Diseño de un modelo de gestión de procesos para una empresa de prestación de servicios automotrices. Caso Talleres FACONZA

El presente proyecto enfocado en el diseño de un modelo de gestión de procesos para una empresa de prestación de servicios automotrices, caso Talleres “FACONZA”, tiene la finalidad de demostrar que con un buen modelo de gestión de procesos se puede lograr una mayor captación de clientes, y mejorar la rentabilidad del negocio. Para la investigación se ha tomado en cuenta el desarrollo de cuatro capítulos que demuestran la viabilidad del trabajo. Capítulo I, es la parte del marco teórico, donde se resalta: La Cadena de Valor, Fuerzas de Porter y Procesos, que son las estrategias utilizadas para el desarrollo y cumplimiento de los objetivos. Capítulo II, detalla los principales aspectos de desarrollo y funcionamiento de la Empresa que es el objeto de estudio, toda esta información sirvió como base para el estudio de las falencias encontradas en la actualidad en los procesos de FACONZA. Capítulo III, en este capítulo se realiza un análisis situacional tanto del macro como del micro entorno que rodea a la empresa, con el objetivo de conocer las fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas y establecer de manera adecuada un diagnóstico de Talleres Faconza. Capítulo IV, ya en este parte se presenta la propuesta del proyecto, que es el modelo de gestión de procesos, que muestra los principales aportes y soluciones a los problemas detectados con anterioridad, logrando cumplir con los objetivos planteados para demostrar una mayor eficacia en los procesos de servicios que favorecerán directamente a la gestión de la empresa.

Acercamiento a la obra de Gertrude Sojka: “Liberación de Auschwitz” desde algunas propuestas desarrolladas en los estudios visuales (Tema Central)

En este artículo se caracteriza a los estudios visuales como un campo desafiante en relación con el escepticismo académico y crítico ante categorías eurocéntricas que afirmaron esencialismos y discriminaciones en un supuesto “arte universal”. La indagación sobre los diversos elementos y las relaciones de poder que configuran nuestra realidad social –ejes fundamentales que incorpora el estudio visual para leer una obra–, incitan a cuestionar el contexto en que esta se produjo, el modo en que la vemos, valoramos y dotamos de sentido. Bajo estos lineamientos, se analiza la obra de Gertrude Sojka titulada “Liberación de Auschwitz” respondiendo cinco preguntas: ¿qué muestran las figuras humanas representadas?, ¿qué discursividad sustenta la composición?, ¿subyace un eje ideológico?, ¿cómo se inserta la obra en el ámbito de lo social? y ¿qué le dice a la espectadora o espectador? Finalmente, exponen las apreciaciones personales de la autora sobre el significado de la “liberación” en esta obra de Sojka.

El cuerpo barroco. Mariana de Jesús entre lo sagrado y lo profano

Mariana puede ser pensada desde la matriz dominante represora, pero al mismo tiempo se inserta en la versión de los reprimidos y sus estrategias para sobrevivir. Tuvo una vida de máxima obediencia, regida por confesores y padres de la Compañía de Jesús, sin embargo, contrajo matrimonio con su amado Jesús, a quien entregó sus casi inconcebibles penitencias corporales, que la llevaron a los extremos del éxtasis religioso, rompiendo con todo esquema moral católico. Su historia habla del proyecto de la Conquista, en el que la Iglesia católica, respaldada por la Corona, intentó restablecer su poder y crear una nueva y mejorada España. No obstante, los habitantes de América hallaron en ese escenario violento estrategias para modificar las formas de vida impuestas por sus represores, y adecuarlas para sí. Finalmente, la Iglesia tuvo que ceder y hacer suyas prácticas que consideraba profanas. Mariana se inserta justo en el medio de la delgada línea de lo profano, lo sagrado, lo prohibido y lo transgresor en el imaginario católico, evidenciando el contexto barroco de la ciudad de Quito. Su exacerbada práctica sacrificial sobrepasa las leyes y regulaciones de la Iglesia, haciendo que se acerque cada vez más al oscuro mundo de lo profano.

Trude Sojka: sobrevivencia, creación artística y resiliencia

Esta investigación presenta a la lectora o lector una biografía de la artista checo-ecuatoriana Trude Sojka (1909 - 2007). En ésta se detalla cómo ella sobrevivió a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, a la Shoá y llegó a Ecuador en 1946. Mediante el Estudio Visual de la producción de Sojka y el análisis transdisciplinario de seis obras, se caracteriza su proceso creativo y se muestra cómo -a través de éste y otros factores- ella pudo constituirse como una mujer resiliente.

Trace fossils and pseudofossils from the Wealden strata (non-marine Lower Cretaceous) of southern England

The trace fossils of the Wealden (non-marine Lower Cretaceous) of southern England are described. Sixteen invertebrate ichnotaxa include Agrichnium fimbriatus, Beaconites antarcticus, B. barretti, Cochlichnus anguineus, Diplichnites triassicus, Diplocraterion parallelum, Lockeia siliquaria, L. serialis, Monocraterion cf. tentaculum, Palaeophycus striatus, P. tubularis, Planolites montanus, Protovirgularia rugosa, Rhizocorallium isp., Scoyenia cf. gracilis, Unisulcus minutus, insect and root traces. Tetrapod tracks and trackways include tridactyl Iguanodontipus burreyi and other ornithopods, theropod, and tetradactyl sauropod (or possibly ankylosaur), together with extensive dinosaur tramplings. Coprolites are referred to two broad types: spiral, with or without included fish scales (attributable to sharks), and elongate and irregular (possibly produced by reptiles). A skinprint and two types of pseudofossil are also included. Five environmental associations are recognised: (1) lacustrine/lagoonal; (2) brackish incursions (flooding events) into the lacustrine/lagoonal environment; (3) a marginal lacustrine association with fluvial input; (4) a fluvial (lacustrine delta) association; (5) floodplain sediments (seasonal wetlands). These associations are assigned to the fluvial-lacustrine Scoyenia Ichnofacies and the incursions to Glossifungites lchnofacies. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Champagne wine polyphenols protect primary cortical neurons against peroxynitrite-induced injury

White wines are generally low in polyphenol content as compared to red wines. However, Champagne wines have been shown to contain relatively high amounts of phenolic acids that may exert protective cellular actions in vivo. In this study, we have investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of Champagne wine extracts, and individual phenolics present in these extracts, against peroxynitrite-induced injury. Organic and aqueous Champagne wine extracts exhibited potent neuroprotective activity against peroxynitrite-induced injury at low concentrations (0.1 mu g/mL). This protection appeared to be in part due to the cellular actions of individual components found in the organic extracts, notably tyrosol, caffeic acid, and gallic acid. These phenolics were observed to exert potent neuroprotection at concentrations between 0.1 and 10 mu M. Together, these data suggest that polyphenols present in Champagne wine may induce a neuroprotective effect against oxidative neuronal injury.

Modulation of peroxynitrite-induced fibroblast injury by hesperetin: a role for intracellular scavenging and modulation of ERK signalling

Peroxynitrite is thought to contribute to the progression of many diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. We report that pre-treatment of fibroblasts with the citrus flavanone, hesperetin, prior to peroxynitrite exposure protects against peroxynitrite-mediated cytotoxicity. This protection was partially mediated by the intracellular scavenging of peroxynitrite by hesperctin as exposure of fibroblasts to peroxynitrite following hesperetin loading led to the formation of two intracellular nitrohesperetin derivatives. In addition, protection appeared to be mediated by hesperetin-induced changes in MAP kinase signalling. Exposure of fibroblasts to hesperetin led to concentration-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and was observed to restore peroxynitrite-mediated decreases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We propose that the protective potential of hesperetin in fibroblasts may be mediated both by intracellular scavenging of peroxynitrite and by modulation of fibroblast signalling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The reaction of flavonoid metabolites with peroxynitrite

There is much interest in the bioactivity of in vivo flavonoid metabolites. We report for the first time the hierarchy of reactivity of flavonoid metabolites with peroxynitrite and characterise novel reaction products. O-Methylation of the B-ring catechol containing flavonoids epicatechin and quercetin, and O-glucuronidation of all flavonoids reduced their reactivity with peroxynitrite. The reaction of the flavanones hesperetin and naringenin and their glucuronides resulted in the formation of multiple mono-nitrated and nitrosated products. In contrast, the catechol-containing flavonoids epicatechin and quercetin yielded oxidation products which when trapped with glutathione led to the production of glutathionyl-conjugates. However, the O-methylated metabolites of epicatechin yielded both mono-and di-nitrated products and nitrosated metabolites. The 3'-O-methyl metabolite of quercetin also yielded a nitrosated species, although its counterpart 4'-O-methyl quercetin yielded only oxidation products. Such products may represent novel metabolic products in vivo and may also express cellular activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The reaction of flavanols with nitrous acid protects against N-nitrosamine formation and leads to the formation of nitroso derivatives which inhibit cancer cell growth

Studies have suggested that diets rich in polyphenols Such as flavonoids may lead to a reduced risk of gastrointestinal cancers. We demonstrate the ability of monomeric and dimeric flavanols to scavenge reactive nitrogen species derived from nitrous acid. Both epicatechin and dimer B2 (epicatechin dimer) inhibited nitrous acid-induced formation of 3-nitrotyrosine and the formation of the carcinogenic N-nitrosamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of monomeric and dimeric epicatechin with nitrous acid led to the formation of mono- and di-nitroso flavanols, whereas the reaction with hesperetin resulted primarily in the formation of nitrated products. Although, epicatechin was transferred across the jejunum of the small intestine yielding metabolites, its nitroso form was not absorbed. Dimer B2 but not epicatechin monomer inhibited the proliferation of, and triggered apoptosis in, Caco-2 cells. The latter was accompanied by caspase-3 activation and reductions in Akt phosphorylation, suggesting activation of apoptosis via inhibition of prosurvival signaling. Furthermore, the dinitroso derivative of dimer B2, and to a lesser extent the dinitroso-epicatechin, also induced significant toxic effects in Caco-2 cells. The inhibitory effects on cellular proliferation were paralleled by early inhibition of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and later reductions in cyclin D I levels, indicating modulation of cell cycle regulation in Caco-2 cells. These effects highlight multiple routes in which dietary derived flavanols may exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Activation of glutathione peroxidase via Nrf1 mediates genistein's protection against oxidative endothelial cell injury

Cellular actions of isoflavones may mediate the beneficial health effects associated with high soy consumption. We have investigated protection by genistein and daidzein against oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury. Genistein but not daidzein protected endothelial cells from damage induced by oxidative stress. This protection was accompanied by decreases in intracellular glutathione levels that could be explained by the generation of glutathionyl conjugates of the oxidised genistein metabolite, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone. Both isoflavones evoked increased protein expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-heavy subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and increased cytosolic accumulation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. However, only genistein led to increases in the cytosolic accumulation and nuclear translocation of Nrf1 and the increased expression of and activity of glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that genistein-induced protective effects depend primarily on the activation of glutathione peroxidase mediated by Nrf1 activation, and not on Nrf2 activation or increases in glutathione synthesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Micromachined waveguide antennas for 1.6 THz

A new type of horn antenna for operation at 1.6 THz, that can be fabricated monolithically with 1/4-height micromachined waveguide, is described. Height, limitations imposed by the micromachining process are overcome by removing a tapered slot in the upper surface of a scalar horn, allowing the E-plane fields to extend outside the confines of the metallic structure before radiation, with a consequent reduction in E-plane beamwidth. 1.6 THz radiation pattern measurements for different designs show that, while there is scope for further optimisation, 3 dB beamwidths of 24 degrees and 17.5 degrees in the E- and H-planes, respectively, can be achieved.

Alignment of a model amyloid peptide fragment in bulk and at a solid surface

The alignment of model amyloid peptide YYKLVFFC is investigated in bulk and at a solid surface using a range of spectroscopic methods employing polarized radiation. The peptide is based on a core sequence of the amyloid beta (A beta) peptide, KLVFF. The attached tyrosine and cysteine units are exploited to yield information on alignment and possible formation of disulfide or dityrosine links. Polarized Raman spectroscopy on aligned stalks provides information on tyrosine orientation, which complements data from linear dichroism (LD) on aqueous solutions subjected to shear in a Couette cell. LD provides a detailed picture of alignment of peptide strands and aromatic residues and was also used to probe the kinetics of self-assembly. This suggests initial association of phenylalanine residues, followed by subsequent registry of strands and orientation of tyrosine residues. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data from aligned stalks is used to extract orientational order parameters from the 0.48 nm reflection in the cross-beta pattern, from which an orientational distribution function is obtained. X-ray diffraction on solutions subject to capillary flow confirmed orientation in situ at the level of the cross-beta pattern. The information on fibril and tyrosine orientation from polarized Raman spectroscopy is compared with results from NEXAFS experiments on samples prepared as films on silicon. This indicates fibrils are aligned parallel to the surface, with phenyl ring normals perpendicular to the surface. Possible disulfide bridging leading to peptide dimer formation was excluded by Raman spectroscopy, whereas dityrosine formation was probed by fluorescence experiments and was found not to occur except under alkaline conditions. Congo red binding was found not to influence the cross-beta XRD pattern.

Dynamics of shear-induced orientation transitions in block copolymers

This review discusses liquid crystal phase formation by biopolymers in solution. Lyotropic mesophases have been observed for several classes of biopolymer including DNA, peptides, polymer/peptide conjugates, glycopolymers and proteoglycans. Nematic or chiral nematic (cholesteric) phases are the most commonly observed mesophases, in which the rod-like fibrils have only orientational order. Hexagonal columnar phases are observed for several systems (DNA, PBLG, polymer/peptide hybrids) at higher concentration. Lamellar (smectic) phases are reported less often, although there are examples such as the layer arrangement of amylopectin side chains in starch. Possible explanations for the observed structures are discussed. The biological role of liquid crystal phases for several of these systems is outlined. Commonly, they may serve as a template to align fibrils for defined structural roles when the biopolymer is extruded and dried, for instance in the production of silk by spiders or silkworms, or of chitin in arthropod shells. In other cases, liquid crystal phase formation may occur in vivo simply as a consequence of high concentration, for instance the high packing density of DNA within cell nuclei.