367 resultados para Uˆnnepi kötet Honti László tiszteletére
Resumo:
A pronknt sszehasonltott alternatvk rangsorolsnak problmja egyarnt felmerl a szavazselmlet, a statisztika, a tudomnymetria, a pszicholgia s a sport terletn. A nemzetkzi szakirodalom alapjn rszletesen ttekintjk a megoldsi lehetsgeket, bemutatjuk a gyakorlati alkalmazsok sorn fellp krdsek kezelsnek, a vals adatoknak megfelel matematikai krnyezet felptsnek mdjait. Kiemelten trgyaljuk a pros sszehasonltsi mtrix megadst, az egyes pontozsi eljrsokat s azok kapcsolatt. A tanulmny elmleti szempontbl vizsglja a Perron-Frobenius ttelen alapul invarins, fair bets, PageRank, valamint az irnytott grfok cscsainak rangsorolsra javasolt internal slackening s pozcis er mdszereket. A kzlk trtn vlasztshoz az axiomatikus megkzeltst ajnljuk, ennek keretben bemutatjuk az invarins s a fair bets eljrsok karakterizcijt, s kitrnk a mdszerek vitathat tulajdonsgaira. _____ The ranking of the alternatives or selecting the best one are fundamental issues of social choice theory, statistics, psychology and sport. Different solution concepts, and various mathematical models of applications are reviewed based on the international literature. We are focusing on the denition of paired comparison matrix, on main scoring procedures and their relation. The paper gives a theoretical analysis of the invariant, fair bets and PageRank methods, which are founded on Perron-Frobenius theorem, as well as the internal slackening and positional power procedures used for ranking the nodes of a directed graph. An axiomatic approach is proposed for the choice of an appropriate method. Besides some known characterizations for the invariant and fair bets methods, we also discuss the violation of some properties, meaning their main weakness.
Resumo:
Raster graphic ampelometric software was not exclusively developed for the estimation of leaf area, but also for the characterization of grapevine (Viti vinifera L.) leaves. The software was written in C-Hprogramming language, using the C-1-1- Builder 2007 for Windows 95-XP and Linux operation systems. It handles desktop-scanned images. On the image analysed with the GRA.LE.D., the user has to determine 11 points. These points are then connected and the distances between them calculated. The GRA.LE.D. software supports standard ampelometric measurements such as leaf area, angles between the veins and lengths of the veins. These measurements are recorded by the software and exported into plain ASCII text files for single or multiple samples. Twenty-two biometric data points of each leaf are identified by the GRA.LE.D. It presents the opportunity to statistically analyse experimental data, allows comparison of cultivars and enables graphic reconstruction of leaves using the Microsoft Excel Chart Wizard. The GRA. LE.D. was thoroughly calibrated and compared to other widely used instruments and methods such as photo-gravimetry, LiCor L0100, WinDIAS2.0 and ImageTool. By comparison, the GRA.LE.D. presented the most accurate measurements of leaf area, but the LiCor L0100 and the WinDIAS2.0 were faster, while the photo-gravimetric method proved to be the most time-consuming. The WinDIAS2.0 instrument was the least reliable. The GRA.LE.D. is uncomplicated, user-friendly, accurate, consistent, reliable and has wide practical application.
Resumo:
In finance risk capital allocation raises important questions both from theoretical and practical points of view. How to share risk of a portfolio among its subportfolios? How to reserve capital in order to hedge existing risk and how to assign this to different business units? We use an axiomatic approach to examine risk capital allocation, that is we call for fundamental properties of the methods. Our starting point is Cska and Pintr (2011) who show by generalizing Young (1985)'s axiomatization of the Shapley value that the requirements of Core Compatibility, Equal Treatment Property and Strong Monotonicity are irreconcilable given that risk is quantified by a coherent measure of risk. In this paper we look at these requirements using analytic and simulations tools. We examine allocation methods used in practice and also ones which are theoretically interesting. Our main result is that the problem raised by Cska and Pintr (2011) is indeed relevant in practical applications, that is it is not only a theoretical problem. We also believe that through the characterizations of the examined methods our paper can serve as a useful guide for practitioners.
Resumo:
The aim of this article is to evaluate the situation of the Central and Eastern European countries within the EU on the 10th anniversary of the Eastern Enlargement. Since 2004, the region has shown a trend to catch up with Western Europe in terms of both employment and economic performance. However, the financial and economic crisis which started in 2008 disrupted the previous trends of convergence for some, and greater differences emerged between individual countries' performances. The eastward enlargement has practically doubled labour mobility within the EU, and this phenomenon is likely to be sustained as long as income disparities between Member States persist. The 2004 and 2007 enlargements brought more welfare to the countries receiving mobile workers, whereas countries of origin bear the real risks of labour mobility from east to west. Today, it can be said that most of the newer Member States, irrespective of the varying speeds of convergence have developed within the EU as an 'inner periphery'. In order to make better use of the potential for economic growth in Central-Eastern Europe, investing in human capital should become a priority. The major question for the second decade of our enlarged European Union - aside from the reform of the monetary union - is whether the EUs eastern region can continue to catch up without the internal socio-economic polarisation observed thus far, and whether the latter process can in fact be reversed.
Resumo:
The potential future distribution of four Mediterranean pines was aimed to be modeled supported by EUFORGEN digital area database (distribution maps), ESRI ArcGIS 10 softwares Spatial Analyst module (modeling environment), PAST (calibration of the model with statistical method), and REMO regional climate model (climatic data). The studied species were Pinus brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, and Pinus pinea. The climate data were available in a 25 km resolution grid for the reference period (1961-90) and two future periods (2011-40, 2041-70). The climate model was based on the IPCC SRES A1B scenario. The model results show explicit shift of the distributions to the north in case of three of the four studied species. The future (2041-70) climate of Western Hungary seems to be suitable for Pinus pinaster.
Resumo:
A szmviteli szablyozsok kztti eltrsek oda vezethetnek, hogy ugyanarrl a gazdlkod egysg, egyazon idszakrl, akr jelentsen is eltr, s az adott szablyozsi logika alapjn helyes pnzgyi kimutatsok kszlnek. Ezek a sokszor materilis eltrsek nehezen magyarzhatk, ha figyelembe vesszk azt a tnyt is, hogy a klnbz pnzgyi kimutatsok mgtt azonos gazdasgi esemnyek hzdnak meg. Az eltrsek a szmviteli szablyozs klnbsgeivel magyarzhatk. A cikk feltrja, hogy a szmviteli szablyozsnak milyen szintjeit lehet megklnbztetni, s vizsglja, hogy milyen tnyezk vezettek el oda, hogy az egyes megkzeltsek akr marknsan eltr megoldsokat knlnak egy-egy adott vagyoni elem megjelentsre s rtkelsre, illetve egy tranzakci megjelentsre. A cikk az egyes eltrseket indukl tnyezk rendszerezse tjn megksrel deduktv ton becslst adni a szmviteli harmonizci tovbbi lehetsges irnyaira. ____ Differences among the accounting regulations may lead to material dissimilarities in the financial statements prepared for the same entity and same financial year. These material differences are sometimes hard to explain, given that they shall be based on the same transactions. The differences are explained by the differences in the regulations. The paper explains the possible levels of accounting by-laws and examines based on the relevant literature the factors that led to different solutions for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of the same items or transactions. By structuring these factors the article tries to give possible future advances in the harmonization of such systems using a deductive approach.
Resumo:
A kutats a hasznossg oldalrl kzelti meg a tmt, s azt vizsglja, hogy a szablyozs sszhangban van-e a hazai gyakorlattal. A pnzgyi helyzettel sszefgg informcik az rdekhordozk kzl elsdlegesen a hitelezk (tgabb rtelmezsben a szlltkat is magban foglalja) szmra fontosak. gy ezen informcik ellltsa csak akkor minsl hasznosnak, ha egyltaln megjelenik olyan rdekhordoz, aki ignyli azt. A szmviteli trvny a mret alapjn tesz klnbsget a cash flow-kimutats ksztsi ktelezettsgben, ezrt a szerz a vllalati sokasgot ez alapjn kettbontva elemezte a hitelezi ktelezettsgek megjelenst. A varianciaelemzs azt mutatja, hogy sszehasonltva a nagyobb cgekkel a hitelez mint rdekhordoz a kisebb vllalkozsoknl szignifiknsan kisebb arnyban jelenik meg. Ez alapjn a mret szerint trtn megklnbztets indokoltnak tnik, azonban tovbbi vizsglat keretben lehetne mg elemezni, hogy az rtkhatrok j helyen vannak-e ebbl a szempontbl, esetleg szksg lenne-e egyb tnyezk (pldul a hitelezi ktelezettsgek arnynak) bevonsra az elrsokra vonatkoz klnbsgttelnl.
Resumo:
A tanulmny clja, hogy a globalizci j korszakhoz illeszked elmleti kzgazdasgi folyamatokat bemutassa, klns tekintettel az adzsi ismeretek oktatsra. Az adzs szksgessgrl csak akkor gyzhet meg a trsadalom, ha az adfizets a jogllami normk rvnyestshez szksges, gy a jogllam elsdlegessgbl kiindul gazdasgelmletre van szksg. Ez klnsen ebben a trsgben fontos, hiszen nlunk egyelre gyenge a jogllami szemllet, ezrt nagyobb szksg van a kzgazdasgtudomny megjulsra is, a neoliberalizmus szemlletnek meghaladsra. Ezt az j irnyt a tanulmny a kzgazdasgtan etikai s kulturlis megalapozsnak tekinti.
Resumo:
The paper uses paired comparison-based scoring procedures for ranking the participants of a Swiss system chess team tournament. We present the main challenges of ranking in Swiss system, the features of individual and team competitions as well as the failures of official lexicographical orders. The tournament is represented as a ranking problem, our model is discussed with respect to the properties of the score, generalized row sum and least squares methods. The proposed procedure is illustrated with a detailed analysis of the two recent chess team European championships. Final rankings are compared by their distances and visualized with multidimensional scaling (MDS). Differences to official ranking are revealed by the decomposition of least squares method. Rankings are evaluated by prediction accuracy, retrodictive performance, and stability. The paper argues for the use of least squares method with a results matrix favoring match points.
Resumo:
The objective of this article is to analyse the marketing practice of Hungarian companies. On the one hand, the role of marketing function in the company has been revealed, and on the other hand the relationship between marketing efforts and market performance has been investigated. In frame of the Hungarian Competitiveness Studies, 300 marketing executives were surveyed to rate the marketing practice of their companies, concentrating on branding, pricing policy, applied marketing channels and promotional activities. The results confirm that sophisticated marketing practice leads to higher business performance. Keywords: marketing tools, competitiveness, performance
Resumo:
Network analysis has emerged as a key technique in communication studies, economics, geography, history and sociology, among others. A fundamental issue is how to identify key nodes in a network, for which purpose a number of centrality measures have been developed. This paper proposes a new parametric family of centrality measures called generalized degree. It is based on the idea that a relationship to a more interconnected node contributes to centrality in a greater extent than a connection to a less central one. Generalized degree improves on degree by redistributing its sum over the network with the consideration of the global structure. Application of the measure is supported by a set of basic properties. A sufficient condition is given for generalized degree to be rank monotonic, excluding counter-intuitive changes in the centrality ranking after certain modifications of the network. The measure has a graph interpretation and can be calculated iteratively. Generalized degree is recommended to apply besides degree since it preserves most favorable attributes of degree, but better reflects the role of the nodes in the network and has an increased ability to distinguish between their importance.
