Microcrédito e empoderamento de mulheres de baixa renda: uma análise do projeto “elas”

O microcrédito tem sido uma ferramenta de combate à pobreza no mundo todo nas últimas décadas. A ampliação do acesso ao crédito àqueles que não podem recorrer ao sistema financeiro tradicional tem se constituído como uma via democrática de fomento à inclusão social através da geração de trabalho e renda. Os empréstimos realizados têm demonstrado efeitos benéficos sobre a comunidades de baixa renda, especialmente em relação às mulheres, pelo desencadeamento de um processo de empoderamento com efeitos em sua capacidade de auferir renda, melhorar sua autoestima e ampliar sua participação em espaços de tomada de decisão. No Brasil, as mulheres são a maioria dos tomadores de microcrédito e a justificativa para isso perpassa pelas dificuldades relativas ao mercado formal, a necessidade de complementação da renda familiar, o desejo de maior emancipação frente aos companheiros e a busca pela realização num pequeno empreendimento próprio. Em Fortaleza (CE), o Banco Palmas criou um projeto de empoderamento de gênero, focado em beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família, a partir da concessão de microcrédito. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo analisar as dimensões do processo de empoderamento alcançadas pelas mulheres participantes deste projeto, intitulado como projeto “ELAS”. A hipótese inicial era a de que a nova capacidade economicamente produtiva das entrevistadas modificaria sua realidade, colocando-as em um novo patamar frente a si mesmas e às suas famílias, proporcionando maior autonomia em suas decisões de consumo e independência financeira frente a seus maridos, além do aumento de seu bem-estar. Nesse caso, o microcrédito serviria como um fomentador do empoderamento individual feminino, hipótese comprovada neste estudo. Entretanto, notou-se que não houve um rompimento das relações de gênero no âmbito das famílias, fator perceptível principalmente pela não redistribuição das tarefas domiciliares, com impactos restritivos no empoderamento social dessas mulheres através da não participação em instâncias coletivas de tomada de decisão.

Entre a potência e o ato: atitudes políticas e percepções de mobilização em Natal e Porto Alegre

The recent democratic process in Brazil made it as element for its consolidation the idea of participation. It requires a state model that included on its agenda democratic society participation in decision-making process, and a society that has as a principle based participatory civic consciousness. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the level of political participation in two Brazilian state capitals , Natal and Porto Alegre. Data were obtained through quantitative data from the application of 384 questionnaires in both capitals. We chose some variables that will form the basis for our study; Duties of a good citizen, a good citizen rights, Confidence, Index of socialization, exposure to media, degree of interest in politics; Mobilization; Associations. Already qualitative research sought to address the political, cultural and institutional of the two municipalities

Evaluación del conocimiento de los cirujanos dentistas brasileños sobre aspectos bioéticos en el tratamiento odontológico

Professional-patient relationship and its importance for a good performance and success of the dental treatment must be reflected upon by means of their bioethical aspects. Our study aimed at evaluating dentist-surgeons' knowledge (n=163) in conducting specialization courses at São Paulo State University-UNESP, on these aspects. Out of the people surveyed, 88.1% mentioned that a decision for the treatment should be made by mutual agreement between professionals and patients, however, 26.4% report that patients' or their legal representative's participation in decision-making can cause negative interference. Professionals' acting when patients choose a less suitable treatment, 95.6% try to convince patients that it is not the best choice and persuade them for a better one by keeping the paternalistic model. It was noticed that 20.3% did not know how to relate the importance of professional-patient interaction as regards the dental treatment. It was therefore concluded that many dentist-surgeons are not taking these bioethical aspects into account in clinical practice.

Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC): new biregional trade and investment relations in a changing world economic environment$c

Includes bibliography

Impactos da construção da UHE Três Irmãos sobre a atividade de mineração: importância de uma gestão ambiental

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2014: Regional integration and value chains in a challenging external environment

The 2014 edition of Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy: Regional integration and value chains amid challenging external conditions has four chapters. Chapter I examines the main features of the international context and their repercussions for world and regional trade. Chapter II looks at Latin American and Caribbean participation in global value chains and confirms that the region, with the exception of Mexico and Central America, has only limited linkages with the three major regional value chains of Asia, Europe and North America. This chapter also looks at how participation in value chains may contribute to more inclusive structural change, by analysing three core microeconomic aspects. Chapter III identifies various spheres in which regional integration and cooperation can help strengthen production integration between the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean. The fourth chapter explores the intra- and extraregional trade relations of the countries of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and considers how to strengthen production integration in the subregion by taking advantage of linkages beyond trade and building on commercial and production complementarities among the members. The chapter also reviews the differences between the countries in terms of income, population and production and export structure, in a context of marked macroeconomic vulnerability.

Acesso à informação geográfica: reflexões sobre a importância das Infraestruturas de Dados Espaciais (IDE) nas políticas públicas

This article discusses the access to geographic information and its importance for the public policies formulation, reflecting on the implementation of the Spatial Data Infrastructure. The data view and the maps construction are useful for identifying needs and sponsoring public managers in decision making. The public policies implementation stages are optimized when the quantitative and qualitative information are integrated to the spatial phenomena relations. The improvement in the use of geographic information for decision making will be achieved when spatial data are efficiently generated in spatial data infrastructures.

Gender equality and human development in Macedonia during transition (1991-2006)

The present thesis treats the issue of gender equality in Macedonia during the period of transition from the socialist system to the one of parliamentary democracy. The main aim is to mainstream the gender perspective in the analysis of the transitional policies through the examination of the basic citizenship rights to which citizens are entitled and by the means of the evaluation of their capabilities to exercise these rights. Gender equality, as one of the main strongholds of the concept of human development is measured through the application of nine gender relevant capabilities in a Case study conducted within selected municipalities in the country. Through the analysis of the Macedonian constitutional and legal framework and the assessment of gender based inequalities, the research questions the need for the enactment of a process of engendering of citizenship, which would integrate gender based differences, contemplate the private sphere of citizens lives and pledge participation in the political life of the country. The thesis, finally, analyses the gender equality strategy of the Macedonian government with the purpose to evaluate whether it is context based, i.e. it tackles the main fields where inequalities emerge and in this context whether it envisages a process of engendering of citizenship.

Participation in the RACS sentinel node biopsy versus axillary clearance trial

Background: The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) SNAC trial is a randomized controlled trial of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) versus axillary clearance (AC). It opened in May 2001 and is recruiting rapidly with good acceptance by consumers. Methods: A study of eligibility and treatment choices was conducted between November 2001 and September 2002 for women presenting with early breast cancer to 10 centres participating in the trial. Results: More than half of the 622 women (54%) were ineligible for trial entry because they had large (> 3 cm) or multicentric cancers. Participation was offered to 92% of eligible women and was taken up by 63%. The commonest reason for not participating was the desire to choose treatment rather than have it randomly allocated. Despite this there is a great acceptance of clinical trials because very few women (4% of those eligible) gave 'lack of interest in clinical trials' as the reason for non-participation. Few women who declined trial participation chose to have SNB alone (4.5% of those eligible). Conclusion: Sentinel node biopsy may become the standard of care for managing small breast cancers, but a significant number of patients will still require or choose axillary dissection. Results from large randomized trials are needed to determine the relative benefits and harms of SNB compared with AC. Surgeons must carefully discuss options for management with their patients.

Undermining patient and public engagement and limiting its impact:the consequences of the Health and Social Care Act 2012 on collective patient and public involvement

Patient and public involvement has been at the heart of UK health policy for more than two decades. This commitment to putting patients at the heart of the British National Health Service (NHS) has become a central principle helping to ensure equity, patient safety and effectiveness in the health system. The recent Health and Social Care Act 2012 is the most significant reform of the NHS since its foundation in 1948. More radically, this legislation undermines the principle of patient and public involvement, public accountability and returns the power for prioritisation of health services to an unaccountable medical elite. This legislation marks a sea-change in the approach to patient and public involvement in the UK and signals a shift in the commitment of the UK government to patient-centred care. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Towards the Problems of an Evaluation of Data Uncertainty in Decision Support Systems

The question of forming aim-oriented description of an object domain of decision support process is outlined. Two main problems of an estimation and evaluation of data and knowledge uncertainty in decision support systems – straight and reverse, are formulated. Three conditions being the formalized criteria of aimoriented constructing of input, internal and output spaces of some decision support system are proposed. Definitions of appeared and hidden data uncertainties on some measuring scale are given.

The role of intuition in the translation process:A case study

This paper explores the psychological construct of intuition and its influence in decision-making behavior. Intuition was defined by Jung (1971) as a primary mode of perception operating subconsciously. As opposed to sensing personality types who prefer concrete details, intuitive personality types prefer to acquire information by imagining possibilities (Myers and Myers 1995). In this paper, an analysis of verbalization data from a translation process study is discussed in order to demonstrate the influence of intuition on decision-making during the translation process and to explore the implications of this influence. Recent studies have found that intuition plays a role in learning and decision-making tasks involving affect (Laborde et al. 2010: 786). Intuition is therefore here viewed as a potentially vital component of translator behavior which could predict individuals' translating effectiveness. © John Benjamins Publishing Company.

The Effect of Natural Products and Small Gtpases in Adipogenesis

Insulin signaling is one of the main initiators of adipogenesis, the conversion from pre-adipocyte to adipocyte or lipid droplet. Rab proteins are the master regulator of intracellular trafficking and endosome fusion in endocytosis, making them potential regulators of insulin signaling in adipogenesis. Pre-adipocytes 3T3-Ll cells expressing several Rab5 constructs were used to examine the effect of dehydroleucodine (DhL ), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from aerial parts of Artemisia douglasiana Besser. The results obtained identify Rab5 deactivation as a key step for adipogenesis by forming signaling endosomes. The addition of DhL significantly inhibited the lipid droplet accumulation in a dose-dependent manner and dramatically attenuated the synthesis of adipogenic transcriptional factors, C/EBPa and PPARy. Activation of AMPKa, Erk and Akt during adipocytic differentiation was not inhibited by treatment with DhL. This data suggest that DhL has an important role in Rab5 dependent adipogenesis by regulating several transcriptional factors including PP ARy expression, which is known to play an essential role during fat formation.