Digital Debris of Internet Art: An Allegorical and Entropic Resistance to the Epistemology of Search

This Ph.D., by thesis, proposes a speculative lens to read Internet Art via the concept of digital debris. In order to do so, the research explores the idea of digital debris in Internet Art from 1993 to 2011 in a series of nine case studies. Here, digital debris are understood as words typed in search engines and which then disappear; bits of obsolete codes which are lingering on the Internet, abandoned website, broken links or pieces of ephemeral information circulating on the Internet and which are used as a material by practitioners. In this context, the thesis asks what are digital debris? The thesis argues that the digital debris of Internet Art represent an allegorical and entropic resistance to the what Art Historian David Joselit calls the Epistemology of Search. The ambition of the research is to develop a language in-between the agency of the artist and the autonomy of the algorithm, as a way of introducing Internet Art to a pluridisciplinary audience, hence the presence of the comparative studies unfolding throughout the thesis, between Internet Art and pionners in the recycling of waste in art, the use of instructions as a medium and the programming of poetry. While many anthropological and ethnographical studies are concerned with the material object of the computer as debris once it becomes obsolete, very few studies have analysed waste as discarded data. The research shifts the focus from an industrial production of digital debris (such as pieces of hardware) to obsolete pieces of information in art practice. The research demonstrates that illustrations of such considerations can be found, for instance, in Cory Arcangel’s work Data Diaries (2001) where QuickTime files are stolen, disassembled, and then re-used in new displays. The thesis also looks at Jodi’s approach in Jodi.org (1993) and Asdfg (1998), where websites and hyperlinks are detourned, deconstructed, and presented in abstract collages that reveals the architecture of the Internet. The research starts in a typological manner and classifies the pieces of Internet Art according to the structure at play in the work. Indeed if some online works dealing with discarded documents offer a self-contained and closed system, others nurture the idea of openness and unpredictability. The thesis foregrounds the ideas generated through the artworks and interprets how those latter are visually constructed and displayed. Not only does the research questions the status of digital debris once they are incorporated into art practice but it also examine the method according to which they are retrieved, manipulated and displayed to submit that digital debris of Internet Art are the result of both semantic and automated processes, rendering them both an object of discourse and a technical reality. Finally, in order to frame the serendipity and process-based nature of the digital debris, the Ph.D. concludes that digital debris are entropic . In other words that they are items of language to-be, paradoxically locked in a constant state of realisation.

Museus (in)capacitantes : deficiência, acessibilidades e inclusão em museus de arte

Tese de doutoramento, Belas-Artes (Ciências da Arte), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Belas-Artes, 2015

Towards the End of Life: an In-depth Exploration of the Role of Admiral Nursing in Dementia Care (Innovative Practice)

There are approximately 150 Admiral Nurses in the UK who work alongside other health and social care professionals to support people with dementia and their family carers. However, the stigma of the disease and the lack of recognition that dementia is a life limiting illness have led to neglect in addressing the end of life challenges. The small in-depth study reported here aimed to add to an extremely limited formal evidence base for the effectiveness of this approach and to develop a greater understanding of the range of knowledge and skills required of them in ensuring they are better able to support families in the later stages of the illness. Findings focus on the experiences of family carers, the impact of performing the Admiral Nurse role and the use of qualitative measures in this setting.

Vascular dysfunction in children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies: underlying mechanisms and future implications.

Epidemiological studies in humans have demonstrated a relationship between pathological events during fetal development and increased cardiovascular risk later in life and have led to the so called "Fetal programming of cardiovascular disease hypothesis". The recent observation of generalised vascular dysfunction in young apparently healthy children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) provides a novel and potentially very important example of this hypothesis. This review summarises recent data in ART children demonstrating premature subclinical atherosclerosis in the systemic circulation and pulmonary vascular dysfunction predisposing to exaggerated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. These problems appear to be related to the ART procedure per se. Studies in ART mice demonstrating premature vascular aging and arterial hypertension further demonstrate the potential of ART to increase cardiovascular risk and have allowed to unravel epigenetic alterations of the eNOS gene as an underpinning mechanism. The roughly 25% shortening of the life span in ART mice challenged with a western style high-fat-diet demonstrates the potential importance of these alterations for the long-term outcome. Given the young age of the ART population, data on cardiovascular endpoints will not be available before 20 to 30 years from now. However, already now cohort studies of the ART population are needed to early detect cardiovascular alterations with the aim to prevent or at least optimally treat cardiovascular complications. Finally, a debate needs to be engaged on the future of ART and the consequences of its exponential growth for public health.

An exploratory study of nurses' perceptions of their action learning experience /

Each year, the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) requires all registered nurses and registered practical nurses in Ontario to complete a Reflective Practice learning activity. In doing so, nurses are expected to perform a self- assessment, identify a practice problem or issue, create and implement a personal learning plan, and evaluate the learning and outcomes accomplished. The process and components of CNO's Reflective Practice program are very similar to an Action Learning activity. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the perceptions of 1 1 nurses who completed at least 1 Action Learning activity. Data analysis of their comments provided insight into their perceptions of the Action Learning experience, perceptions of the negative and positive characteristics of various activities within the Action Learning process, and perceptions of barriers or challenges within this experience. The author concluded that participants perceived their Action Learning activities to be a positive experience because the process focused on practice problems and issues, enhanced thinking about practice problems, and achieved practice-relevant outcomes. However, the results indicated that self-directed learning and journal writing were difficult activities for some participants, and some experienced negative emotional responses during reflection. The research concluded that barriers to implementation of Action Learning include a lack of understanding of the process and a perceived lack of support from employers.

Giving voice to lifelong learning in professional nursing practice

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to uncover the meaning of lifelong learning to nurses in an Academic Health Care setting. Six female pediatric nurses were interviewed and audiotaped in response to 2 main questions of interpretation and engagement in lifelong learning with respect to their nursing practice. Four additional probing questions elicited responses of further qualities and characteristics of the meaning of lifelong learning. The emergent themes uncovered the characteristics and nature of the journey of lifelong learning. The themes evolved into parallel characteristics developing into the concepts of personal empowerment and occupational authorship. The personal empowerment concept involved processes whereby the participants overcame or removed barriers to engage in personal lifelong learning. Participants utilized personal power and internal motivators to sustain their engagement in lifelong learning. The occupational authorship concept involved participants controlling their exploration into lifelong learning through collaboration and recognition of occupational demands to be met as a professional. The remaining themes revealed a seasoning journey. This journey entailed a process of mastery through the themes of engagement discord, discovery pilgrimage, transforming, and maturation. The engagement in this journey resulted in their lifelong learning to becoming more intuitive and a part oftheir being. The overall theme uncovered from the journeys was one of a vocation described as a call to thinking critically of nursing practice. The participants responded to lifelong learning as a call to be a good nurse by using critical thinking through reflection, transformative and constructionist learning processes. This study gave voice to the meaning of lifelong learning in their nursing practice as interpreted by -ao the nurse participants.

Nurses' attitudes toward computers before and two months after training

This study examined nurses' attitudes toward computers before training and 2 months after training. A quantitative approach and a nonexperimental survey design were used in this study. Stronge and Brodt's (1985) instrument, Nurses' Attitudes Toward Computerization Questionnaire, was used to assess 27 nurses' attitudes prior to and 2 months after computer training. Demographic variables also were collected on the questionnaires. The results of this study showed that, overall, nurses had positive attitudes towards computers in both questionnaires. The results of the first questionnaire were consistent with other studies. There were no studies that involved a follow-up questionnaire using Stronge and Brodt's (1985) instrument. Attitude scores of Questionnaire 2 were higher than attitude scores of Questionnaire 1. More time for nursing tasks, less time for quality patient care, and threat to job security questions were found to be statistically significant. This study found no statistical significance between attitudes and demographic variables. Younger nurses a~d nurses with fewer years of computer experience were most likely to exhibit positive attitudes. Implications for practice and future research were discussed. Some limitations were identified and discussed.

The examination of assumptions in clinical nursing practice

This was a study designed to identify and explore the assumptions that Registered Nurses have about their current nursing role and practice. A qualitative case study approach was used to gather descriptive data. Thirteen study participants completed the indicators of critical thinking exercise and participated in a group session in which they identified positive and negative critical incidents in their clinical practice. The analysis of the anecdotes that were generated from the critical incident exercises revealed ten assumptions held by the Registered Nurses about their nursing practice. The ten assumptions were reflected back to the study participants to determine their level of agreement with each assumption. The ten assumptions were supported by the majority of the respondents. The Registered Nurses in this study appraised themselves affirmatively on eight out of nine indicators of critical thinking.

The impact of hospital downsizing on registered nurses displaced from full-time employment

This research identified and explored the various responses often women Registered Nurses displaced from full-time elnployment as staff nurses in general hospitals in southern Ontario. These nurses were among the hundreds in Ontario who were displaced between October 1991 and October 1995 as a result of organizational downsizing and other health care reform initiatives. The purpose ofthis research was to document tIle responses of nurses to job displacement, and how that experience impacted on a nurse's professional identity and her understanding of the nature and utilization of nursing labour. This study incorporated techniques consistent with the principles of naturalistic inquiry and the narrative tradition. A purposive sample was drawn from the Health Sector Training and Adjustment Program database. Data collection and analysis was a three-step process wherein the data collection in each step was informed by the data analysis in the preceding step. The main technique used for qualitative data collection was semistructured, individual and group interviews. Emerging from the data was a rich and textured story ofhow job displacement disrupted the meaningful connections nurses had with their work. In making meaning of this change, displaced nurses journeyed along a three-step path toward labour adjustment. Structural analysis was the interpretive lens used to view the historical, sociopolitical and ideological forces which constrained the choices reasonably available to displaced nurses while Kelly's personal construct theory was the lens used to view the process of making choices and reconstruing their professional identity.

The Impact of Hospital Downsizing on Registered Nurses Displaced from Full -Time Employment

This research identified and explored the various responses of ten women Registered Nurses displaced from full-time employment as staff nurses in general hospitals in southern Ontario. These nurses were among the hundreds in Ontario who were displaced between October 1991 and October 1995 as a result of organizational downsizing and other health care reform initiatives. The purpose of this research was to document the responses of nurses to job displacement, and how that experience impacted on a nurse's professional identity and her understanding of the nature and utilization of nursing labour. This study incorporated techniques consistent with the principles of naturalistic inquiry and the narrative tradition. A purposive sample was drawn from the Health Sector Training and Adjustment Program database. Data collection and analysis was a three-step process wherein the data collection in each step was informed by the data analysis in the preceding step. The main technique used for qualitative data collection was semistructured, individual and group interviews. Emerging from the data was a rich and textured story of how job displacement disrupted the meaningful connections nurses had with their work. In making meaning of this change, displaced nurses journeyed along a three-step path toward labour adjustment. Structural analysis was the interpretive lens used to view the historical, sociopolitical and ideological forces which constrained the choices reasonably available to displaced nurses while Kelly's personal construct theory was the lens used to view the process of making choices and reconstruing their professional identity.

Le primitivisme et l'art des enfants dans l'oeuvre de Léon Bellefleur (1945-1950)

Les illustrations ont été retirées de la version numérique pour des raisons de droit d'auteur.

A Shine of Truth in the "universal delusional context of reification" (Theodor W. Adorno)

“A Shine of Truth in the ‘universal delusional context of reification’ (Theodor W. Adorno)” comprend sept chapitres, un prologue et un épilogue. Chaque partie se construit à deux niveaux : (1) à partir des liens qui se tissent entre les phrases contiguës ; et (2) à partir des liens qui se tissent entre les phrases non contiguës. Les incipit des paragraphes forment l’argument principal de la thèse. Le sujet de la thèse, Schein (apparence, illusion, clarté) est abordé de manière non formaliste, c’est à dire, de manière que la forme donne d’elle-même une idée de la chose : illusion comme contradiction imposée. Bien que le sujet de la thèse soit l’illusion, son but est la vérité. Le Chapitre I présente une dialectique de perspectives (celles de Marx, de Lukács, de Hegel, de Horkheimer et d'Adorno) pour arriver à un critère de vérité, compte tenu du contexte d’aveuglement universel de la réification ; c’est la détermination de la dissolution de l’apparence. Le Chapitre II présente le concept d’apparence esthétique—une apparence réversible qui s’oppose à l’apparence sociale générée par l’industrie de la culture. Le Chapitre III cherche à savoir si la vérité en philosophie et la vérité en art sont deux genres distincts de vérités. Le Chapitre IV détermine si l’appel à la vérité comme immédiateté de l’expression, fait par le mouvement expressionniste du 20e siècle, est nouveau, jugé à l’aune d’un important antécédent à l’expressionisme musical : « Der Dichter spricht » de Robert Schumann. Le Chapitre V se penche sur la question à savoir si le montage inorganique est plus avancé que l’expressionisme. Le Chapitre VI reprend là où Peter Bürger clôt son essai Theorie de l’avant-garde : ce chapitre cherche à savoir à quel point l’oeuvre d’art après le Dada et le Surréalisme correspond au modèle hégélien de la « prose ». Le Chapitre VII soutient que Dichterliebe, op. 48, (1840), est une oeuvre d’art vraie. Trois conclusions résultent de cette analyse musicale détaillée : (1) en exploitant, dans certains passages, une ambigüité dans les règles de l’harmonie qui fait en sorte tous les douze tons sont admis dans l’harmonie, l’Opus 48 anticipe sur Schoenberg—tout en restant une musique tonale ; (2) l’Opus 48, no 1 cache une tonalité secrète : à l'oeil, sa tonalité est soit la majeur, soit fa-dièse mineur, mais une nouvelle analyse dans la napolitaine de do-dièse majeur est proposée ici ; (3) une modulation passagère à la napolitaine dans l’Opus 48, no 12 contient l’autre « moitié » de la cadence interrompue à la fin de l’Opus 48, no 1. Considérés à la lumière de la société fausse, l’Allemagne des années 1930, ces trois aspects anti-organiques témoignent d’une conscience avancée. La seule praxis de vie qu’apporte l’art, selon Adorno, est la remémoration. Mais l’effet social ultime de garder la souffrance vécue en souvenir est non négligeable : l’émancipation universelle.

Éclatement des repères artistiques : la philosophie face à la crise de l'art contemporain

L’effondrement des repères artistiques (que plusieurs associent aux premiers ready-made de Marcel Duchamp) dévoile les symptômes d’une crise de l’art. Comme l’histoire de l’art est en quelque sorte la représentation de ce que nous sommes, on peut raisonnablement penser que la crise s’étend bien au-delà de l’art. Toutefois, l’art possède un éclairage puissant, car il illustre, littéralement, plusieurs problèmes notamment au niveau du jugement et de la raison. Faute de repères, le monde contemporain manquerait-il de discernement ? Cette question est tout à fait légitime dans le contexte actuel où tout et n’importe quoi semblent pouvoir être élevés au rang de l’Art. Le culte que l’on voue à l’individu paraît être l’une des causes du problème. On observe qu’en régime de singularité (pour reprendre l’expression de la sociologue de l’art, Nathalie Heinich) les relations du monde de l’art sont de plus en plus conflictuelles : lorsqu’on demande à un artiste de justifier son propre travail, la rationalité devient nécessairement instrumentale ; on rend également caduc le rôle du critique et des institutions. Ce mémoire s’intéresse à analyser, dans une perspective philosophique, les différentes manifestations de la crise de l’art et ses enjeux dans le monde actuel.

Mythen und Mythenbildung in Kunst und Werbung

Aufgrund der breiten aktuellen Verwendung des Mythen-Begriffs in Kunst und Werbung, aber darüber hinaus auch in nahezu allen Bereichen gesellschaftlichen Lebens und vor allem in der Philosophie ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, einen erweiterten Mythos-Begriff über das Historisch-Authentische hinaus zu verfolgen. Ausgehend von einer strukturalen Annäherung an den Mythos-Begriff im Sinne des von Roland Barthes vorgeschlagenen sekundären semiologischen Systems, d.h. einer semiologischen Sinnverschiebung zur Schaffung einer neuen – mythischen – Bedeutung, fordert diese neue Bedeutung eine Analyse, eine Mythenanalyse heraus. Dies ist deshalb so entscheidend, weil eben diese neue Bedeutung ihr mythisches Profil im Sinne von Hans Blumenberg durch forcierte Bedeutsamkeit für Individuen oder für bestimmte gesellschaftliche Gruppierungen unterlegt, z.B. durch bewusst intensive Wiederholung eines Themas oder durch unerwartete Koinzidenzen von Ereignissen oder durch Steigerung bzw. Depotenzierung von Fakten. Der erweiterte Mythen-Begriff verlangt nach einer Strukturierung und führt dabei zu unterschiedlichen Mythen-Ansätzen: zum Ursprungsstoff des authentischen Mythos und darauf basierender Geisteslage, zum Erkennen eines reflektierten Mythos, wenn es um das Verhältnis Mythos/Aufklärung geht, zum Zeitgeist-Mythos mit seinen umfangreichen Ausprägungen ideologischer, affirmativer und kritischer Art oder zu Alltagsmythen, die sich auf Persönlichkeitskulte und Sachverherrlichungen beziehen. Gerade der letztere Typus ist das Terrain der Werbung, die über den Gebrauchswert eines Produktes hinaus Wert steigernde Tauschwerte durch symbolische Zusatzattribute erarbeiten möchte. Hierbei können Markenmythen unterschiedlichster Prägung entstehen, denen wir täglich im Fernsehen oder im Supermarkt begegnen. Die Manifestation des Mythos in der Kunst ist einerseits eine unendliche Transformationsgeschichte mythischer Substanzen und andererseits ein überhöhender Bezug auf Zeitgeisterscheinungen, etwa bei dem Mythos des Künstlers selbst oder der durch ihn vorgenommenen „Verklärung des Gewöhnlichen“. Die Transformationsprozesse können u.a . prototypisch an zwei Beispielketten erläutert werden, die für den Kunst/Werbung-Komplex besonders interessant sind, weil ihr Charakter sich in einem Fall für die Werbung als äußerst Erfolg versprechend erwiesen hat und weil sich im zweiten Fall geradezu das Gegenteil abzeichnet: Zum einen ist es die Mythengestalt der Nymphe, jene jugendliche, erotisch-verführerische Frauengestalt, die über ihre antiken Wurzeln als Sinnbild der Lebensfreude und Fruchtbarkeit hinaus in und nach der Renaissance ihre Eignung als Verbildlichung der Wiederzulassung des Weiblichen in der Kunst beweist und schließlich der Instrumen-talisierung der Werbung dient. Im anderen Fall ist es die Geschichte der Medusa, die man idealtypisch als die andere Seite der Nympha bezeichnen kann. Hier hat Kunst Auf-klärungsarbeit geleistet, vor allem durch die Verschiebung des medusischen Schreckens von ihr weg zu einer allgemein-medusischen Realität, deren neue Träger nicht nur den Schrecken, sondern zugleich ihre Beteiligung an der Schaffung dieses Schreckens auf sich nehmen. Mythosanalyse ist erforderlich, um die Stellungnahmen der Künstler über alle Epochen hinweg und dabei vor allem diese Transformationsprozesse zu erkennen und im Sinne von Ent- oder Remythologisierung einzuordnen. Die hierarchische Zuordnung der dabei erkannten Bedeutungen kann zu einem Grundbestandteil einer praktischen Philosophie werden, wenn sie einen Diskurs durchläuft, der sich an Jürgen Habermas’ Aspekt der Richtigkeit für kommunikatives Handeln unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Toleranz orientiert. Dabei ist nicht nur zu beachten, dass eine verstärkte Mythenbildung in der Kunst zu einem erweiterten Mythen-begriff und damit zu dem erweiterten, heute dominierenden Kunstbegriff postmoderner Prägung geführt hat, sondern dass innerhalb des aktuellen Mythenpakets sich die Darstellungen von Zeitgeist- und Alltagsmythen zu Lasten des authentischen und des reflektierten Mythos entwickelt haben, wobei zusätzlich werbliche Markenmythen ihre Entstehung auf Verfahrensvorbildern der Kunst basieren. Die ökonomische Rationalität der aktuellen Gesellschaft hat die Mythenbildung keines-wegs abgebaut, sie hat sie im Gegenteil gefördert. Der neuerliche Mythenbedarf wurde stimuliert durch die Sinnentleerung der zweckrationalisierten Welt, die Ersatzbedarf anmeldete. Ihre Ordnungsprinzipien durchdringen nicht nur ihre Paradedisziplin, die Ökonomie, sondern Politik und Staat, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Das Umschlagen der Aufklärung wird nur zu vermeiden sein, wenn wir uns Schritt für Schritt durch Mythenanalyse unserer Unmündigkeit entledigen.

Practising Open Education (ART & DESIGN)

Practising
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Education :
 Developing
 the
 Potential 
of 
Open
 Educational
 Resources
 in 
Art,
Design 
and 
Media. A collection of materials uploaded as part of the OER project.