Temperature Dependence of the Tribological Properties of Laser Re-Melted Al-Cu-Fe Quasicrystalline Plasma Sprayed Coatings

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on tribological properties of plasma-sprayed Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal (QC) coating after laser re-melting treatment. The laser treatment resulted in a more uniform, denser and harder microstructure than that of the as-sprayed coatings. Tribological experiments on the coatings were conducted under reciprocating motion at high frequency in the temperature range from 25 to 650 degreesC. Remarkable influence of temperature on the friction behavior of the coating was recorded and analyzed. Microstructural analysis indicated that the wear mechanisms of the re-melted QC coatings changed from abrasive wear at room temperature, to adhesive wear at 400 degreesC and severe adhesive wear at 650 degreesC owing to the material transfer of the counterpart ball. It was also observed that the ratio of the icosahedral (i)-phase to beta-Al-50(Fe,CU)(50) phase in the coating was higher after test at 400 'C than that at 650 'C. The variation of the ratio UP of coating and of the property of the counterpart ball and coating with the temperature are the two main factors influencing the wear mechanisms and value of the friction coefficient.

Análisis económico de experimentos agrícolas con presupuestos parciales: Re-enseñando el uso de este enfoque

Se presenta la metodología de presupuestos parciales como método de análisis económico de experimentos agrícolas y se analizan algunas inconsistencias encontradas en la misma. Tales inconsistencias incluyen: la implementación del análisis cuando el ANAVA no presenta diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos, y la ejecución del mismo sin considerar la naturaleza de los tratamientos. Otras inconsistencias adicionales, son la conducción de los análisis sin usar precios de campo, llegar a conclusiones sobre el tratamiento más rentable sin usar ninguna tasa núnima de retomo, generar una recomendación a partir de un solo experimento, analizar los datos sin corregir los rendimientos experimentales, y estimar los costos a partir de la información del experimento. En este escrito no se busca reinventar el enfoque de presupuestos parciales, en su lugar se busca reenseñar su uso. Para ello, inicialmente se hace una exposición de cuando se debe usar el enfoque, luego a manera de algoritmo, se enumeran los pasos que se deben seguir para hacer un análisis económico siguiendo este método. Se continua con una discusión sobre la relación entre presupuestos parciales y optimización de funciones de producción. Finalmente, se presentan un caso de análisis

低Re数偏心圆柱间定常整流流动

本文研究低雷诺数情况下偏心圆柱间定常Streaming流动问题,其中内柱以速度U(x)cosωt在静止不可压粘性流体中作小振幅直线简谐振动,外柱则固定不动。

De re etymologica: vasc. -(r)antz ‘hacia’

Iker bilduma = Colección Iker, nº 17

Potential use of remote sensing to assess effects of wave action on plant re-establishment

Evaluation of the potential for remote sensing to detect a relationship between wave action factors and plant re-establishment after a habitat enhancement at Lake Kissimmee, Florida. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, wave action factors were found to be inversely related to the probability of plant re-establishment. However, correlation of wave action factors with areal coverage of aquatic plants based on field measurements, were unable to detect a significant relationship. Other factors aside from wave action, including littoral slope and the presence of offshore vegetation, may have influenced plant re-establishment in these sites. Remote sensing techniques may be useful to detect large changes in plants communities, however small changes in plant coverages may not be detectable using this technique.

Bubble-to-Slug Transition for Low-Re Two-Phase Flows

A critical review on the mechanism and models on the bubble-to-slug transition of two-phase gas-liquid flows are presented in the present paper. It is shown that the most possible mechanism controlled the bubble-to-slug transition is the bubble coalescence. Focusing on the bubble-to-slug transition for the low-Re two-phase flow, a simple Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the influence of the initial bubble size on the bubble-to-slug transition. Some secondary factors, such as the liquid viscosity, the surface tension, and the relative slip between the two phases, are ignored in the present study. It is found that the locus of the dimensionless rate of collision is a universal curve. Based on this curve, it is determined that the bubble initial size can affect the phase distribution and flow pattern when its dimensionless value is in the range from 0.03 to 0.4. A simple relationship between the critical void fraction and the initial bubble size is proposed, which agrees very well with the experimental data.