Análise técnica e econômica da utilização da energia solar e eólica em uma propriedade rural para geração de eletricidade, bombeamento e aquecimento de água

This paper is about a case study of using solar energy and wind energy in a farm. For this purpose were collected from the property, such as water consumption and amount of residents. So, we estimate how many conventional panels or PET bottle panels and boiler needed to supply the farm with warm water. It also calculates the amount of photovoltaic panels and the main accessories for converting solar energy into electrical energy. For the pumping of water using photovoltaic panels is dismissed and dimensioned to be a watermill

Proposta de aproveitamento de resíduos de uma indústria moveleira para produção de chapas de revestimento decorativo

Industrial activity is growing at an increasingly rapid accelerated bringing impacts not very consistent with the preservation of the environment, since it uses its resources to meet its countless demands, making the sources begin to become increasingly scarce. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of waste a furniture industry for the production of panels for the interior decoration. Were used to manufacture them, two different types of materials, where such, the Kraft paper is more efficient for the underpinnings of these panels. Regarding the type of glue used, the contact yielded better results. The initial conditions for the development of such a proposal were based on existing laws for solid waste as well as proposals for environmental agencies

Lixamento do Pinus elliotti com carbeto de silício e óxido de aluminio

The Sanding is a complex process involving many variables that affect the quality of the part produced, working mainly in the timber industry in the production of panels (MDF, MDP, HDF, etc...) and furniture. However, these industries use the sanding process empirically, not optimizing it. The aim of this study was to compare the behavior of sandpaper white aluminum oxide (OA-white) and Black silicon carbide (SiC-black), analyzing variables in the process as: strength, power, emission, vibration, wear particle size of sanding, and its consequences on the surface finish of the workpiece. Made the process of plane grinding samples of Pinus elliottii, processed in parallel to the fibers, which were sanded with sandpaper grain OA white and black 3-SiC abrasive conditions (new, moderately eroded and severely eroded) grain sizes in 3 (80, 100, and 120 mesh). 6 replicates was performed for each condition tested. Each trial was captured output variables of the sanding process: strength, power, emission and vibration. With two stages totaling 108 trials. After the sanded samples, it has the same surface quality by raising the surface roughness Ra. Through experiment, it can be concluded that abrasives OA-white tended to have higher strength, power, emissions and less vibration in the sanding process, compared to the SiC-black. However, surface finish exhibited similar to the particle size of 80 to 100 mesh, worn abrasive conditions. However, the particle size of 120 mesh, obtained by the roughness of sandpaper OA-bank was higher compared to SiC-black to all conditions of sandpaper due to its toughness

Geração de energia fotovoltaica para cargas pontuais em residências

This work, based in a patent request at INPI, protocol no. 020110035974, presents a system development using solar panels to supply the electricity demand required by punctual loads, without a storage unit or utility grid synchronism, through a control circuit that allows parallel operation with the power grid during low sunlight incidence periods. A study about solar panel construction and topologies for Power generation was done, in a atempt to evalute impacts in project. This development was modular, providing the system the possibility of power capacity expansion and load diversity as well, in an attempt to reduce the total energy requirements from the residential sector drained from the power grid along the day

Análise das propriedades físico-mecânicas de painel particulado de eucalipto composto por três camadas com duas variações de pressão

The research aimed to produce sheets of particles with waste processing of Eucalyptus sp bonded with urea-formaldehyde and evaluate the effect of pressure variation in the quality of the boards produced. To do so, the Boards made were divided into two treatments depending on the pressing pressure of 30 to 40 kgf / cm². Once pressings, climatized, the particleboards have been sectioned in test samples, and underwent physical-mechanical tests for determining density, swelling and water absorption, modulus of rupture and elasticity in static bending and internal linking. The particleboards pressed at 40 kgf / cm ² showed the best results

Produção e caracterização físico-mecânica do compósito cimento-madeira com variação granulométrica dos resíduos lignocelulósicos

The need to reduce environmental damage and add value to waste causes more and more new alternatives appear to unite these two points. One of the main ways to achieve this in timber industries and the use of waste for making panels. This work was aimed at studying the influence of particle size and density in Eucalyptus mechanical compressive strength of cement composite wood. For this study was performed production and physico-mechanical characterization of specimens, using portland cement, water and waste eucalyptus. The methodology consists of a statistical study of the results obtained by calculating the density and axial compression tests and a subsequent comparison of these results with other studies. The results showed that there are significant differences in density and compressive strength when using different particle sizes the particles of eucalyptus. In general, the smaller the particle size, the lower the compression strength and the greater the density when the samples are produced with the same trait

Análise comparativa entre Brasil e Alemanha sobre autoprodução de energia elétrica residencial

The energy crisis has affected many countries. With the growing warning with the emission in the atmosphere and the lack of resources, the seek for sustainable sources for energy genaration have become even bigger. Some Countries, as Germany, started first in this journey, creating an incentive program to self-generation with renewable sources (wind, photovoltaics, biomass, etc.), giving priority for smaller plants. In Germany the program called EEG started in 2004. In Brazil, since the beggining of 2012, the self-generators did not know how they could be beneficted for self-generation, and self-generation didn't become commun in the country. However, with NR 482, of April 17th, 2012, the parameters were defined, and the self-generator could have a guideline. Therewith, studyies can be redirected for a better knowlegde of the conditions the self-generator will be sujected, in addition to Germany's case as reference to compare with Brazil's case. In this paper these studies are made, focused in wind power (wind turbines) and photovoltaic panels

Efeito protetor da proteína anti-inflamatória Galectina-1 sobre o processo de uveíte induzida pelo inflamógeno lipopolissacarídeo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O ensino da compostagem e produção de sabão como forma de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares

Introdução: O adequado gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares (RSD) tem se estabelecido nas últimas décadas como um importante instrumento na diminuição do lixo doméstico destinados aos aterros. A compostagem doméstica e a produção de sabão a partir de óleo usado são alternativas para a reciclagem dos RSD que, ao contrário dos lixos recicláveis, não são explorados comercialmente. Assim, o ensino dessas técnicas para a comunidade pode ser uma ferramenta útil na educação ambiental, disseminando práticas que evitam a destinação final de resíduos sólidos em aterros e desenvolvendo valores para a sustentabilidade. Objetivos: Ensinar formas de reciclagem dos RSD através de técnicas de compostagem e produção de sabão a partir de óleo usado, servindo também como instrumento para promover a educação ambiental, e conscientizar a comunidade sobre a importância de um adequado gerenciamento de resíduos. Métodos: As atividades de ensino consistiram em duas partes, unindo teoria e prática, por meio da apresentação de painéis explicativos sobre compostagem, produção de sabão, e sobre as vantagens decorrentes desses processos seguida da realização das técnicas apresentadas, com a produção de sabão em barra e líquido com óleo usado, e pela montagem de pequenas composteiras em garrafões PET de 5 litros de água mineral reaproveitados. Resultados: As atividades foram realizadas em eventos abertos a sociedade de São José do Rio Preto, tais como a Semana da Tecnologia, em outubro de 2010 e a Semana do Meio Ambiente, em junho de 2011, ambas desenvolvidas no SESC (Serviço Social do Comércio) da cidade. O público foi variado, incluindo desde aposentados e donas de casa até estudantes e profissionais de diversos setores. O interesse em anotar as metodologias explicadas culminou na idéia de produzir um material impresso que contivesse as receitas de sabão (líquido e em barra), os procedimentos e dicas de como realizar a compostagem. A convite de uma escola pública, houve também a apresentação das atividades para pais de alunos e funcionários interessados em aprender as práticas para o adequado gerenciamento dos RSD, levando à discussão das possibilidades de implantação de um projeto de compostagem na própria escola.

Aplicação do conceito de geração distribuída a um sistema fotovoltaico residencial

This work presents a study about distributed generation using photovoltaic systems in the context of smart grids. The characteristics of a Smart Grid and the several aspects this concept involves - distributed generation among them - are discussed. There are also examples of equipment, like smart meters, and of national and international projects. The specificities of distributed generation and the rules and standards necessary in this sort of installation are talked through with focus in the solar energy generation method. Regarding photovoltaic systems, the working principles of the panels are presented, along with its main electrical characteristics and the technologies available. Finally there is a study concerning the sizing of a distributed generation system that involves photovoltaic panels in a residential plant. An analysis of the costs and return of investment period is made about the specific case in consideration.

Chaveamento de cargas intermitentes usando sensor de corrente

Due to concerns about rational use of energy, several alternative technologies of power generation appeared, including the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by photovoltaic panels. In low-income households, the refrigerator represents considerable impact on the electric bill, since it requires constant power given its use in food preservation. It is possible to reduce this share, with the use of an alternative energy source. This work presents a timed switching electronic system, which allows commercial equipment that is not affected by short interruptions in the power supply to use a photovoltaic panel as a source of alternative energy, which usually do not provide energy continuously. Switching is made automatically in case of low incidence of sunlight, and without any form of energy storage. Between each switching, there is a dead time without power supply, therefore preventing the use of synchronizers circuits between the photovoltaic panel and the public power grid. A circuit containing a 80C31 microcontroller is used to control the system’s switching. The photovoltaic panel’s voltage inverter is in H bridge configuration, and is also controlled by the microcontroller through Pulse Width Modulation, which makes use of preprogrammed tables to generate the control signals of the power transistors. Through the use of software simulations, the proposed system was tested, which is capable of supplying intermittent single-phase loads. The simulations indicates that the project developed in this paper can be assembled into a prototype and be tested under real operating conditions, as long as the scaling of components, the characteristics of the photovoltaic panel to be used, and the project involved load are taken into account

Análise do processo de fresamento de MDF em centro de usinagem CNC

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Correlação das características ultrassonográficas com perfil imunoistoquímico dos tumores mamários malignos

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Considerações e avaliações das solicitações em estruturas de edificações de paredes de concreto pré-moldado utilizando o modelo de pórtico tridimensional: estudo de caso

The present study is in reference to precast concrete (panels) walls as the main structural system. The diversification of the structural systems is a reality due to specific characteristics', as a result there is a lack of study and analysis. Some systems are already established in their applications, for instance: conventional reinforced concrete, structural masonry, metal structures, and wood structure. Apart from this precast concrete elements has had a growth in building sites in Brazil, therefore professionals should be more aware. Affordable house funding initiatives to address the housing shortage has been recurrent throughout the country, additionally precast concrete walls has been an alternative that meets the three basic concepts of engineering, which are: the technique, economy, and security. The objective of this study is to gather concepts from the literature and TOMO (2012) about precast concrete walls and make a didactic synthesis of how they are viewed. The modeling structure method of the system was performed following the concept of assigning bars, using the computer program of calculations SAP2000. Initially will be presented a theoretical part, furthermore a case study to illustrate the sizing of the walls using EXCEL tables programmed with calculation routine. The results will be presented in calculated efforts by the program for further analysis. Finally, will be highlighted important items of modeling and interpretation of the results

Produção de chapas de partículas com resíduos de madeira Cordia goeldiana

The aim of this research consisted in the use of wastes from tropical wood (Cordia goeldiana) with low density and the polyurethane resin (mono and bicomponent) castor oil based in the manufacture of particleboards, generating subsidies as application in rural and civil construction, as well in the furniture industry. The particleboards were manufactured with 15% of polyurethane resin content (one part of pre-polymer and one part of polyol), compaction pressure of 4MPa, pressing temperature of 90 degrees C and press time of 7 minutes. The physical and mechanical properties investigated were density, moisture content, strength modulus in bending and internal bond, both obtained according to the recommendations of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 14810:2002. The mean values obtained for these properties were systematically superior to the Brazilian standard requirement. This point showed that it is possible the use of Cordia goeldiana wastes in the particleboard production. We confirmed the hypothesis of a significant linear relation between density and the internal bond of the panels, allowing the estimation of the internal bond of particleboards.