Qualidade hídrica e morfometria da microbacia do córrego da Fazenda Glória, Taquaritinga-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Depósitos tecnogênicos na região noroeste de Goiânia (GO)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Critérios técnicos e de participação social para a recuperação florestal: quais as diferenças na definição de áreas prioritárias?

The Jararaca River Basin suffers significative environmental impacts caused by inaccurate land use. In Brazil, the areas for permanent preservation are defined and protected by the 2012 Federal Law 12.651. These areas are located in the bank side and other specific places. The objective of this paper was to analyze the results of possible alternatives in function of different procedures used in the proposal elaboration. The methodology used was the elaboration of a priority map for the recovery of these areas using the Geographic Information System with multicriterial analyses and comparing it with the guidelines from the Jararaca River Basin Management Plan. As a result, there were identified differences in the priorities defined by technical issues from the priorities defined by public consultation process.

Contribuições de Anhaia Mello ao urbanismo paulistano: de Ebenezer Howard à escola de Chicago

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da suscetibilidade a corridas de massa aplicada a dutovias: estudo de caso na bacia do Ribeirão do Roque

This scientific research aimed at to analyse the susceptibility to debris flow of the watershed of Ribeirão do Roque (SP), focusing on the upstream areas of OSBRA pipeline. This is because, mass flow can cause damage to pipes, mainly due to conditioning hydro erosion of the land in the drainage crossings, including the undermining the banks of streams. Firstly, It was conducted a literature review, aiming to identify and understand the principal characteristics and conditions of debris flow. Secondly, the physical and anthropic factors and their respective weights of influence were selected and used to determine the mass flow susceptibility. It was selected the following physical factors: type and thickness of rocks, soil and unconsolidated materials; textural density; amplitude relief; relief slope; shaped valley; and shape of slopes. Such factors are present in the physiographic subdivision map of the study area. In addition, the anthropic attributes correspond to the classes contained in the land use map. Therefore, the physical and anthropic factors were integrated through the multi-criteria analysis in a GIS environment, generating a total susceptibility map of debris flow on the scale 1:50,000. The results showed that a significative part of the study area was classified as average susceptibility. However, it was identified areas with high susceptibility in the region in which the pipe cross the Ribeirão do Roque. Moreover, at which point the river presents a closed valley and a meander shape, without a fluvial plain that would be useful to attenuate the development of the process. Consequently, if a mass flow begins in any of these most susceptible regions located upstream of the pipe, the chances that the process develops by the river and causes the excavations of his bed are quite large. However, the pipelines cross these critical areas directly on the rock (diabase), which provides additional protection against possible ...

Vulnerabilidade ambiental dos recursos hídricos interceptados por rodovias na bacia do rio Uberaba

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação ambiental simplificada dos recursos hídricos na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo

The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental impacts on the Ribeirão Preto basin in order to define the most degraded areas and their causes and to propose solutions and management strategies for them. An impacts indicator questionnaire was designed, that allowed us to establish a direct relationship between reactions achieved and environmental factors by attributing value to some impacting parameters obtained by simple visualization in the field. The questionnaire was applied at 22 points, based on the influence area of the sub-basin and variability in land use. It was determined that the main environmental impacts that affect the basin are in nature effluent wastewater released into water bodies, the disposal of waste and deforestation. These factors were mainly noticed near to Ribeirão Preto city (State of São Paulo), the most populated region. Such information provides subsidies necessary to environmental management in this basin to decreasing environmental degradation. Among the management strategies suggested, it is possible to highlight that related to the accomplishment of environmental legislation, recuperation of degraded areas and adequate treatment and disposal of effluents.

Sistema de informação geográfica na formulação de indicadores ambientais para sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos

Planning and sustainable management of water resources require actions that focuses on life quality, recovery and preservation of natural resources. As such, a municipality must have tools which empower the government with the right to exercise such actions, for example, the Master Plan and Sector Plans. To develop municipal plans which will guide the development of the city and provide information for establishment of public policies, it is of the utmost importance that they are designed based on primary and safe data. In view of these considerations, this study aimed at formulating environmental indicators by using a Geographic Information System – GIS. The environmental diagnosis based on the gvGIS was used as database, which made the process to be agile and accurate. The watershed of Lençóis River – SP was the study area. It has a good database from the Environmental Diagnosis of the watershed of Lençóis River, which was created through funds from the State Funds for Water Resources – FEHIDRO. The borrower was the Service of Water Supply and Sewage of Lençóis Paulista – SAAELP. Based on the diagnosis, the indicators were formulated concerning land use and occupation as well as water resources. The results were considered satisfactory and showed that the methodology used in this study is of great importance to evaluate water resources, as it provides a reliable basis for the decision-making process seeking environmental compliance and sustainable development. By using environmental indicators, the sustainability of an area as a whole can be analyzed, and the parts as well, i.e., it is possible to identify which sector is experiencing significant problems and take actions to solve them.

Processos geodinâmicos associados a mudanças de uso da terra: o caso da microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego Caçula (Ilha Solteira - SP)

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Geoprocessamento aplicado na determinação das áreas de preservação permanente e áreas de conflito com cultivo agrícola no município de Lençóis Paulista/SP

The city of Lençóis Paulista has a great part of its agricultural land cultivated by sugar cane and reforestation of eucalyptus and pine trees. In the county there are industries that exploit energy extracted from energy cogeneration. The city of Lençóis Paulista, in recent years, has been demonstrating considerable levels of economic and social growth with the industries that are working with sugarcane and eucalyptus mainly responsible. However, the expansion of agricultural land in many cases does not take into consideration the permanent preservation areas that are protected by the law. The APP's are of fundamental importance in the management and conservation of the environment preserving the natural plants and wildlife, and also preventing erosion and the silting of drainage networks. This objective of this study was to diagnose land use, analyze if Permanent Preservation Areas are regulated to the Brazilian Forestry Code (1965) and also diagnose areas of conflict. In relation to the use and occupation of land, the research has shown how the land is divided (agricultural crops and urban zones), and highlighted areas of conflict with the Permanent Preservation Areas. All of the information is contained in maps using Geographic Information Systems. However, it has become clear that environmental laws are not respected as much in urban areas as they are in rural areas. The PPA's are virtually nonexistent, thus creating damage to the environment and local population.

Caracterização do uso da terra em diferentes épocas na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão paraíso- são manuel sp, por meio de sistemas de informações geográficas

This study aimed to evaluate a period of 38 years, the use and soil occupation of the Paradise River watershed, inserted in the citys of São Manuel and Areiópolis-SP using aerial photographs for the year 1972 and TM image (Thematic Mapper) obtained by the Landsat-5 satellite, in 2010, using geoprocessing techniques. The watershed in question is very important for the city of São Manuel-SP, because its urban area is inserted in its divisors which part of it belongs to the Environmental Protection Area (APA) Perimeter Botucatu-SP, considered a recharge area of the aquifer Guarani. Today, the development of agriculture faces challenges, which is to produce more food without impacting the environment. Allied to this concern, research institutions have sought new technologies that allow the detection and quantification of human actions, enabling interventions in order to minimize possible damage to the environment. Among these technologies can be cited Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which a large volume of data and information stored in a region at different times can be evaluated in the same time, suggesting different approaches to the planning of land use. The results of the mapping of areas of use and soil occupation result nine classes in 1972, and the coffee culture showed the biggest occupation (37.94%) of the total area. The 2010 mapping formulated twelve classes of use, which demonstrated the predominance of sugar cane (37.94%), on the areas occupied by coffee and pasture before. The land use maps of 1972 and 2010 showed results that show intense human activity in the modification of natural landscape.

Espacialização do uso da terra da microbacia do Córrego Monte Belo - Botucatu (SP), obtido por imagem de satélite de 2011 e fotografias aéreas coloridas de 2000

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as variações de uso e ocupação do solo entre os cenários de 2000 e 2011 da microbacia do córrego Monte Belo – Botucatu (SP). Para tanto, utilizou-se de geotecnologias, sendo a integração de informações realizada no Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) - IDRISI, aliada ao uso de cartas digitais do IBGE, escala 1:50.000, além de fotografias aéreas (2000) e imagens de satélite LANDSAT - 5 (2011). Através dos dados obtidos, foram detectadas três classes de uso do solo sendo que em 2000, elas correspondem ao reflorestamento, pastagem e mata ciliar e em 2011, reflorestamento, mata ciliar e solo exposto. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que as ferramentas de análise baseadas em SIGs trazem a possibilidade de analisar as variações no espaço e no tempo além de resultar em informações que podem subsidiar o planejamento da microbacia do Córrego Monte Belo.

A legislação ambiental aplicada nas áreas de preservação permanente da microbacia do Ribeirão Duas Águas - Botucatu (SP)

O trabalho visou obter o uso do solo da microbacia do Ribeirão Duas Águas – Botucatu (SP), através de imagem de satélite, a determinação das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes (APPs) e os conflitos existentes na área. As bases cartográficas foram: a carta planialtimétrica em formato digital do IBGE de 1969 e imagem de satélite de 2011. O SIG-IDRISI Selva foi utilizado para realizar o georreferenciamento da imagem, geração dos buffer de APPs e o overlay para obtenção dos conflitos de uso além da confecção do mapa temático final. No CartaLinx foi feita a delimitação da área de estudo e dos elementos (da rede de drenagem e das áreas de uso e cobertura). O uso da terra mostrou que a microbacia vem sendo ocupada por 1149,67ha de florestas naturais; 1073,45ha de reflorestamento; 737,67ha de pastagens; 691,93ha com solo exposto e 132,33ha de campo sujo. Já quanto as APPs, elas correspondem a 366,34ha de toda a microbacia, e destas 89,32ha estãosendo usadas para outros fins evidenciando assim seu conflito de uso. Desta forma, a caracterização do uso e cobertura da terra da região possibilitou uma infinidade de informações sobre a tipologia de manejo aplicado e na identificação de problemas ambientais que se configuram em decorrência de seu uso. Quanto aos conflitos em APPs uma parte significante da área da microbacia está sendo utilizada inadequadamente, não respeitando a legislação do Código Florestal Brasileiro.

Recomposição florestal visando à conservação de recursos hídricos na bacia do Rio Pardo, SP

The Pardo River Basin represents the situation of disorderly process of use and occupation of land, where forest fragmentation is one of the results. This study evaluated the use of Multicriteria Evaluation in a GIS, specifically through method Weighted Linear Combination, the generation of map of priority areas for forest restoration in the initial part of Rio Pardo Basin, SP, aiming the conservation of water resources. It can be concluded that, the Multicriteria Evaluation in a GIS is appropriate to the mapping of priority areas for forest restoration. The map of suitability for forest recovery may be useful in the environment planning, providing public and environmental agents making decision, based on a method that takes into account the landscape as a whole and the priority is the conservation of water resources.

Diagnóstico de potenciliade das unidades ambientais na bacia do Rio Capivara, Botucatu - SP

This work has the objective to elaborate the potentialities of the farming expand diagnosis of the Capivara River Hydrographic basin, in the Botucatu – SP municipal district, to obtain an interpretation of the system actual situation through the historical trajectory and possible evolution with the assistance of the SIG Ilwis 3.4 and orbital images CBERS 2B, in the pancromatics bands, obtained in 12/07/2008. The potentialities of the farming expand diagnosis was obtained through the physical mean modeling, of the farming expand presents in the studied environment and shows possible line actions to minimize the impacts e reach a sustainable development to the region. The Capivara river basin presents more than 70% of your areas occupied by the anthropic expanding, with the extensive farming predominance, forestall planting, orange and sugar cane. In the potentiality diagnostic analyses notes the good quality of the basin to the farming expand, except the region comprehended by the Botucatu Cuesta and the meadows area. The basin until has a good environmental quality and this diagnosis must serve for a start point to the realization of the territorial ordination as quick as possible to the environment conditions finds remains the same, granting the recovery capability.