894 resultados para Nature of Science


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Report of the Indoor Multipurpose Use and Training Facility Revenue Bond Funds of Iowa State University of Science and Technology as of and for the year ended June 30, 2008

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Report of the Regulated Materials Facility Revenue Bond Funds of Iowa State University of Science and Technology as of and for the year ended June 30, 2008

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Report of the Memorial Union Revenue Bond Funds of Iowa State University of Science and Technology as of and for the year ended June 30, 2008

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Report of the Athletic Facilities Revenue Bond Funds of Iowa State University of Science and Technology as of and for the year ended June 30, 2008

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In this paper we carefully link knowledge flows to and from a firm s innovation process with this firm s investment decisions. Three types of investments are considered: investments in applied research, investments in basic research, and investments in intellectual property protection. Only when basic research is performed, can the firm effectively access incoming knowledge flows and these incoming spillovers serve to increase the efficiency of own applied research. The firm can at the same time influence outgoing knowledge flows, improving appropriability of its innovations, by investing in protection. Our results indicate that firms with small budgets for innovation will not invest in basic research. This occurs in the short run, when the budget for know-how creation is restricted, or in the long-run, when market opportunities are low, when legal protection is not very important, or, when the pool of accessible and relevant external know-how is limited. The ratio of basic to applied research is non-decreasing in the size of the pool of accessible external know-how, the size and opportunity of the market, and, the effectiveness of intellectual property rights protection. This indicates the existence of economies of scale in basic research due to external market related factors. Empirical evidence from a sample of innovative manufacturing firms in Belgium confirms the economies of scale in basic research as a consequence of the firm s capacity to access external knowledge flows and to protectintellectual property, as well as the complementarity between legal and strategic investments.

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Audit report on the Iowa State Center Business Office of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the year ended June 30, 2008

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Report on a special investigation of the Engineering Communications and Marketing Department (ECM) of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the period January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2007

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Audit report on Iowa State University of Science and Technology as of and for the year ended June 30, 2008

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Report on Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2008

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Schedule of Debt Service and Coverage for Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the Academic Building Revenue Bond Funds for the year ended June 30, 2009

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Audit report on the Student Health Facility Revenue Bond Funds of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the year ended June 30, 2009

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Audit report of Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, (Iowa State University) for the year ended June 30, 2009

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Agreed-upon procedures report on the Iowa State Center Business Office of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the year ended June 30, 2009