Macrodynamics of economics: a bibliometric history

A history of specialties in economics since the late 1950s is constructed on the basis of a large corpus of documents from economics journals. The production of this history relies on a combination of algorithmic methods that avoid subjective assessments of the boundaries of specialties: bibliographic coupling, automated community detection in dynamic networks and text mining. these methods uncover a structuring of economics around recognizable specialties with some significant changes over the time-period covered (1956-2014). Among our results, especially noteworthy are (a) the clearcut existence of 10 families of specialties, (b) the disappearance in the late 1970s of a specialty focused on general economic theory, (c) the dispersal of the econometrics-centered specialty in the early 1990s and the ensuing importance of specific econometric methods for the identity of many specialties since the 1990s, (d) the low level of specialization of individual economists throughout the period in contrast to physicists as early as the late 1960s.

Prevalencia y factores asociados al síndrome de agotamiento profesional en residentes de diferentes especialidades médicas : una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 15 años

El Síndrome de Agotamiento Profesional (SAP), es común en los trabajadores de la salud, particularmente en los expuestos a altos niveles de estrés en el trabajo e incluye el agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal. Se considera que los médicos residentes presentan una mayor prevalencia del síndrome que los médicos debido a que se encuentran en entrenamiento, período en el cual están sometidos a alta carga laboral debido a las largas horas de trabajo, horarios irregulares, privación de sueño, intensas demandas emocionales, así como la presión de dominar un gran conocimiento clínico. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Agotamiento Profesional o Burnout en la población de médicos residentes. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en la base de datos electrónica Pubmed, seleccionando aquellos publicados entre los años 2001 al 2016, tanto en idioma inglés como en español, a texto completo y enfocados en estudios en médicos residentes. Resultados. Los hallazgos sugieren que el Síndrome de Agotamiento Profesional o Burnout es altamente prevalente, que varía de acuerdo a la residencia que se esté realizando, encontrando un promedio del 50% con un rango de 27% a 75% entre las diferentes especialidades de la población estudiada y, en consecuencia, puede constituir un problema de salud que amerita atención en cada Institución, esto a pesar de que la prevalencia pueda variar de un lugar a otro y en las diferentes especialidades. Conclusiones. El SAP o Burnout constituye un problema de salud entre la población de médicos residentes, lo que sugiere la conveniencia de diseñar medidas para su prevención como informar en la inducción al programa de residencia sobre el riesgo de la aparición del síndrome y sus síntomas, consultar tempranamente ante signos de alarma, adecuar el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica para que incluya esta condición específica y ajustar o disminuir la carga laboral entre otras.

Clínica de animais exóticos

O presente relatório tem como base o estágio curricular realizado na Clínica Veterinaria Exotics, em Barcelona, entre outubro 2015 e fevereiro de 2016, perfazendo um total de cinco meses. O estágio decorreu sob a orientação da Doutora Joana Reis e do Dr. Xavier Valls, estando inserido na área de medicina de animais exóticos. O relatório apresenta duas partes principais. Em primeiro, surge o relatório das atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio, destacando o trabalho realizado nas diversas especialidades clínicas assim como a aprendizagem adquirida. De seguida, é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica atualizada subordinada ao tema Insulinoma em furões destacando, para além das peculiaridades que envolvem esta espécie, as causas, o diagnóstico, as terapêuticas e os diversos desafios que esta doença origina no dia-a-dia da medicina veterinária: Abstract: Exotic animal medicine The internship, that originated this report, was conducted in an exotic animal medicine specialized clinic named Clínica Veterinaria Exotics, in Barcelona, from October 2015 to February 2016, with the supervision of professor Joana Reis and Dr. Xavier Valls. This report is comprised of two major sections: the first is a statistical study, where the clinical activities that were conducted in the many specialties of the exotic animal medicine are described, completing the analysis with a wide range of knowledge gotten from the daily routine of the clinic; as for the second part, it develops the current literature about, Insulinoma in ferrets, describing the animal’s particularities and the causes, diagnosis, therapies and challenges of this disease in the clinical veterinary medicine.

Quality improvement of traditional dry fermented sausages based on innovative technological strategies

Dry fermented sausages are highly appreciated food specialties, mainly in Portugal and other southern European countries. Therefore, all research efforts aiming at improving the food quality and safety of traditional dry sausages are of interest, since they are likely to result in products with higher added value and quality standards most suited to the requirements and concerns of the modern consumers. Among those efforts, it may be highlighted the studies involving innovative processing parameters and technologies to overcome practical problems gathered in the meat industry, which are mostly associated with food quality and safety. Additionally, characterization of traditional dry sausages and rationalization of their processing are essential for further achievement of any official certification. Thus, this article attempts to point out some research lines of highest interest in meat science (and particularly to the broad variety of regional dry fermented sausages), towards to the valorisation of technological, nutritional and commercial features. In addition, it is here emphasized the importance for the continuous improvement of the quality and safety of meat products as a way to respond to the current concerns regarding its consumption and the general advices in reducing its daily intake.

Una retrospección y visión de futuro sobre el uso e implementación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, para el aprendizaje virtual en el contexto de la División de Educología de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica

Division de Educología (School of Education for Secondary Level) of Universidad Nacional in Costa Rica, (UNA) has been aware of the necessary planning and thought of a future that demands a continuous reflection between what is possible and what is desirable. In this sense, the formation of future educators of the country in different specialties, should promote not only the use of the technology, but also the development of critical and objective thinking that will embrace its advantages and its limitations in the noble exercise of what is teaching and learning. Under the light of these precepts, in the year 2007, the educational research activity emerged by the name of Didactic Resources for Learning with a bimodal focus. The present article exposes the main ideas that have been matured after an experience of more than two years with this course, and it is also searching for recapturing a responsible way of planning, implementing and managing the policies of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) for the bimodal learning in the context of the Division de Educología (School of Education for Secondary Level) of UNA.