921 resultados para all Adult: 19 years
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Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o comportamento da taxa de homicdio na populao masculina e sua relao com variveis econmicas nos estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e So Paulo entre 1981 e 1997. Nossa abordagem se diferencia do tratamento usual da literatura pela construo de taxas de homicdio especficas para cada idade entre 15 e 40 anos. As variveis econmicas apresentam coeficientes significativamente diferente de zero para a populao entre 15 e 19 anos. Como esperado, um aumento do salrio real e uma queda da desigualdade reduzem a taxa de homicdio. Surpreendentemente, uma queda do desemprego parece aumentar a taxa de homicdio. A maior parte dos coeficientes, porm, converge para zero com o aumento da idade, tornando-se no significativos a partir dos 20 anos. Alm disso, identificamos a existncia de inrcia nas taxas de homicdio: geraes com maior taxa de homicdio quando jovem tendem a apresentar maiores taxas de homicdio durante todo o restante do seu ciclo de vida. Dessa forma, se as variveis econmicas induzem uma alta taxa de homicdio entre os jovens em determinado ano, essa taxa tende a permanecer elevada para a gerao durante seu ciclo de vida independente do comportamento posterior da economia. Utilizamos, nessa anlise, uma reformulao do tradicional modelo Logit que incorpora a varivel dependente defasada.
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This paper studies the male homicide rate and its relation to economic variables in the states of Minas Gerais, So Paulo e Rio de Janeiro between 1981 and 1997. The novelty of our approach is the construction of homicide rates specific for each age between 15 and 40 years old. The economic variables' coefficients are significant1y different from zero for the population between 15 and 19 years old. As expected, an increase in real wage and a decrease in inequality reduce the rate of homicide. Surprisingly, a decrease in the unemployment rate seems to increase the rate ofhomicide. Most coefficients, however, converge to zero as a generation gets older, becoming non-significant for the population aged 20 years old or more. We also identify an inertia component in the homicide rate: generations with higher homicide rates when young also tend to have higher homicide rates over the remain of their life cycle. Therefore, if economic variables induce a high rate of homicide among young people in a certain year, this high rate tend to persist over the generation life cycle independent1y of the economy later behavior. Regressions are performed using a reformulation of the standard Logit model that incorporates a lagged dependent variable.
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Labor force participation among youth is extremely high in Brazil when compared to countries with a similar economic background. In Argentina and Chile labor force participation, among those with 10 to 14 years old, is around 1% while in Brazil this rate is as high as 17 %. For the those between 15 and 19 years old these figures are around 10% in Chile, 15% in Argentina and 53% in Brazil. On the other hand the data on school attendance give a more optimistic picture. The percentage of children, between 10 and 14 years old, enrolled in school increased steadily from 79% to 95% from 1981 to 1998 and with age between 15 and 19, from 46% to 66% in the same period. These figures are close to the ones presented by Chile and Argentina. around 99% among the youngest group and around 70% for the 15 to 19 years old group. The objective of the paper is to understand the determinants of the time allocation decision of the Brazilian youth during the last twenty years. Using a multinomial logit regression we investigate the conditional effect of various micro and macro variables on the time allocation decision for the 1991 to 1998 period. Our main findings are: working and studying became the most likely allocation among the youngest in the poor rural areas and, in general, to study, whether working or not, became less dependent on family background for the youngest group but not for the older.
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This descriptive study of cross sectional has focused on analyzing the school material weight transported by students associated with children and adolescents overweight in primary and secondary schools. Participants 339 students of both genders, aged 10-19 years. 243 students carrying and average load of 12.65% of his body weight. 53 students were overweight with a BMI of 20,00 to 35,6. 20 overweight students carrying backpacks more than 10% of his body weight. 21% of the students rated complained of back and shoulder pain. This data is very important in the preventive aspects for the individuals studied, as well as others with the same anthropometric characteristics and the same demand.
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In this study the main question investigated was the number and size of both binucleate and mononucleate superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and, whether post-natal development would affect these parameters. Twenty left SCGs from 20 male pacas were used. Four different ages were investigated, that is newborn (4 days), young (45 days), adult (2 years), and aged animals (7 years). By using design-based stereo-logical methods, that is the Cavalieri principle and a physical disector combined with serial sectioning, the total volume of ganglion and total number of mononucleate and binucleate neurons were estimated. Furthermore, the mean perikaryal (somal) volume of mononucleate and binucleate neurons was estimated using the vertical nucleator. The main findings of this study were a 154% increase in the SCG volume, a 95% increase in the total number of mononucleate SCG neurons and a 50% increase in the total volume of SCG neurons. In conclusion, apart from neuron number, different adaptive mechanisms may coexist in the autonomic nervous system to guarantee a functional homeostasis during ageing, which is not always associated with neuron losses. Anat Rec, 292:966-975, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Attention to the health of adolescents, based on paradigm flexneriano, needs to be overcome. Since the International Conference of Ottawa (1986), the literature is developing a discussion of the promotion of health, based on the paradigm of social production in health, suggests a design to overcome the health care traditional practices. Program Health of the Family PSF has this purpose to transmute the model of existing assistance, where the nurse is an essential element to the work done in the program. Around this context, it is our purpose to analyze the practice of nurse of the PSF for the promotion of health of adolescents, produced by a search of descriptive quantitative approach with the inclusion of qualitative data. Interviews were conducted with 9 nurses 3 units of health of the family USF, Mossor-RN and applied questionnaires with 74 teenagers aged between 15 and 19 years old, with some nearby public schools where USF operate these nurses. The quantitative descriptions were transformed on tables, pictures and graphics using the program Excel (Microsoft) and the qualitative were worked through the technique of analyzing the content of Bardin (2004). The review was realized using the reference to promote health brought by the study. The results show that the most common problems that happen with teenagers are the drugs (33,8%), pregnancy (27,0%) and political problems-socio-economic-cultural issues (24,3%). Adolescents are spontaneous demand and rarely seek the USF. The actions presented by the nurses as, lectures and groups, are nothing comparing to the macro-problems presented by adolescents, and verticalized irregular. The nurses know the promotion of health generally, not explaining how operate it from its daily practice. Concluded that the practice of nurse of the PSF has not yet reach the promotion of health of the adolescent, being necessary to scheduling modules on the subject to continuous training of teams, professionals from USF, as well as teachers and other staff of schools, giving space to the participation of academic. The discussions should be socialized with the community to discuss possibilities of confrontation of the problems, which also require socio-structural changes. This research can contribute as work-diagnosis, which experienced the reality of care in nursing PSF to a specific group
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O The aim of this study was to characterize the occurrence of trauma in the elderly population served by the mobile pre-hospital service, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. This is a descriptive, transversal and quantitative approach and whose population consisted of 2,080 trauma victims. The sample, of systematic random type, consisted of 400 elderly people, aged from 60 years old, assisted by the Office of Mobile Emergency in Natal / RN, between January 2011 and December 2012. Data collection began after consent and assent of the institution of a Research Ethics Committee under No. 309 505. It was proceeded to documentary retrospective analysis of records of this service through a form of self-development, validated by expert judges considered reliable (α> 0.75) and valid (CVI = 0.97) in their clarity and relevance. Data were tabulated by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0. The results show that older victims have an average age of 74.19 years old, with a prevalence of female involvement by chronic diseases, especially hypertension, average usage of 2.2 routine medications with vital signs within normal limits. The trauma prevailed during the daytime, in the residence of the victims, north of the city and on weekends. Among the mechanisms of trauma were falls, traffic accidents and physical aggression, whose most common type was brain-cerebral trauma and the main consequences were suture wounds and closed fractures. Basic Support Units were as more driven to pre-hospital care (87.8%) and the main destination place consisted of a referral hospital for emergency of the state (57.5%). Among the most commonly performed procedures by nursing staff immobilization with rigid board and neck collar and the peripheral venipuncture, and the main component used for volume replacement to saline were highlighted. There was a significant relationship between the deaths and the mechanism of injury, mechanism of injury and procedures, except medication administration procedures carried out, except immobilization and unit for service. It is highlighted the prevalence of trauma in the elderly, poor follow-up Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support protocol and the paucity of records and nursing procedures performed. There is need for a protocol of care specific to elderly trauma victims and education strategies for the prevention of such events
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OBJETIVOS: avaliar peso, altura, ndice de massa corporal (IMC) e prevalncia de sobrepeso e obesidade de crianas e adolescentes de Presidente Prudente, So Paulo, Brasil. MTODOS: foram avaliados 1327 jovens (692 masculino e 635 feminino) com idade de 7 a 19 anos. Os dados foram coletados com o mesmo equipamento e seguindo procedimento padro descrito na literatura. O teste t de Student para variveis independentes foi utilizado para as comparaes entre sexo (p<0,05), e foram calculados os percentis para cada idade. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS, verso-10.0. A plotagem das curvas foi realizada no programa Minitab, verso-14.0. Os percentis 85 e 95 serviram para classificao de sobrepeso e de obesidade e foram analisados em relao aos dois estudos mais aceitos internacionalmente. RESULTADOS o peso e a altura esto acima dos valores encontrados em outras regies brasileiras e semelhantes a dos pases desenvolvidos. O IMC revelou alta prevalncia de sobrepeso e obesidade, principalmente no sexo masculino, entre 7 e 10 anos. Esta prevalncia foi menor no grupo feminino, especialmente entre as adolescentes. CONCLUSES: a amostra apresenta padro de crescimento acima de outras regies brasileiras e comparveis a pases desenvolvidos, entretanto o IMC indica alta prevalncia de sobrepeso e obesidade.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Verificar a proporo de pacientes com baciloscopia negativa no pr-operatrio e que apresentaram TB ativa na pea cirrgica. MTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnstico histopatolgico de TB ativa ou sequelar e operados entre os anos de 2003 e 2006 em um hospital universitrio. Foram pesquisados antecedentes e aspectos clnicos relativos doena, pesquisa de bacilos lcool-cido resistentes (BAAR), tipo de cirurgia realizada e exame histopatolgico da pea cirrgica. RESULTADOS: Foram includos 43 pacientes, com mdia de idade de 44 19 anos, sendo 27 do sexo masculino. Apresentavam histria prvia de TB com tratamento adequado 28 pacientes, e 15 no referiam antecedentes para TB. O principal motivo da procura pelo servio foi infeco de repetio, seguida por achados em exames de imagem. Dos 43 pacientes, foi pesquisado BAAR no pr-operatrio em 35: 32 apresentaram resultados negativos e 3, resultados positivos. Dos 35 pacientes pesquisados, 26 apresentavam diagnstico histopatolgico de TB ativa e 9 de TB sequelar na pea cirrgica; os outros 8 tambm foram diagnosticados com TB sequelar. A proporo de TB ativa em doentes com baciloscopia negativa foi de 72% (23/32), e o de baciloscopia negativa em TB ativa foi de 88% (23/26), sendo a pesquisa de BAAR positiva somente em 11,5% (3/26). CONCLUSES: A baciloscopia direta tem rendimento muito baixo, e muitos pacientes mesmo j tratados podem permanecer com TB em atividade com baciloscopia negativa. A TB ativa pode ser confundida com infeces secundrias ou com cncer.
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Analisa-se a mortalidade de adolescentes no Municpio de Botucatu, Estado de So Paulo, Brasil, no perodo de 1984 a 1993, segundo dois subgrupos (10 a 14 e 15 a 19 anos), sexo, ocupao e causas de bito. Os dados de bitos foram obtidos no Setor de Estatstica do Centro de Sade-Escola. As estimativas populacionais foram calculadas com base nos censos demogrficos. Observou-se variao dos coeficientes de mortalidade nos diferentes anos e maior mortalidade no grupo masculino de 15 a 19 anos, atingindo tanto estudantes como trabalhadores. Houve predomnio de causas externas de mortalidade, principalmente acidentes de trnsito e ferimento por arma de fogo, exigindo averigao de seus determinantes e o desenvolvimento de programas de sade destinados aos adolescentes, suas famlias e sociedade, considerando-se que as causas de morte so evitveis e prevenveis.
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Estimou-se a proporo de incidncia de acidentes do trabalho na Cidade de Botucatu, So Paulo, Brasil, segundo sexo, idade, existncia de contrato de trabalho e ocupaes. Para tanto, foi realizado inqurito domiciliar em amostra aleatria sistemtica por conglomerados (195 setores censitrios). Coletaram-se informaes de todos os moradores dos domiclios amostrados com idade maior que nove anos. Para aqueles que trabalhavam nos ltimos noventa dias que precederam a entrevista, foram obtidas informaes sobre ocupao, posio na ocupao, contrato de trabalho e ocorrncia de acidentes. Foram estudados 9.626 domiclios residenciais (frao amostral de 0,26). A proporo de acidentes no-fatais no municpio foi de 3,3% (IC95%: 2,7-3,9), sendo maior em homens 4,5% (IC95%: 3,6-5,5), variando com o tipo de contrato de trabalho e grande grupo de ocupao. Comparando-se esses resultados com perodos anteriores, observa-se diminuio significativa do risco de acidentes na cidade.
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OBJETIVO: Avaliar o ndice de qualidade da dieta de adolescentes residentes no Distrito do Butant do municpio de So Paulo, SP. MTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com uma amostra de 437 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 19 anos. Foram obtidas amostras probabilsticas em dois estgios, setor censitrio e domiclio, da rea estudada. O consumo alimentar foi medido pelo mtodo recordatrio de 24 horas e a qualidade da dieta avaliada pelo ndice de Qualidade da Dieta adaptado para a realidade local. RESULTADOS: Dos adolescentes avaliados, 4% apresentaram dieta saudvel, 68% dieta que necessita de melhora e 28% dieta inadequada. O sexo masculino apresentou maior pontuao para os componentes do ndice de Qualidade da Dieta cereais, hortalias, leguminosas e variedade da dieta. O aumento no nmero de anos de estudo do chefe da famlia apresentou-se associado ao maior consumo dos grupos de alimentos: cereais, verduras e legumes, leite e produtos derivados e variedade de alimentos; a relao foi inversa para o grupo de leguminosas e sdio. CONCLUSO: A maioria dos adolescentes estudada no segue as recomendaes dietticas preconizadas, fato que pode comprometer a sade futura desses indivduos.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade global da dieta e a adequao do consumo de cada componente da dieta de adolescentes segundo fatores demogrficos, socioeconmicos e ndice de massa corporal (IMC). Trata-se de estudo transversal, de base populacional, que analisou amostra representativa de 409 adolescentes, de 12 a 19 anos, utilizando o ndice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQD). Foram estimadas as prevalncias de dietas classificadas no 1 quartil do IQD e as mdias de escores de cada componente do IQD. Regresses mltiplas linear e de Poisson foram utilizadas nas anlises. O escore mdio do IQD foi de 59,7. Observou-se menor prevalncia de dietas inadequadas no segmento de melhor escolaridade do chefe da famlia. Os estratos de menor nvel socioeconmico, avaliados por renda e escolaridade, mostram um consumo inferior de verduras e legumes, frutas, leite e derivados e menor variedade da dieta e uma ingesto superior de cereais e derivados e leguminosas. Adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade consomem mais carnes e ovos e menos frutas comparados aos que apresentam baixo peso/eutrofia. As meninas tiveram maior ingesto de gordura total e menor ingesto de sdio. Os resultados identificam os componentes que merecem ateno nas estratgias de promoo de alimentao saudvel e os segmentos mais vulnerveis m alimentao.