975 resultados para Vanhanen, Tatu: IQ


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O presente experimento, conduzido em Jaboticabal, SP, em Latossolo Vermelho Escuro, textura média, teve por objetivo verificar a interferência de plantas daninhas sobre aspectos da produção do amendoim. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 2x2x8. Constituíram variáveis duas variedades (Tatu e Tatui), dois espaçamentos entre sulcos de semeadura (0,4 e 0,6 m) e oito períodos de controle manual da comunidade infestante (sem controle e com controle até os 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 dias e até o final do ciclo da cultura, a partir da emergência do amendoim). A principal planta daninha presente na área experimental foi Pennisetum setosum e, nos espaçamentos de 0,4 e 0,6 m foram necessários 10 e 30 dias de controle, respectivamente, para reduzir significativamente a sua biomassa seca. O número de vagens por planta foi o principal parâmetro produtivo afetado pela interferência da comunidade infestante. Os espaçamentos utilizados não afetaram singnificativemente o período total de prevenção da interferência das plantas daninhas na produtividade do amendoim. Verificou-se que tal período foi de 10 e 20 dias para a variedade Tatuí e Tatu, respectivamente.

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Käytän pro gradu-tutkielmani aineistona opetushallituksen Tieto haltuun-hankkeen tutkimusaineistoa. Tutkimus organisoitiin Tampereen yliopiston toimesta paikallisessa lukiossa. Tarkastelen, miten kaksi kolmen oppilaan ryhmää selviytyvät yhteistoiminnallisen tiedonhankintaprosessin eri vaiheissa. Analyysi tutkimuksen prosessin vaiheista pohjautuu C.S.Brucen fenomenografisen, C.Kuhlthaun sosiokonstruktivistisen sekä L.Limbergin, O.Sundinin ja R.SäljÃn sosiokulttuuristen teorioiden viitekehyksiin sekä aiempiin tutkimuksiin aiheesta. Analysoin tiedonhankintavalmiuksille annettuihin kriteereihin ja omaan kirjastoammatilliseen asiantuntijuuteeni perustuen tutkimusaineistoa tapaustutkimuksen organisointiperiaatteita noudattaen sisällÃnanalyysi-menetelmällä. Tarkastelen lukiolaisten suuntautumista oppimistehtäviin heidän sitoutuneisuutensa perustalta syvähaastattelujen kautta. Lukiolaiset kuvailevat omien kokemustensa pohjalta, mitkä vaiheet he kokevat haasteellisina ja miten selviytyvät niistä yhteistoiminnallisessa tutkivan oppimisen prosessissa. Lukiolaiset kokivat tehtävän aloituksen vaikeaksi, mihin vaikutti osaksi ohjeistuksen puutteellisuus. Oppilaat kokivat lisäksi tiedonlähteiden keruun vaativaksi vaiheeksi, osa heistä myÃs lähdekriittisyyden tiedonlähteitä arvioidessaan ja valitessaan. Lukiolaiset tyÃstivät tehtävää etupäässä omiin osioihin jaettuina, jolloin yhteisÃllisen oppimisen lainalaisuudet eivät toteutuneet täysipainoisesti prosessissa. Oppilaat kokivat kuitenkin selviytyneensä menestyksekkäästi tiedonhankinnan haasteista projektissa. Erittelen myÃs aineenopettajien haastattelujen kautta, miten opettajien lausumat suhteutuvat oppilaiden toteutuneisiin yhteistoiminnallisiin informaatiokäytänteisiin. Opettajat arvioivat erityisesti oppilaiden tekstintyÃstämistaitojen ja kriittisyyden tiedonlähteitä kohtaan parantuneen prosessin aikana. Tutkielman tulokset korostavat tiedonhankintataitojen aseman merkittävyyttä toimijan yhteistoiminnallisissa oppimisympäristÃissä. Tietyt tiedonhallinnalliset valmiudet näyttävät osoittavan oppilaiden suhtautumista lähdekriittisyyteen ja sitoutumista projektin käytänteisiin, sillä monipuolisten informaatiokanavien käytÃn hallintaan edellytetään (meta)kognitiivisia taitoja monimutkaisissa ja informaatiolukutaitoa vaativissa formaaleissa ja informaaleissa ympäristÃissä. Moniääninen yhteistoiminnallinen keskustelukulttuuri ei näyttänyt toteutuvan täysipainoisesti ryhmien vuorovaikutustilanteissa koulun opiskelukäytänteissä.

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Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a seletividade de imazapic a dois cultivares de amendoim (Tatu Vermelho e IAC-5), em condições de ausência e de presença de palha de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi instalado em vasos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x2, com quatro repetições. Constituíram os fatores principais três doses de imazapic (0, 98 e 140 g ha-1), aplicadas em pré-emergência sobre duas condições de palha de cana-de-açúcar (0 e 15 t ha-1). Constatou-se que a camada de palha possui potencial em reter o herbicida, especialmente sob períodos de pouca precipitação ou irrigação; as plantas de amendoim sob esta condição apresentaram menos sintomas de intoxicação. Entretanto, na ausência da palha, as plantas, independentemente do cultivar, apresentaram maiores injúrias visuais e redução na altura, massa seca da parte aérea e raiz.

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Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a uniformidade da deposição de gotas de pulverização em plantas de amendoim e de Brachiaria plantaginea localizadas nas linhas e entrelinhas de semeadura da cultura. O experimento de campo foi realizado com a cultura de amendoim, cultivar IAC Tatu-ST. As pulverizações foram feitas com a cultura nos estádios vegetativo (V1) e reprodutivo (R2). Foi utilizado, como marcador das gotas depositadas, o corante Azul Brilhante (FD&C-1) na concentração de 500 ppm. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por sete pontas de pulverização: XR 110015 VS (150 L ha-1), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha-1), TX-VK 6 (150 L ha-1), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha-1), AI 110015 VS (150 L ha-1), AI11002 VS (200 L ha-1) e TJ60 11002 VS (150 e 200 L ha-1). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Para as análises qualitativas, os dados obtidos foram ajustados à curva de regressão pelo modelo de Gompertz. As pontas XR 11002 VS (200 L ha-1) e TX-VK 6 (150 L ha-1) proporcionaram as maiores uniformidades de distribuição da pulverização nas plantas de amendoim cultivar IAC Tatu ST nos estádios vegetativo (V1) e reprodutivo (R2), respectivamente. A uniformidade de deposição nas plantas de B. plantaginea teve grande variação nos depósitos unitários sobre as plantas localizadas na linha e entrelinha da cultura. Apenas a ponta XR 11002 VS (200 L ha¹) causa falhas de deposição em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento da B. plantaginea localizada na linha da cultura. Quanto às plantas localizadas na entrelinha, a maior eficiência das pontas de pulverização ocorre no estádio de 3-5 perfilhos.

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Objetivou-se avaliar a deposição de gotas de pulverização em plantas de amendoim (Aracahis hypogaea) e Brachiaria plantaginea, presentes na linha e entrelinhas de semeadura da cultura, além da deposição no solo. O estudo foi realizado em campo no cultivar de amendoim IAC Tatu-ST, sendo as aplicações dos tratamentos realizadas nos estádios vegetativo (V1) e reprodutivo (R2). Foi utilizado como marcador o corante Azul Brilhante (FD&C-1), na concentração de 500 ppm. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por sete pontas de pulverização: XR 110015 VS (150 L ha-1), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha-1), TX-VK 6 (150 L ha-1), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha-1), AI 110015 VS (150 L ha-1), AI11002 VS (200 L ha-1) e TJ60 11002 VS (150 e 200 L ha-1). Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os resultados evidenciaram que: a pulverização de maiores volumes de calda proporcionou incrementos nos depósitos sobre plantas do cultivar IAC Tatu ST em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura, com exceção das pontas XR 110015 VS e AI11002 VS nos estádios vegetativo (V1) e reprodutivo (R2) da cultura, respectivamente; as maiores perdas de gotas para o solo nas aplicações no estádio vegetativo (V1) foram proporcionadas pelas pontas AI 110015 VS e AI 11002 VS, e no estádio reprodutivo (R2) a ponta XR 11002 VS foi a que promoveu maior perda; e as pontas XR 11002 VS, AI 110015 VS e TJ60 11002 VS (150 L ha-1) proporcionaram os maiores depósitos nas plantas de B. plantaginea na linha em relação às da entrelinha da cultura nas aplicações no estádio vegetativo (V1), enquanto no estádio reprodutivo (R2) as pontas apresentaram comportamento semelhante entre si na deposição de gotas sobre a planta daninha.

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Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli hankkia tietoa tyÃntekijÃiden kokemasta tyÃilmapiiristä Karjalan lennostossa. Karjalan lennoston yleisen tyÃilmapiirin lisäksi selvitettiin tyÃilmapiirin mahdollisia toimialakohtaisia tunnuspiirteitä. Tätä varten luotiin kyselyaineistoon uusi toimialajako, joka muodostui neljästä ilmavoimien toimialasta: lentotoiminnasta, lentoteknillisestä toimialasta, johtamisjärjestelmätoimialasta ja hallinnon toimialasta. Näiden ohella tarkasteltiin tyÃilmapiiriä myÃs operatiivisten ja hallinnollisten tehtävien näkÃkulmasta. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin sekä määrällistä että laadullista tutkimusotetta. Määrällistä tutkimusotetta käytettiin vuoden 2006 puolustusvoimien tyÃilmapiirikyselyn uudelleen analysointiin ja laadullista tutkimusotetta tyÃilmapiirin yksilÃkohtaisten kokemusten selvittämiseen. Keskeisin tutkimusaineisto koostui Karjalan lennostossa toteutetuista 16 teemahaastattelusta, jotka analysoitiin sisällÃnanalyysillä. TyÃilmapiiri Karjalan lennostossa havaittiin hyväksi. Sen keskeisiä vahvuuksia olivat yhteishenki ja avoimuus. TyÃilmapiirin edelleen kehittäminen todettiin kuitenkin tärkeäksi tutkimuksessa havaittujen tyÃilmapiirin epäkohtien takia. TyÃmäärän ja kiireen jatkuva lisääntyminen koettiin ongelmana. MyÃs esimiesten riittämätÃn läsnäolo ja palkkauksen epäoikeudenmukaisuus heikensivät tyÃilmapiiriä. On tärkeää jatkaa tyÃilmapiirin tutkimista puolustusvoimissa. Puolustusvoimien tyÃilmapiirikysely soveltuu tehtävään hyvin ja sen tukena voidaan aika ajoin hyÃdyntää tässä tutkimuksessa käytettyä laadullista tutkimusotetta. Lisäksi jatkotutkimus operatiivisten ja hallinnollisten tehtävien erilaisten tyÃilmapiirikokemusten selvittämiseksi on suositeltavaa. Tutkimuksessa luotua toimialajakoa voidaan jatkossa käyttää osana puolustusvoimien tyÃilmapiirikyselyä.

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Musiikkiarvostelu

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Kun Israel julistautui 14.5.1948 itsenäiseksi valtioksi, oli Yhdysvallat ensimmäisenä valtiona tunnustamassa Israelin itsenäisyyden. MyÃhemmin kylmän sodan kilpailun ja Israelin arabimaita vastaan käymien sotien seurauksena, Yhdysvaltojen ja Israelin yhteistyà kasvoi, mistä alkoi valtioiden välisen erityissuhteen kehittymään nykyiseen tilaansa. Yhdysvaltojen ja Israelin erityissuhde perustuu vahvasti turvallisuuteen ja sillä on merkittävä asema Lähi-idän vakauden ja voimatasapainon kannalta. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tarkastella Yhdysvaltojen ja Israelin erityissuhdetta realismin ja voimatasapainoteorian näkÃkulmasta. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat erityissuhteen kehittymi-nen ja valtioiden välisen yhteistyÃn eri tasot. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa keskitytään Yhdysvaltojen ja Israelin uhkiin, sekä valtioiden yhteisiin ja kansallisiin tavoitteisiin, Lähi-idän voimatasapainoasetelmassa. Tutkimus-ongelmana on, miksi Yhdysvaltojen ja Israelin välillä on olemassa erityissuhde. Tutkimusaineistoa tarkastellaan sisällÃnanalyysin avulla. Tärkeimpinä lähteinä ovat Yhdysvaltojen ja Israelin hallintojen asiakirjat, tilastot sekä verkkosivut. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa käytetään uutisartikkeleita, sekä tutkimuskirjallisuutta aiheesta, johon sisältyvät myÃs luotettavaksi todetut politiikan tutkimukseen erikoistuneet aikakauslehdet. Tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan todeta, että Yhdysvaltojen ja Israelin erityissuhde on ainutlaatuinen maailman historiassa. Vaikka Lähiidän uhkakuvat ovatkin muuttuneet, erityissuh-de edelleen perustuu etenkin yhteisiin turvallisuusintresseihin, kuten Lähi-idän vakauden ylläpitämiseen. Erityissuhteesta huolimatta Yhdysvalloilla ja Israelilla on myÃs paljon ristirii-toja politiikassaan, mitkä johtuvat valtioiden eriävistä kansallisista tavoitteista Lähiidän turvallisuuspolitiikassa, mutta eivät toistaiseksi ole uhanneet erityissuhteen olemassaoloa.

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The aim of the present set of longitudinal studies was to explore 3-7-year-old children.s Spontaneous FOcusing on Numerosity (SFON) and its relation to early mathematical development. The specific goals were to capture in method and theory the distinct process by which children focus on numerosity as a part of their activities involving exact number recognition, and individual differences in this process that may be informative in the development of more complex number skills. Over the course of conducting the five studies, fifteen novel tasks were progressively developed for the SFON assessments. In the tasks, confounding effects of insufficient number recognition, verbal comprehension, other procedural skills as well as working memory capacity were aimed to be controlled. Furthermore, how children.s individual differences in SFON are related to their development of number sequence, subitizing-based enumeration, object counting and basic arithmetic skills was explored. The effect of social interaction on SFON was tested. Study I captured the first phase of the 3-year longitudinal study with 39 children. It was investigated whether there were differences in 3-year-old children.s tendency to focus on numerosity, and whether these differences were related to the children.s development of cardinality recognition skills from the age of 3 to 4 years. It was found that the two groups of children formed on the basis of their amount of SFON tendency at the age of 3 years differed in their development of recognising and producing small numbers. The children whose SFON tendency was very predominant developed faster in cardinality related skills from the age of 3 to 4 years than the children whose SFON tendency was not as predominant. Thus, children.s development in cardinality recognition skills is related to their SFON tendency. Studies II and III were conducted to investigate, firstly, children.s individual differences in SFON, and, secondly, whether children.s SFON is related to their counting development. Altogether nine tasks were designed for the assessments of spontaneous and guided focusing on numerosity. The longitudinal data of 39 children in Study II from the age of 3.5 to 6 years showed individual differences in SFON at the ages of 4, 5 and 6 years, as well as stability in children.s SFON across tasks used at different ages. The counting skills were assessed at the ages of 3.5, 5 and 6 years. Path analyses indicated a reciprocal tendency in the relationship between SFON and counting development. In Study III, these results on the individual differences in SFON tendency, the stability of SFON across different tasks and the relationship of SFON and mathematical skills were confirmed by a larger-scale cross-sectional study of 183 on average 6.5-year-old children (range 6;0-7;0 years). The significant amount of unique variance that SFON accounted for number sequence elaboration, object counting and basic arithmetic skills stayed statistically significant (partial correlations varying from .27 to .37) when the effects of non-verbal IQ and verbal comprehension were controlled. In addition, to confirm that the SFON tasks assess SFON tendency independently from enumeration skills, guided focusing tasks were used for children who had failed in SFON tasks. It was explored whether these children were able to proceed in similar tasks to SFON tasks once they were guided to focus on number. The results showed that these children.s poor performance in the SFON tasks was not caused by their deficiency in executing the tasks but on lacking focusing on numerosity. The longitudinal Study IV of 39 children aimed at increasing the knowledge of associations between children.s long-term SFON tendency, subitizing-based enumeration and verbal counting skills. Children were tested twice at the age of 4-5 years on their SFON, and once at the age of 5 on their subitizing-based enumeration, number sequence production, as well as on their skills for counting of objects. Results showed considerable stability in SFON tendency measured at different ages, and that there is a positive direct association between SFON and number sequence production. The association between SFON and object counting skills was significantly mediated by subitizing-based enumeration. These results indicate that the associations between the child.s SFON and sub-skills of verbal counting may differ on the basis of how significant a role understanding the cardinal meanings of number words plays in learning these skills. The specific goal of Study V was to investigate whether it is possible to enhance 3-year old children.s SFON tendency, and thus start children.s deliberate practice in early mathematical skills. Participants were 3-year-old children in Finnish day care. The SFON scores and cardinality-related skills of the experimental group of 17 children were compared to the corresponding results of the 17 children in the control group. The results show an experimental effect on SFON tendency and subsequent development in cardinality-related skills during the 6-month period from pretest to delayed posttest in the children with some initial SFON tendency in the experimental group. Social interaction has an effect on children.s SFON tendency. The results of the five studies assert that within a child.s existing mathematical competence, it is possible to distinguish a separate process, which refers to the child.s tendency to spontaneously focus on numerosity. Moreover, there are significant individual differences in children.s SFON at the age of 3-7 years. Moderate stability was found in this tendency across different tasks assessed both at the same and at different ages. Furthermore, SFON tendency is related to the development of early mathematical skills. Educational implications of the findings emphasise, first, the importance of regarding focusing on numerosity as a separate, essential process in the assessments of young children.s mathematical skills. Second, the substantial individual differences in SFON tendency during the childhood years suggest that uncovering and modeling this kind of mathematically meaningful perceiving of the surroundings and tasks could be an efficient tool for promoting young children.s mathematical development, and thus prevent later failures in learning mathematical skills. It is proposed to consider focusing on numerosity as one potential sub-process of activities involving exact number recognition in future studies.

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Analysoin tutkielmassani suomalaisten kansanedustajien poliitikko-sivujen soveltumista kansanedustajien viestintävälineeksi. Pyrin selvittämään, valjastavatko perinteiset poliittiset toimijat samoja sosiaalisen median toimintoja, joita erityisesti epähierarkkiset, uusyhteisÃlliset ja spontaanit kansalaisliikkeet ovat pystyneet käyttämään poliittiseen mobilisaatioon 2000-luvulla, ja miten he ottavat huomioon käyttämänsä Web 2.0 âympäristÃn yleiset ominaisuudet. Apunani aineiston erittelyssä käytän Jay David Bolterin ja Richard Grusinin jo 1990-luvulla lanseeraamaa remediaation teoriaa sekä Axel Brunsin esittämiä käyttäjätuotannon perusperiaatteita. Bruns haastaa perinteisestä tuotantomallista hyÃtyvät sisällÃntuottajat analyysillään käyttäjätuotannosta ja sen aiheuttamista muutoksista tulevaisuuden poliittisessa toimintakulttuurissa. Hän kategorisoi Web 2.0 âajan teknologioiden myÃtä syntyneiden julkaisumahdollisuuksien seurauksia perinteiselle hierarkkiselle sisällÃntuotannolle käyttäjätuotannon neljän perusperiaatteen avulla. Bolter ja Grusin taas analysoivat mediaympäristÃä remediaation kautta esittäen, että jokainen mediamuoto lainaa ja remedioi aikaisempien medioiden sisältÃjä ja ominaisuuksia pyrkiessään kohti välittÃmämpää ja hypermedioituneempaa ilmaisua. Teorioiden avulla sekä kuvaan sosiaalisen median toiminnallisia ominaisuuksia että kategorisoin poliittisen viestinnän tuotteita sekä niiden takana piileviä motiiveja. Tutkielman materiaalina käytän kahdeksantoista suosituimman kansanedustajan poliitikko-sivujen sisältÃjä. Perehdyn sekä sivuille julkaistuun alkuperäissisältÃÃn että niiden aikaansaamaan keskusteluun kansanedustajien osalta. Kohtaan tutkielman aikana historiografisia ongelmia dynaamisten ja muuttuvien sisältÃjen kanssa tyÃskennellessäni, mistä johtuen erittelen myÃs digitaalisen historiantutkimuksen erityispiirteitä. Bolterin ja Grusinin sekä Brunsin teorioihin sisältyvien teemojen lisäksi otannasta erottuu toistuvia aihepiirejä, joista merkittävimmät ovat poliitikon julkisuuden ja yksityisyyden välinen jännite, perinteisen vahvan poliitikon roolin kohtaamat haasteet puoluepoliittisten toimijoiden piirin ulkopuolelta, jatkuvan kampanjoinnin tarve sosiaalisen median aikakautena sekä rajattujen yleisÃjen katoaminen verkkoviestinnän avoimuuden ja esteettÃmyyden takia. Tutkielma osoittaa, että vaikka aktiivisimmat poliitikko-sivut imitoivat joissain määrin Brunsin esittämää käyttäjätuotantoa kommunikoidessaan palvelun käyttäjien kanssa, ne eivät tunnusta kaikkia Brunsin käyttäjätuotantoprojekteille asettamia perusperiaatteita. Eduskuntalaitoksen hierarkkisuuteen ja kansanedustajakauden aikaiseen tyÃrauhaan ei pystytä vaikuttamaan viestinnän kautta. Tutkielma osoittaa myÃs, että poliitikko-sivut hyväksikäyttävät remediaatiota välittääkseen Facebookin käyttäjille haluamiansa sisältÃjä muista digitaalisista lähteistä ja luodakseen niiden ympärille oman viestintänsä kannalta heitä hyÃdyttävän näkÃkulman. Molemmat teoriat soveltuvat hyvin tutkittujen poliitikkojen viestinnän erittelyyn. Tutkielman aikana havaitsen kolme erilaista suhtautumistapaa Facebookiin. Autioiden sivujen omistajat eivät käytä sivujaan viestintävälineenä. Passiiviset sisällÃn tuottajat välittävät sivujensa kautta sisältÃä vertikaalisesti kuitenkaan ottamatta kontaktia käyttäjiin. Aktiiviset sisältÃihin osallistujat käyttävät Facebookia monipuolisesti keskustelemalla ja argumentoimalla sisällÃissään käyttäjien kanssa sekä antamalla näille tunnustusta sen ollessa perusteltua.

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Large-scale genome projects have generated a rapidly increasing number of DNA sequences. Therefore, development of computational methods to rapidly analyze these sequences is essential for progress in genomic research. Here we present an automatic annotation system for preliminary analysis of DNA sequences. The gene annotation tool (GATO) is a Bioinformatics pipeline designed to facilitate routine functional annotation and easy access to annotated genes. It was designed in view of the frequent need of genomic researchers to access data pertaining to a common set of genes. In the GATO system, annotation is generated by querying some of the Web-accessible resources and the information is stored in a local database, which keeps a record of all previous annotation results. GATO may be accessed from everywhere through the internet or may be run locally if a large number of sequences are going to be annotated. It is implemented in PHP and Perl and may be run on any suitable Web server. Usually, installation and application of annotation systems require experience and are time consuming, but GATO is simple and practical, allowing anyone with basic skills in informatics to access it without any special training. GATO can be downloaded at [http://mariwork.iq.usp.br/gato/]. Minimum computer free space required is 2 MB.

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The objective of the present study was to examine gender differences in the influence of paternal alcoholism on children's social-emotional development and to determine whether paternal alcoholism is associated with a greater number of externalizing symptoms in the male offspring. From the Mannheim Study of Risk Children, an ongoing longitudinal study of a high-risk population, the developmental data of 219 children [193 (95 boys and 98 girls) of non-alcoholic fathers, non-COAs, and 26 (14 boys, 12 girls) of alcoholic fathers, COAs] were analyzed from birth to the age of 11 years. Paternal alcoholism was defined according to the ICD-10 categories of alcohol dependence and harmful use. Socio-demographic data, cognitive development, number and severity of behavior problems, and gender-related differences in the rates of externalizing and internalizing symptoms were assessed using standardized instruments (IQ tests, Child Behavior Checklist questionnaire and diagnostic interviews). The general linear model analysis revealed a significant overall effect of paternal alcoholism on the number of child psychiatric problems (F = 21.872, d.f. = 1.217, P < 0.001). Beginning at age 2, significantly higher numbers of externalizing symptoms were observed among COAs. In female COAs, a pattern similar to that of the male COAs emerged, with the predominance of delinquent and aggressive behavior. Unlike male COAs, females showed an increase of internalizing symptoms up to age 11 years. Of these, somatic complaints revealed the strongest discriminating effect in 11-year-old females. Children of alcoholic fathers are at high risk for psychopathology. Gender-related differences seem to exist and may contribute to different phenotypes during development from early childhood to adolescence.

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Experiential marketing is increasingly seen as a new magical key to consumersâ hearts. Brands are turning brick-and-mortar stores into state of the art retail spaces where memorable experiences and strong brand relationships are hoped to be born. Around the globe, several brands have opened up a special format of stores â the experience store. Although many speculations on the positive effects of experiences have been presented, few studies have provided empirical, quantified evidence for the link between store experiences and brand success. In consequence, research was needed to find out whether experience stores truly are so special. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether store experiences are capable of building brands and influencing store performance. For this purpose, empirical research was conducted in the Samsung Experience Store Helsinki. As main constructs of the study, store experience, brand equity, store performance, and product class involvement were measured, along with relevant background variables. Data was collected with an electronic survey from actual customers of the store, resulting in a sample of 131 respondents. Partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS) was used for the analysis of the research model. Also, regression analysis was conducted to account for mediation and moderation effects. The results showed that store experiences do positively influence first, store performance, and second, separate dimensions of brand equity (that is, brand awareness, brand personality, and brand loyalty). Also, the effect of store experiences on store performance was found to be mediated by brand equity. Interestingly, customersâ product class involvement was detected to moderate the effect of store experience on store performance. That is, those who were highly involved with electronics had greater store experiences, and also displayed a stronger linkage between store experience and store performance. The results encourage marketers to continue with efforts to create great experiences for their customers. Experience stores can â and should be seen â as both powerful brand building tools and profitable sales channels. The creation of exceptional experiences can act as an important function of physical stores in the face of severe online competition.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of the direct addition of pentoxifylline (PF) to the ejaculates of men with poor sperm quality before freezing on post-thaw sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and agonist-induced acrosome reaction. Semen specimens from 16 infertile men with impaired sperm count and motility (oligoasthenozoospermia) were divided into two equal aliquots: one received no treatment (control) while the other was incubated with 5 mM PF (treated). Both aliquots were cryopreserved by the liquid nitrogen vapor method. Motility was assessed according to WHO criteria. Acrosome integrity and spontaneous and calcium ionophore-induced acrosome reactions were assessed with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin combined with a supra-vital dye (Hoechst-33258). Cryopreservation impaired sperm motility (percentage reduction: 87.4 (interquartile range, IQ: 70.3-92.9) vs 89.1 (IQ: 72.7-96.0%)), viability (25.9 (IQ: 22.2-29.7) vs 25.6 (IQ: 19.7-40.3%)) and acrosome integrity (18.9 (IQ: 5.4-38.9) vs 26.8 (IQ: 0.0-45.2%)) to the same extent in both treated and control aliquots. However, PF treatment before freezing improved the acrosome reaction to ionophore challenge test scores in cryopreserved spermatozoa (9.7 (IQ: 6.6-19.7) vs 4.8 (IQ: 0.5-6.8%); P = 0.002). These data show that pre-freeze treatment of poor quality human sperm with pentoxifylline did not improve post-thaw motility or viability nor did it prevent acrosomal loss during the freeze-thaw process. However, PF, as used, improved the ability of thawed spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction in response to calcium ionophore. The present data indicate that treatment of poor quality human sperm with PF may enhance post-thaw sperm fertilizing ability.

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More than any other low- and middle-income country, Brazil has the longest research tradition of establishing, maintaining and exploiting birth cohort studies. This research pedigree is highlighted in the present issue of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, which contains a series of twelve papers from the Ribeirão Preto and São Luis birth cohort studies from the Southeast and Northeast of Brazil, respectively. The topics covered in this raft of reports vary and include predictors of perinatal health and maternal risk factors, early life determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence, use of health services, and a description of dietary characteristics of young adults, amongst other topics. There is also a guide to the background, objectives, sampling and protocols employed across these studies, which, together with similar pieces published in past issues of the Brazilian Journal, serve as a very useful starting point, particularly for potential collaborators. In the fervent hope that further follow-up of these cohorts will take place - we provide our own justification for cohort maintenance and extension in this issue - future data collection could include: genetic material, atherosclerosis, ascertained, for instance, by intima-media thickness, and IQ testing in children - scores from which are emerging as potentially important predictors of adult health outcomes up to six decades later.