Double-bundle transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a tendon-patellar bone-semitendinosus tendon autograft: clinical results with a minimum of 2 years' follow-up.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and subjective outcomes after arthroscopic-assisted double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. METHODS: A series of 15 patients with grade III isolated chronic PCL tears underwent double-bundle PCL reconstruction. Of these patients, 8 (53%) had simultaneous fractures. The mean time from accident to surgery was 10.8 months (range, 8 to 15 months). The mean age at the time of surgery was 28.2 years (range, 17 to 43 years). All of the patients reported knee insecurity during activities of daily living or light sporting activities, with associated anterior knee pain in 5 patients. Preoperatively, posterolateral or posteromedial corner injuries were ruled out through accurate clinical examination. The knees were assessed before surgery and at a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range, 2 to 5 years) with a physical examination, 4 different rating scales, and stress radiographs obtained with a Telos device (Telos, Marburg, Germany). RESULTS: Postoperative physical examination revealed a reduction of the posterior drawer and tibial step-off in all cases, although the posterior laxity was not completely normalized. Nevertheless, the patients were subjectively better after surgery. The subjective International Knee Documentation Committee score was significantly ameliorated. With regard to the objective International Knee Documentation Committee score, 6 knees (40%) were graded as abnormal because of posterior displacement of 6 mm or greater on follow-up stress radiographs with the Telos device. On the Lysholm knee scoring scale, the score was excellent in 13% of patients and good in 87%. The mean score on the Hospital for Special Surgery knee ligament rating scale was 85.8. The Tegner activity score showed an amelioration after surgery, but no patient resumed his or her preinjury level of activities. The postoperative stress radiographs revealed an improvement in posterior instability of 50% or more in all but 3 knees (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Our technique of double-bundle PCL reconstruction produced a significant reduction in knee symptoms and allowed the patients to return to moderate or strenuous activity, although the posterior tibial translation was not completely normalized and our results appear to be no better than the results of single-bundle PCL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, June 2, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, October 5, 2007

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Prevalence of positive tuberculosis skin tests during 5 years of screening in a Swiss remand prison

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) screening in prisons is recommended, but the appropriate methods remain controversial. Studies evaluating screening in remand prisons arc scarce. METHOD: Between 1997 and 2001, voluntary screening based on the tuberculin skin test (TST) was offered to all prisoners on entry into the largest remand prison in Switzerland. Prisoners with positive results underwent chest X-rays. We analysed this information collected in an anonymous database. RESULTS: A total of 4890 prisoners entered the prison and were eligible for screening; 3779 (77.3%) had TST performed on average 9 days after arrival: 46.9% were positive (induration >= 10 mm). Positive TST rates were similar over the 5 years. Women were more likely to have a negative TST (60.4%) than men (47.7%; P < 0.001, Pearson's chi(2) 16.5). Positive TSTs varied according to the prisoner's country of origin (64% for sub-Saharan Africa, 57% for Eastern Europe, 56% for North Africa, 51% for Asia and 34% for North and West Europe). CONCLUSION: The percentage of TST-positive subjects was high, and most did not receive preventive treatment for latent TB. The usefulness of systematic TST for all prisoners on entry is limited, as diagnosis of TB disease usually remains the priority in prisons. Keywords

Interação de chumbo, da saturação por bases do solo e de micorriza arbuscular no crescimento e nutrição mineral da soja

Existem divergências sobre o efeito do fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA) na absorção de metais pesados pelas plantas. Isso pode ser atribuído não só às diferenças na disponibilidade do metal no solo, espécie de FMA e de planta, mas também às possíveis interações que ocorrem entre estes e os demais fatores ambientais. Realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito da inoculação de FMAe da saturação por bases do solo sobre o crescimento, nutrição e absorção de Pb em soja crescida em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Os tratamentos consistiram de inoculação, ou não, de Glomus macrocarpum, duas doses de calcário, elevando a saturação por bases do solo a 63 e 82 %, e cinco doses de Pb (0; 7,5; 37,5; 150 e 300 mg dm-3), utilizando-se como fonte Pb(NO3)2. A inoculação do FMA aumentou a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas, as quais também apresentaram maiores teores de P e maiores quantidades acumuladas de P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe e Zn. A produção de matéria seca da soja micorrizada reduziu linearmente com o aumento da dose de Pb adicionada, em ambas as saturações por bases. No solo com menor V %, a colonização radicular pelo FMA diminuiu 40 % na maior dose de Pb adicionada, o teor de Pb na parte aérea da soja foi cinco vezes maior e as plantas micorrizadas apresentaram um teor de Pb 30 % menor do que as não micorrizadas. A adição de Pb afetou tanto o estabelecimento quanto o desempenho da simbiose. O FMA teve papel relevante na diminuição da concentração do Pb na parte aérea da soja, no solo com menor saturação por bases, conferindo tolerância à planta em uma condição de excesso de metal pesado no solo.

Metais pesados do solo após aplicação de biossólido: I - Fracionamento

Foi realizado experimento em casa de vegetação da FCAV-UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do pH e da aplicação de biossólido sobre a distribuição de Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn nas frações: trocável, orgânica, de óxidos de Fe e Al não-cristalinos, óxidos de Fe e Al cristalinos e residual de dois solos (Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico típico - RQ e Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico argiloso - LV), coletados da camada arável do terreno, e relacionar esses teores dos metais nas frações com aqueles extraídos pelas soluções de DTPA, HCl 0,1 mol L-1, Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3 e acumuladas na parte aérea de plantas de milho (Zea mays L.). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, segundo o esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 5 (dois solos, presença ou ausência de corretivos e cinco doses de biossólido). Nos tratamentos com calagem, foram adicionados materiais corretivos para elevar o pH(CaCl2) do solo a 5,3. As doses de biossólido utilizadas foram de 0; 13; 26; 52 e 78 g vaso-1 (equivalentes a 0; 10; 20; 40 e 60 t ha-1), com base no material seco. O estudo de fracionamento dos metais mostrou que a maior parte dos metais encontrava-se nas frações com ligações mais estáveis (ligados a óxidos e residual), tendo as frações (trocável e orgânica) apresentado menor representatividade, em relação ao total encontrado. No solo arenoso (RQ), maiores proporções dos metais foram encontradas nas frações mais fitodisponíveis (trocável e orgânica), quando comparado ao solo argiloso (LV). A elevação do pH do solo provocou a redistribuição dos metais da forma trocável para a orgânica e, ou, de óxidos. Por meio de ajustes de regressões múltiplas, verificou-se que as frações, trocável e orgânica, foram as maiores responsáveis pelos teores dos metais extraídos do solo pelas soluções de DTPA, HCl 0,1 mol L-1, Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3 e pelo acumulado na parte aérea do milho.

Metais pesados do solo após aplicação de biossólido: II - Disponibilidade

A utilização agrícola de resíduos industriais e urbanos com elevados teores de metais pesados tem aumentado a preocupação em determinar quais as concentrações "disponíveis" destes elementos no solo. Neste sentido, foi realizado um experimento, em casa de vegetação da FCAV-UNESP, com objetivo de comparar métodos de análise (DTPA, HCl 0,1 mol L-1, Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3) para avaliação da disponibilidade de Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn para plantas de milho (Zea mays L.), cultivadas em dois solos que receberam biossólido e corretivos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, segundo o esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 5 (dois solos, presença ou ausência de corretivos e cinco doses de biossólido). Os solos utilizados foram: Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico típico (RQ) e Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico argiloso (LV). Nos tratamentos com calagem, foram adicionados materiais corretivos para elevar o pH(CaCl2) do solo a 5,3. As doses de biossólido utilizadas foram de 0; 13; 26; 52 e 78 g vaso-1 (equivalentes a 0; 10; 20; 40 e 60 t ha-1), com base no material seco. Nenhum dos extratores testados se destacou para avaliação conjunta de todos os metais. A inclusão do pH do solo nos modelos de regressão melhorou significativamente a relação entre o Mn acumulado na parte aérea das plantas e o determinado pelos extratores.

Metais pesados em solos de área de mineração e metalurgia de chumbo: II - formas e disponibilidade para plantas

As formas e a disponibilidade dos metais pesados em solos contaminados definem o potencial de absorção pelas plantas e de contaminação das águas por lixiviação. Neste trabalho, foram usados diferentes métodos de extrações químicas com o objetivo de identificar as formas de Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni e Zn e avaliar a disponibilidade desses poluentes para girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreber) (exóticas) e grama-batatais (Paspalum notatum Flügge) (nativa) como espécies indicadoras em solos de área de mineração e metalurgia de Pb, no município de Adrianópolis (PR). Foram coletadas amostras (0 a 40 cm) em quatro ambientes da área: solo 1 - referência (mata nativa); solo 2 - pequena ocorrência de rejeitos no perfil; solo 3 - próximo da chaminé da fábrica (aporte de material particulado); solo 4 - intenso descarte de resíduos finos. Os métodos de extração empregados foram: DTPA-TEA pH 7,3; Ca(NO3)2 0,5 mol L-1; HNO3 0,5, 1,0 e 4,0 mol L-1 e água régia (HNO3/HCl concentrados - 3:1). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com três repetições. Houve intenso incremento nos teores pseudototais, trocáveis e não trocáveis de metais pesados com a mineração; os teores máximos de Pb e Zn extraídos pela água régia foram de 9.678,2 e 894,8 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Os extratores HNO3 0,5, 1,0 e 4,0 mol L-1 e água régia correlacionaram entre si quanto à extração de metais pesados nos solos. O extrator com princípio de quelação (DTPA-TEA pH 7,3) não foi eficiente na predição da disponibilidade desses metais para as plantas. As extrações nítricas devem ser preferidas para se estabelecer a fitodisponibilidade de Pb e Zn nos solos da área.

Friday Facts, February 5, 2010, Vol. 49

Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.

DSM-IV and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder among young Swiss men.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous studies suggest that the new DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) will increase the apparent prevalence of AUD. This study estimates the 12-month prevalence of AUD using both DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria and compares the characteristics of men in a high risk sample who meet both, only one and neither sets of diagnostic criteria. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 5943 Swiss men aged 18-25 years who participated in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), a population-based cohort study recruited from three of the six military recruitment centres in Switzerland (response rate = 79.2%). MEASUREMENTS: DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria, alcohol use patterns, and other substance use were assessed. FINDINGS: Approximately 31.7% (30.5-32.8) of individuals met DSM-5 AUD criteria [21.2% mild (20.1-22.2); 10.5% moderate/severe (9.7-11.3)], which was less than the total rate when DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol dependence (AD) were combined [36.8% overall (35.5-37.9); 26.6% AA (25.4-27.7); 10.2% AD (9.4-10.9)]. Of 2479 respondents meeting criteria for either diagnoses, 1585 (63.9%) met criteria for both. For those meeting DSM-IV criteria only (n = 598, 24.1%), hazardous use was most prevalent, whereas the criteria larger/longer use than intended and tolerance to alcohol were most prevalent for respondents meeting DSM-5 criteria only (n = 296, 11.9%). Two in five DSM-IV alcohol abuse cases and one-third of DSM-5 mild AUD individuals fulfilled the diagnostic criteria due to the hazardous use criterion. The addition of the craving and excluding of legal criterion, respectively, did not affect estimated AUD prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: In a high-risk sample of young Swiss males, prevalence of alcohol use disorder as diagnosed by DSM-5 was slightly lower than prevalence of DSM-IV diagnosis of dependence plus abuse; 63.9% of those who met either criterion met criteria for both.

Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial.

BACKGROUND: In 2004, a randomised phase III trial by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC) reported improved median and 2-year survival for patients with glioblastoma treated with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide and radiotherapy. We report the final results with a median follow-up of more than 5 years. METHODS: Adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were randomly assigned to receive either standard radiotherapy or identical radiotherapy with concomitant temozolomide followed by up to six cycles of adjuvant temozolomide. The methylation status of the methyl-guanine methyl transferase gene, MGMT, was determined retrospectively from the tumour tissue of 206 patients. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00006353. FINDINGS: Between Aug 17, 2000, and March 22, 2002, 573 patients were assigned to treatment. 278 (97%) of 286 patients in the radiotherapy alone group and 254 (89%) of 287 in the combined-treatment group died during 5 years of follow-up. Overall survival was 27.2% (95% CI 22.2-32.5) at 2 years, 16.0% (12.0-20.6) at 3 years, 12.1% (8.5-16.4) at 4 years, and 9.8% (6.4-14.0) at 5 years with temozolomide, versus 10.9% (7.6-14.8), 4.4% (2.4-7.2), 3.0% (1.4-5.7), and 1.9% (0.6-4.4) with radiotherapy alone (hazard ratio 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7; p<0.0001). A benefit of combined therapy was recorded in all clinical prognostic subgroups, including patients aged 60-70 years. Methylation of the MGMT promoter was the strongest predictor for outcome and benefit from temozolomide chemotherapy. INTERPRETATION: Benefits of adjuvant temozolomide with radiotherapy lasted throughout 5 years of follow-up. A few patients in favourable prognostic categories survive longer than 5 years. MGMT methylation status identifies patients most likely to benefit from the addition of temozolomide. FUNDING: EORTC, NCIC, Nélia and Amadeo Barletta Foundation, Schering-Plough.

Integrated Risk Management for Improving Internal Traffic Control, Work-Zone Safety, and Mobility during Major Construction, TPF-5(081), 2012

Highway construction is among the most dangerous industries in the US. Internal traffic control design, along with how construction equipment and vehicles interact with the traveling public, have a significant effect on how safe a highway construction work zone can be. An integrated approach was taken to research work-zone safety issues and mobility, including input from many personnel, ranging from roadway designers to construction laborers and equipment operators. The research team analyzed crash data from Iowa work-zone incident reports and Occupational Safety and Health Administration data for the industry in conjunction with the results of personal interviews, a targeted work-zone ingress and egress survey, and a work-zone pilot project.

Synthesis of Work-Zone Performance Measures, TPF-5(081), 2013

The main objective of this synthesis was to identify and summarize how agencies collect, analyze, and report different work-zone traffic-performance measures, which include exposure, mobility, and safety measures. The researchers also examined communicating performance to the public. This toolbox provides knowledge to help state departments of transportation (DOTs), as well as counties and cities, to better address reporting of work-zone performance.

Underseal Evaluation Project: Poweshiek County I-80 Near Milepost 189.5, Eastbound Roadway, MLR-85-10, 1985

The purpose of this project was to determine the optimal hole pattern needed for undersealing work, and also to determine if it is feasible to underseal a roadway with existing longitudinal subdrains without plugging the subdrain system. At the test site the hole pattern had little effect on the grout distribution. It was found that the hole pattern, to be effective, must locate existing voids and that holes must extend at least 2 in. (5 cm) below the underside of the pavement. It appeared that pavements can be undersealed without significant damage to the existing subdrains, but special care is needed to assure that excess grout is not injected into the drainage system. Recommendations are made concerning the hole pattern, grout efflux time, and procedures for minimizing the risk of plugging the subdrains with grout.

Slavistiikkaa Suomessa 1908-2004 : Suomen slavistiikan vuosikymmenet. Näyttely Slaavilaisessa kirjastossa 19.10.2004 - 28.2.2005

Suomen slavistiikan vuosikymmenet. Näyttely Slaavilaisessa kirjastossa 19.10.2004 - 28.2.2005. Näyttely on järjestetty yhteistyössä 40 vuotta täyttävän Suomen Slavistipiirin kanssa.