The viability of subcarrier modulation for enhancing the performance of installed-base MMF links

The technique of Subcarrier Modulation is assessed by statistical analysis as a viable solution to broadband data transmission over dispersion limited multimode fibre. It is shown that a suitable passband region for transmission of 2.5 Gb/s channels exists at 5 GHz in greater than 80% of worst-case fibres under standard SMF/MMF launch conditions. ©2002 Optical Society of America.

龙陵黄山羊遗传多样性同功酶电泳研究

采用常规水平式淀粉胶蛋白电泳技术，对３８只龙陵黄山羊个体的３９个遗传座位的血液同功酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现，ＡＫＰ、ＣＥＳ－Ｉ、ＥＳＤ、ＧＯＩ、ＬＡＰ、ＭＤＨ、ＭＥ和ＮＰ等８个座位具多态性，多态座位ＡＫＰＯ、ＣＥＳ－ＩＩ、ＦＳＤＡ、ＧＯＩＢ、ＬＡＰＡ、ＭＤＨＡ、ＭＥＡ和ＮＰＡ的基因频率较高；多态座位百分比Ｐ＝０２０５１，平均杂合度Ｈ＝００９０６±００２６５。结果表明，云南龙陵黄山羊与已检测的其它山羊比较，遗传多样性水平较高

无指盘臭蛙分泌肽及其基因和在制药中的应用

本发明涉及一种无指盘臭蛙分泌肽及其基因和在制药中的应用，属于生物医学领域。该活性多肽是从中国两栖类动物无指盘臭蛙基因编码的一种环状多肽，分子量1587.98道尔顿，等电点9.7，多肽全序列一级结构为： Phe Met Pro Ile Leu Ser Cys Ser Arg Phe Lys Arg Cys，其第七位半胱氨酸和第十三位半胱氨酸相成分子内二硫键。编码无指盘臭蛙分泌肽的基因由300个核苷酸组成，其中编码成熟无指盘臭蛙分泌肽为第138-177位核苷酸。人工合成的无指盘臭蛙分泌肽具有显著的抑制细菌和真菌生长的作用，可以作为制备病原微生物感染疾病的治疗药物被应用。本发明的无指盘臭蛙分泌肽具有结构简单、人工合成方便、抗菌谱系广的有益特点。

镇源县发现山羊斯氏多头蚴病

镇源县发现山羊斯氏多头蚴病李建国，徐世山，黄文忠，田保平（云南省思茅地区畜牧兽医站）１９９４年秋冬季，在云南省镇源县黄草岭畜牧场先后发现１３只山羊长有核桃至鸡蛋大、个别可达拳头大的皮下囊包。多数患畜２～３个，个别可达６～７个。患畜均系１岁以上成年母羊...

P-糖蛋白的研究进展

P-糖蛋白是一类能量依赖性的转运蛋白,能将许多结构不同的化合物逆向转运出细胞。P-糖蛋白的过表达与肿瘤细胞的多药耐药性(Multidrug Resistance,MDR)密切相关,是导致肿瘤化疗失败的主要原因。随着对MDR机制认识的深入,已针对P-糖蛋白的结构设计出多种形式的MDR逆转药物。近年研究发现,P-糖蛋白广泛存在于正常的组织和器官,参与药物和内、外源毒素的吸收、分布和排泄,行使解毒和防御保护的功能。因此,通过转植P-糖蛋白基因可有效地降低经济鱼类、虾等水产品和经济作物中有毒污染物的积累,对保护人

A critical analysis of loudness calculation methods

The physical meaning and methods of determining loudness were reviewed Loudness is a psychoacoustic metric which closely corresponds to the perceived intensity of a sound stimulus. It can be determined by graphical procedures, numerical methods, or by commercial software. These methods typically require the consideration of the 1/3 octave band spectrum of the sound of interest. The sounds considered in this paper are a 1 kHz tone and pink noise. The loudness of these sounds was calculated in eight ways using different combinations of input data and calculation methods. All the methods considered are based on Zwicker loudness. It was determined that, of the combinations considered, only the commercial software dBSonic and the loudness calculation procedure detailed in DIN 45631 using 1/3 octave band levels filtered using ANSI S1.11-1986 gave the correct values of loudness for a 1 kHz tone. Comparing the results between the sources also demonstrated the difference between sound pressure level and loudness. It was apparent that the calculation and filtering methods must be considered together, as a given calculation will produce different results for different 1/3 octave band input. In the literature reviewed, no reference provided a guide to the selection of the type of filtering that should be used in conjunction with the loudness computation method.

Fracture Properties of LPCVD Silicon Nitride and Thermally Grown Silicon Oxide Thin Films From the Load-Deflection of Long Si3N4 and SiO2/Si3N4 Diaphragms

The bulge test is successfully extended to the determination of the fracture properties of silicon nitride and oxide thin films. This is achieved by using long diaphragms made of silicon nitride single layers and oxide/nitride bilayers, and applying comprehensive mechanical model that describes the mechanical response of the diaphragms under uniform differential pressure. The model is valid for thin films with arbitrary z-dependent plane-strain modulus and prestress, where z denotes the coordinate perpendicular to the diaphragm. It takes into account the bending rigidity and stretching stiffness of the layered materials and the compliance of the supporting edges. This enables the accurate computation of the load-deflection response and stress distribution throughout the composite diaphragm as a function of the load, in particular at the critical pressure leading to the fracture of the diaphragms. The method is applied to diaphragms made of single layers of 300-nm-thick silicon nitride deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and composite diaphragms of silicon nitride grown on top of thermal silicon oxide films produced by wet thermal oxidation at 950 degrees C and 1050 degrees C with target thicknesses of 500, 750, and 1000 mn. All films characterized have an amorphous structure. Plane-strain moduli E-ps and prestress levels sigma(0) of 304.8 +/- 12.2 GPa and 1132.3 +/- 34.4 MPa, respectively, are extracted for Si3N4, whereas E-ps = 49.1 +/- 7.4 GPa and sigma(0) = -258.6 +/- 23.1 MPa are obtained for SiO2 films. The fracture data are analyzed using the standardized form of the Weibull distribution. The Si3N4 films present relatively high values of maximum stress at fracture and Weibull moduli, i.e., sigma(max) = 7.89 +/- 0.23 GPa and m = 50.0 +/- 3.6, respectively, when compared to the thermal oxides (sigma(max) = 0.89 +/- 0.07 GPa and m = 12.1 +/- 0.5 for 507-nm-thick 950 degrees C layers). A marginal decrease of sigma(max) with thickness is observed for SiO2, with no significant differences between the films grown at 950 degrees C and 1050 degrees C. Weibull moduli of oxide thin films are found to lie between 4.5 +/- 1.2 and 19.8 +/- 4.2, depending on the oxidation temperature and film thickness.

Narrow line-width resonant cavity enhanced photodetectors operating at 1.55 mu m

A method for fabrication of long-wavelength narrow line-width InGaAs resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) photodetectors in a silicon substrate operating at the wavelength range of 1.3-1.6 mu m has been developed. A full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.7 nm and a peak responsivity of 0. 16 A/W at the resonance wavelength of 1.55 mu m have been accomplished by using a thick InP layer as part of the resonant cavity. The effects of roughness and tilt of the InP layer surface, and its free carrier absorption, as well as the thickness deviation of the mirror pair on the resonance wavelength shift and the peak quantum efficiency of the RCE photodetectors are analyzed in detail, and approaches for minimizing them toward superior performance are suggested. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

两种端乙炔基芳醚砜单体的核磁研究双端乙炔基芳醚砜溶液聚合反应和催化剂的研究非等温DSC法测双[4－（4－乙炔基苯氧基）苯基]砜（酮）的本体聚合反应动力学

本工作对下面两种端乙炔基芳醚砜单体的核磁共振谱进行了研究。通过加入位移试剂Eu（fod）_3引起共振吸收峰化学位移值的变化趋热及同核去偶，'H选择质子去偶的方法分别对其'H谱和~(13)C谱（COM）做了归属。在确认对化合物＜I＞'H谱和~(13)C谱（COM）归属的基础上，演绎出三种苯环上取代基团的'H和~(13)C化学位移取代参数。这些基团的取代参数目前在文献中尚未见报导，用这些参数来计算化的＜II＞的'H和~(13)C谱（COM）化学位移值时，与观测值有较好的吻合。本工作对双[4－（4－乙炔基苯氧基）苯基]砜的溶液聚合反就（DMSO）作溶剂、PdCl_2·2DMSO作催化剂）进行了研究。采用高压液体色谱和旋转薄层色谱分离反应的各种中间产物，通过中间产物的红外和'HNMR谱变化，演绎聚合反应的历程，还在'H核磁谱仪样品管内做了短时间反应，跟踪记录反应信息。聚合产物自始至终可分为溶于二氯甲烷和不溶于二氯甲烷两部分。在整个反应过程中，可溶性产物逐渐转变成不溶性产物，色谱分析表明可溶性产物是由未反应的单体、线型及环状低聚物、聚合度在9－10的齐聚物和少量聚合度更高的组分构成的。从称重测量不溶性产物所占比重和可溶性产物的高压液体色谱诸吸收峰峰高的变化，推算出聚合反应过程中单体、主要中间产物的变化趋势。可溶性产物的红外光谱中2920、1665－25、960－930、890，760－730 cm~(-1)吸收峰和'HNMR谱中的5.3, 3.5ppm吸收表明产物具有共轭多烯结构。'HNMR谱在芳核质子区出现7.7ppm吸收峰表明反应初期已有环化现象，这点与本体聚合反应是不同的。不溶性产物除聚合度或交联度高以外，与可溶性产物在结构上也有差异，其芳化程度高很多。从不同反应时间中间产物的红外和'HNMR谱（可溶部分）变化，显示了溶液聚合反应历程十分复杂，同时存在着几种反应。主反应是氯化钯络合物引发的配位络合聚合反应，钯络合物与单体的端乙炔基络合生成活性中心，三键在顺式位打开，生成共轭多烯增长链。链增长过程中伴随着热引起的多烯链顺－反异构化，部分反式多烯分子内环化，继而脱质于芳化生成三取代苯形式的环交联，芳化过程中可发生链的局部断裂。最终产物是共轭多烯链间通过芳环，炔烯桥交联成的体型聚合物。多烯和端乙炔基之间，多烯－多烯之间可发生Diels-Alder反应，因此溶液聚合产物再经短时间热处理，芳化程度增高，玻璃化温度大幅度提高。另外还研究了反应的溶剂效应和增加因含量对反应产率的影响，发现用氯仿和二氯甲烷作溶剂有利于共轭多烯链的顺－反异构化，固含量在2.25－11.25％范围，聚合产率变化不大。本文还对适用于双端炔基聚合反应的催化剂作了广泛的试探，首先考察了若干钯络合物，发现除PdCl_2·2DMSO外，PdCl_2·2MeCN、PdCl_2·2PhCN络合物也可作为双端炔基芳醚砜溶液聚合的催化剂。钴、镍的膦络合物[Co(PPh_3)_2]Cl_2、[Ni(PPh_3)_2]Cl_2可使双端炔基芳醚砜环化生成环状低聚物。极性溶剂四氢呋，二氧六环。氯仿和三氯甲烷可以用作Ziegler-Natta催化剂聚合双端炔基芳醚砜的溶剂。用AlEt_3-Ti(OBu)_4催化得到的聚合物以顺式多烯为主，玻璃化浊度高于250℃，热形变稳定性好。Al/Ti比在6－8时催化活性较高。用稀土体系的Ziegler-Natta催化剂AlEt_3-NdCl_3·2THF、AlEt_3－（CF_3COO）_3Nd也可得到类似的催化效果。制备了以双氰为配位基的高分子－钯络合物，在催化双端炔基单体聚合时具有与类似的低分子钯络合物PdCl_2·2MeCN相近的效果。改变高分子催化剂的N／Pd比未出现明显的活性高峰。这部分工作还有待深入，予期在进一步深入研究之后，该高分子催化剂可用于制备双端乙炔基芒醚砜增强复合材料的连续化浸渍工序，让单体的氯仿溶液流经高分子－钯络合物填充的柱子形成齐聚物后，再浸渍涂层，可缩短成型的热固化时间，具有较大的经济意义。用非等温DSC法测定了双[4-(4-乙炔基苯氧（基)苯基]砜和双[4-(4-乙炔基苯氧基)苯基]酮的本体热聚合及有PdCl_2·2DMSO存在下的催化聚合的反劝力学参数，并与文献报导的（3－乙炔基苯氧基）苯模型物和双[4－（3－乙炔基苯氧基）苯基]砜的本体热聚合反应动力学参数进行比较。经电子计算机最小二乘曲线拟合程序汞得的结果表明表现反就活化能Eap，指数前因子A均与DSC的升温速率和转化率无关。讨论了模型物端乙炔基的位置和链上砜基，羰基的存在对聚合反应的影响，还通过对DSC升温过程中试样的红外光谱跟踪，解释了DSC峰表征的化学反应。

茚基稀土铁双核配合物的合成

本文通过元素分析，红外光谱，垫失重，质谱，核磁共振以及电子能谱的测定，确认合成了下述两种新型的过程金属稀土有机配合物：<1> NdCl_3 + NaCaH_7 →~(THF) C_9H_7NdCl_2·nC_4H_8O C_9H_7NdCl_2 · nC_4H_8O + NaFeC_5H_5 (co)_2·mC_4H_8O →~(THF) Na[C_9H_7NdCl_2Fe(co)_2C_5H_5]·C_4H_8O <2> SmCl_3 + NaC_9H_7 →~(LiCl)_(THF) C_9H_7SmCl_2·(LiCl)_2·nC_4H_8O C_9H_7SmCl_2·(LiCl)_2·nC_9H_8O + NaFe(co)_2C_5H_5·mC_4H_8O → Li_2[(C_9H_7SmCl_3·Fe(co)_2C_5H_5]·C_4H_8O这些化合物可涂于四氢呋喃，氯仿，丙酮，三氯乙酸，吡喀算溶剂，不溶于四氯化碳，汽油，笨等涤剂。对水和空气敏感，同硝酸发生激烈的反应。化合物的红外光谱图中1010cm~(-1)，865cm~(-1)为茚基特征吸收峰，1045cm~(-1), 910cm~(-1)为四氢呋喃分子的特征吸收峰。化合物垫失重图中出现了脱去一个四氢呋喃分子和两个羰基的垫失重谱。本文制备配体GH_7LnCl_2nTHF过程中，合成了一类新型的离子型金属有机配合物。通过元素分析，热失重，红外光谱的测定，确定了合成的化合物组成为[Na[C_4H_8O)_6][(CGH_7)_3Ln)_2Cl] 2 LnCl_3 + 6 NaC_9H_7 →~(THF) [(CGH_7)_3Ln)_2Cl][Na(C_4H_8O)_6] Ln = Nd, Sm 并测得了其晶体结构，Nd[Sm]的晶胞参数为：a = 12.553[12.550](A) b = 12.696 [12.653] (A) c = 10.630 [10.608] (A) α = 97.37 [97.76] (°) β = 91.65 [91.83] (°) γ = 87.19 [86.76] (°) V = 1672.4 [1665.9] (°)此类化合物的晶胞体积有V_(Nd) > V_(Sm)现象，符合镧系收缩的规律。化合物热失重图中表明，有27.5%的失重，相当于失去了六个四氢呋喃分子。化合物的红外光谱图中，1015cm~(-1), 865cm~(-1)为茚基特征吸收峰1055cm~(-1), 910cm~(-1)为四氢呋喃分子的特征吸收峰。这些化合物溶于四氢呋喃，不溶于汽油。对水和空气敏感。