Mouse interleukin-2 receptor alpha gene expression. Delimitation of cis-acting regulatory elements in transgenic mice and by mapping of DNase-I hypersensitive sites.

The alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) is a key regulator of lymphocyte proliferation. To analyze the mechanisms controlling its expression in normal cells, we used the 5'-flanking region (base pairs -2539/+93) of the mouse gene to drive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in four transgenic mouse lines. Constitutive transgene activity was restricted to lymphoid organs. In mature T lymphocytes, transgene and endogenous IL-2R alpha gene expression was stimulated by concanavalin A and up-regulated by IL-2 with very similar kinetics. In thymic T cell precursors, IL-1 and IL-2 cooperatively induced transgene and IL-2R alpha gene expression. These results show that regulation of the endogenous IL-2R alpha gene occurs mainly at the transcriptional level. They demonstrate that cis-acting elements in the 5'-flanking region present in the transgene confer correct tissue specificity and inducible expression in mature T cells and their precursors in response to antigen, IL-1, and IL-2. In a complementary approach, we screened the 5' end of the endogenous IL-2R alpha gene for DNase-I hypersensitive sites. We found three lymphocyte specific DNase-I hypersensitive sites. Two, at -0.05 and -5.3 kilobase pairs, are present in resting T cells. A third site appears at -1.35 kilobase pairs in activated T cells. It co-localizes with IL-2-responsive elements identified by transient transfection experiments.

New Targeting Social Need Action Plan 2000 (PDF 2000 KB)

This report sets out New Targeting Social Need actions for 2000.

Plan de comunicación para el lanzamiento de la marca país : Colombia

Aquest treball realitza un estudi de la imatge actual de la marca país “Colòmbia”, amb la finalitat de desenvolupar un Pla de Comunicació per al llançament d'aquesta marca a Espanya. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu s'analitza l'actual entorn colombià, els seus recursos naturals, la seva situació social i l'actual afluència de turistes al país. També s'analitza el mercat espanyol com a mercat d'origen. En el Pla de Comunicació Global, es planteja l'actual problema d'imatge que té Colòmbia a Espanya, i com el seu passat, i la ressonància que el mateix ha tingut gràcies als mitjans de comunicació, han fet que Colòmbia no sigui una de entre les destinacions triades pels espanyols, a causa de la percepció que es té de turísme d'alt risc.

Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan 2002-2005 (PDF 170 KB)

Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan 2002-2005

Recovery of Health Services Charges (NI) Order 2004 - Regulatory Impact Assessment (PDF 254 KB)

Recovery of Health Services Charges (NI) Order 2004 - Regulatory Impact Assessment

A Five Year Physical Activity Strategy and Action Plan

A Five Year Physical Activity Strategy and Action Plan

Strategic Framework and Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C in NI (PDF 182 KB)

2004 - 2007

A Five Year Tobacco Action Plan (PDF 109 KB)

Summary of Responses to the Consultation ‘A Five Year Tobacco Action Plan’ document was issued for public consultation in August 2002. The Plan, which was developed by an inter-sectoral Working Group, provides a framework for collaborative working across Government departments, the statutory and voluntary sectors, as well as with business and in local communities. It seeks to combine an overview of the background, scale and nature of the problem with a comprehensive programme of action to reduce the harm caused by tobacco use. åÊ

A Five Year Tobacco Action Plan (PDF 188KB)

Smoking claims between 2,700 and 3,000 lives here each year. It is the single greatest preventable cause of premature death and avoidable illness. It also harms people who do not smoke and babies in the womb. Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, strokes and other diseases of the circulatory system, which kill two in every five men and women here. These diseases are also important causes of disability. A lifetime non-smoker is 60% less likely than a current smoker to have coronary heart disease and 30% less likely to suffer a stroke. åÊ

A Five Year Home Accident Prevention Strategy and Action Plan (PDF 124KB)

The Executive in its Programme for Government under the theme “Working for a Healthier People” gave a commitment to promoting public safety by reducing the number of injuries and deaths caused by accidents at home, at work and on the road. An overarching strategy for children and young people is also being developed, which will set out the vision, values and underlying principles, including general safety, for all children and young people and the long-term goals to make that vision a reality. Consultation Document