Thyroid hormone receptor ��-dependent expression of a potassium conductance in inner hair cells at the onset of hearing

To elucidate the role of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) ��1 and �� in the development of hearing, cochlear functions have been investigated in mice lacking TR��1 or TR��. TRs are ligand-dependent transcription factors expressed in the developing organ of Corti, and loss of TR�� is known to impair hearing in mice and in humans. Here, TR��1-deficient (TR��1���/���) mice are shown to display a normal auditory-evoked brainstem response, indicating that only TR��, and not TR��1, is essential for hearing. Because cochlear morphology was normal in TR�����/��� mice, we postulated that TR�� regulates functional rather than morphological development of the cochlea. At the onset of hearing, inner hair cells (IHCs) in wild-type mice express a fast-activating potassium conductance, IK,f, that transforms the immature IHC from a regenerative, spiking pacemaker to a high-frequency signal transmitter. Expression of IK,f was significantly retarded in TR�����/��� mice, whereas the development of the endocochlear potential and other cochlear functions, including mechanoelectrical transduction in hair cells, progressed normally. TR��1���/��� mice expressed IK,f normally, in accord with their normal auditory-evoked brainstem response. These results establish that the physiological differentiation of IHCs depends on a TR��-mediated pathway. When defective, this may contribute to deafness in congenital thyroid diseases.

Recovery of hearing and vocal behavior after hair-cell���regeneration

Postmitotic hair-cell regeneration in the inner ear of birds provides an opportunity to study the effect of renewed auditory input on auditory perception, vocal production, and vocal learning in a vertebrate. We used behavioral conditioning to test both perception and vocal production in a small Australian parrot, the budgerigar. Results show that both auditory perception and vocal production are disrupted when hair cells are damaged or lost but that these behaviors return to near normal over time. Precision in vocal production completely recovers well before recovery of full auditory function. These results may have particular relevance for understanding the relation between hearing loss and human speech production especially where there is consideration of an auditory prosthetic device. The present results show, at least for a bird, that even limited recovery of auditory input soon after deafening can support full recovery of vocal precision.

How can we enhance our security without damaging our liberty? For a Progressive and European Rehabilitation of Sovereignty. European Policy Brief No. 41, January 2016

How can we reinforce internal security without destroying basic freedoms? This dilemma will become increasingly topical in the context of rising terrorist threats and in view of some of the responses already put in place at the national level. Many observers have pointed out the threat that these measures pose to individual freedom. But few have highlighted their relative inefficiency. Indeed, if the right to security is one of the founding reasons for political government and one of its main sources of legitimacy, can states still guarantee this basic right? This article examines this dilemma and focuses more specifically on its implications for the notion and practice of sovereignty. It also sketches a strong, but nuanced, rescue of sovereignty at the European level in order to assure individual security while, at the same time, protecting our freedoms.

The speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale: tradu����o e adapta����o cultural para o portugu��s europeu

A defici��ncia auditiva afecta milh��es de pessoas em todo o mundo, originando v��rios problemas, nomeadamente a n��vel psicossocial, que comprometem a qualidade de vida do indiv��duo. A defici��ncia auditiva influencia o comportamento, particularmente ao dificultar a comunica����o. Com o avan��o tecnol��gico, os produtos de apoio, em particular os aparelhos auditivos e o implante coclear, melhoram essa qualidade de vida, atrav��s da melhoria da comunica����o. Com as escalas de avalia����o determinamos o modo como a defici��ncia auditiva influencia a vida di��ria, com ou sem amplifica����o, e de que forma afecta o desempenho psicossocial, emocional ou profissional do indiv��duo, sendo esta informa����o importante para determinar a necessidade e o sucesso de amplifica����o, independentemente do tipo e grau da defici��ncia auditiva. O objectivo do presente estudo foi a tradu����o e adapta����o para a cultura portuguesa da escala The Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ), desenvolvida por Stuart Gatehouse e William Noble em 2004. Este trabalho foi realizado nos centros auditivos da Widex Portugal. Ap��s os procedimentos de tradu����o e retrovers��o, a vers��o portuguesa foi testada em 12 indiv��duos, com idades compreendidas entre os 36 anos e os 80 anos, dos quais 6 utilizavam pr��tese auditiva h�� mais de um ano, um utilizava pr��tese h�� menos de um ano e 5 nunca tinham utilizado. Com a tradu����o e adapta����o cultural para o Portugu��s Europeu do ���Question��rio sobre as Qualidades Espaciais do Discurso ��� SSQ���, contribu��mos para uma melhor avalia����o dos indiv��duos que estejam, ou venham a estar, a cumprir programas de reabilita����o auditiva.

Organized crime and gambling : record of hearing VII, June 24-26, 1985, New York, New York /

Item 851-J-3

A system for diagnosis, referral, and rehabilitation of persons convicted of driving while intoxicated: the system and a preliminary field test of the diagnostic procedure. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

A system for diagnosis, referral, and rehabilitation of persons convicted of driving while intoxicated: a special rehabilitation program for multiple offenders. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Implementing universal newborn hearing screening programs : early identification of hearing loss.

Shipping list no.: 99-0282-P.

Full road closure for work zone operations : a case study : accelerating construction and reducing crashes during the rehabilitation of a major downtown route : M-10 Lodge Freeway in Detroit, Michigan.

"FHWA-HOP-05-013"--P. [4] of cover.

Enforcement of underage impaired-driving laws - issues, problems, recommended solutions.

Mode of access: Internet.

Attitudinal and behavioral changes of alcohol impaired drivers and analytical study of the alcohol education program of the Boston Alcohol Safety Action Project. Analytical studies 5 and 6.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Organized crime and heroin trafficking : record of hearing V, February 20-21, 1985, Miami, Florida /

Item 851-J-3