Durabilidad de morteros de cemento portland sometidos a ambientes agrícola-ganaderos: caso real

En los ambientes agrícola-ganaderos, los morteros de cemento Portland, son materiales ampliamente utilizados. Éstos se ven expuestos al contacto permanente con los purines del ganado con un deterioro que supone un elevado coste medioambiental y económico para las explotaciones. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es estudiar el comportamiento de los morteros sumergidos durante 60 meses en una balsa de purín de cerdo. Se han empleado cuatro tipos de cemento, un cemento Portland tradicional y tres cementos con adición de cenizas volantes. Se analiza el comportamiento resistente y los cambios microestructurales, en términos de porosidad y distribución de tamaño de poro, mediante porosimetría por intrusión de mercurio. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la utilización de cementos con características sulforresistentes no está justificada debido a que su comportamiento resistente es peor que el obtenido con cementos con bajo contenido de cenizas, y son más susceptibles a la degradación provocada por el purín. Para los ambientes agrícola-ganaderos, se aconseja utilizar morteros de cementos con cenizas volantes.

Comparison on the durability of different portland cements after five years exposure to sulfate and to sea water attack

Experimental research has been performed to relate specific cement characteristics to deterioration due to sulfate and sea water attack after five year exposure, and to study different test method suitability for sulfate and marine resistance. Sulfate resistance testing have been performed on mortar specimens made with fifteen cement types of statistically diverse chemical composition according to European standard EN 197-1, most of them with sulfate resistant properties according to Spanish regulations. Chemical and mechanical characteristics were studied to determine the variation in properties of selected cements. SO3 content, type and amount of additions, C3A, and C4AF content were used to examine relationships between these characteristics and the results of sulfate resistance. Mortar specimens testing using Na2SO4 as the aggressive medium according to ASTM 1012 (with w/c ratio adapted to prENV 196-X:1995) was performed using each type of cement; identical specimens were also stored in sea water, and in lime saturated water (blank condition), up to five year age. Additionally these cements were tested conforming ASTM 452 and Koch and Steinegger test. Recommended acceptance limits for sulfate resistance of cements concerning to each used test method were evaluated in order to explore their suitability. Relationships between cement characteristics, degradation, expansive products obtained by X-ray diffraction techniques and maximum expansion after applied storage treatments, were correlated at final age, to redefine cement characteristics for sulfate resistant and marine resistant Portland cement