the highest concerns regarding ethical products’ purchasing. This is especially true for Fair Trade certified products where the ethical attribute information provided by the packaging is often unacknowledged by consumers. While well-informed consumers are likely to generate positive consumer reactions to ethical products and increase its ethical consumption, less knowledgeable buyers show different purchasing patterns. In such circumstances, decisions are often driven by socio-cultural beliefs about the low functional performance of ethical or sustainable attributes. For instance, products more congruent with sustainability (e.g., produce) are considered to be simpler but less tasty than less sustainable products. Less sustainable products instead, are considered to be more sophisticated and to provide consumers with more hedonic pleasures (e.g., chocolate mousse). The extent that ethicality is linked with experiences that provide consumers with more pain than pleasure is also manifested in pro-social social behaviors. More specifically through conspicuous self-sacrificial consumption experiences like running for charity in marathons with wide public exposure. The willingness of consumers to engage in such costly initiatives is moderated by gender differences and further, mediated by the chronic productivity orientation of some individuals to use time in a productive manner. Using experimental design studies, I show that consumers (1) use a set of affective and cognitive associations with on-package elements to interpret ethical attributes, (2) implicitly associate ethicality with simplicity, and that (3) men versus women show different preferences in their forms of contribution to pro-social causes.

Raising the Level of Moral Thinking among Managers Will Not Help. Kohlberg's Conventionality and Systemic Ethical Flaws in Business

Business ethicists often assume that unethical behavior arises when individuals deviate from the norms and responsibilities that are institutionalized to frame economic activities. People's greed motivates them to violate the rules of the game. In Kohlberg's terms, it is assumed that such actors make decisions in a preconventional way and act opportunistically. In this article, we propose an alternative interpretation of deviant behavior, arguing that such behavior does not result from a lack of conventional moral guidance but rather from the fact that characteristics attributed to preconventional morality by Kohlberg - the purely incentive and punishment driven opportunistic morality - have become the conventionalized morality. The prevailing norms that economic actors have internalized as their yardstick are those of the preconventional Homo economicus. Not the deviation from, but the compliance with the rules of the game explains many forms of harmful and illegal decisions made in corporations.

Enjeux ethiques de la psychiatrie sous contrainte [Ethical issues in psychiatry under coercion].

Psychiatry is now subject to two apparently contradictory movements. On the one hand, the need to respect the autonomy and rights of patients is reinforced and coercive measures are strictly defined and limited. On the other hand, security concerns in our society leads to prosecution of psychiatric disorders, especially when accompanied by behavioral problems or criminal acts. In these situations of compulsory treatment or care provided in prisons, a number of dilemmas emerge. The place of the healthcare professional in treatments ordered by the Justice and problems related to administrative detention are discussed in more detail.

Quality control and conduct of genome-wide association meta-analyses.

Rigorous organization and quality control (QC) are necessary to facilitate successful genome-wide association meta-analyses (GWAMAs) of statistics aggregated across multiple genome-wide association studies. This protocol provides guidelines for (i) organizational aspects of GWAMAs, and for (ii) QC at the study file level, the meta-level across studies and the meta-analysis output level. Real-world examples highlight issues experienced and solutions developed by the GIANT Consortium that has conducted meta-analyses including data from 125 studies comprising more than 330,000 individuals. We provide a general protocol for conducting GWAMAs and carrying out QC to minimize errors and to guarantee maximum use of the data. We also include details for the use of a powerful and flexible software package called EasyQC. Precise timings will be greatly influenced by consortium size. For consortia of comparable size to the GIANT Consortium, this protocol takes a minimum of about 10 months to complete.