Fishing resources in the rio Cuiabá basin, Pantanal do Mato Grosso, Brazil

O recurso pesqueiro da bacia do rio Cuiabá, um dos mais importantes tributários da bacia do Alto Paraguai, formadora do Pantanal, foi estudado a partir dos dados de desembarque de pescado obtidos no Mercado do Porto de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. São descritas a composição e procedência das capturas para os anos de 2000 e 2001. O rio Cuiabá é a fonte dominante de pescado para a cidade de Cuiabá, mas uma parte do pescado comercializado localmente é oriunda do rio Paraguai. Além disso, atualmente o pescado vem de regiões mais distantes da zona urbana. Constatou-se que a pesca incide basicamente sobre espécies migradoras. As principais espécies capturadas foram os pimelodídeos pintado -Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, cachara -Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum e jaú -Paulicea luetkeni e os caraciformes pacu -Piaractus mesopotamicus, piraputanga -Brycon microlepis, piavuçu -Leporinus macrocephalus e dourado -Salminus brasiliensis. Os grandes bagres (Pimelodidae) foram os responsáveis por 70% do pescado desembarcado no período de estudo, dentre os quais o pintado foi a espécie mais capturada. Os dados indicam que as capturas atuais estão bem aquém daquelas registradas no início da década de 80. Além disso, apesar do número e composição de espécies capturadas serem similares àqueles da década de 80, a distribuição da abundância mudou. Atualmente a pesca captura mais espécies carnívoras do que espécies de níveis tróficos inferiores. Estes achados não podem ser creditados somente a sobrepesca, mas parecem resultar de uma complexa interação entre degradação ambiental, mudanças na preferência de mercado e medidas legais restritivas à pesca.

Investigação dos métodos avaliativos utilizados por fisioterapeutas na especificidade da neurologia funcional

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Anatomia de escapos de espécies de Bromeliaceae da Amazônia, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Escapos de Aechmea bromeliifolia, A. castelnavii, A. mertensii (Bromelioideae), Dyckia duckei, D. paraensis, D. racemosa (Pitcairnioideae), Tillandsia adpressiflora, T. didistachae e T. paraensis (Tillandsioideae) foram coletados nas regiões amazônicas (MT), visando caracterizar sua anatomia e levantar dados úteis para a delimitação taxonômica e sobre as adaptações das espécies estudadas. Os escapos analisados apresentam epiderme, córtex e cilindro vascular distintos, com idioblastos contendo mucilagem no córtex, endoderme contínua, e feixes vasculares colaterais simples e compostos. Presença de células epidérmicas de paredes espessadas por lignina e idioblastos contendo ráfides são comuns nas espécies estudadas de Aechmea e Tillandsia, e presença de cordão esclerótico (periciclo) contínuo e feixes vasculares concentrados na periferia do cilindro vascular são comuns em Dyckia e Tillandsia. As Aechmea estudadas apresentam periciclo descontínuo como caráter exclusivo. A presença de canais de ar no córtex é um caráter exclusivo das espécies de Tillandsia. As espécies estudadas são epífitas e apresentam estruturas adaptativas ao hábito como: células da epiderme, hipoderme e periciclo com paredes espessadas; presença de canais de ar; idioblastos contendo mucilagem e ráfides.

Dinâmica populacional de ácaros fitófagos (Acari, Eriophyidae, Tenuipalpidae) em seis clones de seringueira no sul do Estado de Mato Grosso

Foi estudada a dinâmica populacional de Calacarus heveae Feres, 1992, Phyllocoptruta seringueirae Feres, 1998 (Eriophyidae) e Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, 1945 (Tenuipalpidae) em seis clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), com o intuito de conhecer a sazonalidade e as possíveis diferenças nos níveis de infestação dessas espécies sobre os diferentes clones, em seringal localizado no sul do Estado de Mato Grosso. Para isso, no período de março de 2004 a março de 2005, foram realizadas coletas num intervalo médio de catorze dias em seis parcelas clonais. em cada amostragem, foram analisados 100 folíolos de cada parcela, registrando-se o número total de ácaros encontrados em ambas as faces. Os níveis de infestação das espécies variaram entre os diferentes clones. O clone RRIM 600 apresentou maior abundância de T. heveae, enquanto que PB 235 e PB 260 de P. seringueira e C. heveae, respectivamente. Por outro lado, esse último clone apresentou menor número de indivíduos de T. heveae e P. seringueirae, e PB 235 de C. heveae. O primeiro semestre foi o período crítico de infestação, porém a duração da ocorrência e o pico de abundância dos fitófagos variaram nos diferentes clones.

Anticorpos contra o vírus rábico em seres humanos com atividades no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil

Uma caracterização do perfil sorológico de 102 indivíduos com constantes atividades no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso foi realizada por meio de fichas epidemiológicas e provas sorológicas para titulação de anticorpos contra o vírus da raiva, no período de novembro de 1999 a novembro de 2000. Dessas pessoas, 27 tinham sido vacinadas em esquema de pré-exposição e 75 não tinham recebido nenhum esquema de vacinação anti-rábica. Os resultados deste estudo puderam classificar os indivíduos em diferentes grupos (G1, G2, G3 e G4). As 19 (18,6%) pessoas do grupo G1, previamente vacinadas contra raiva, apresentaram titulação abaixo de 0,5 UI/mL; no grupo G2, as 8 (7,8%) pessoas, também previamente vacinadas, apresentaram títulos superiores a 0,5UI/mL; no grupo G3, as 67 (65,6%) pessoas, não vacinadas contra o vírus rábico, apresentaram titulação abaixo de 0,5UI/mL; e finalmente no grupo G4, as 8 (7,8%) pessoas, que nunca receberam esquema vacinal, apresentaram títulos acima de 0,5UI/mL. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que existe necessidade de avaliação epidemiológica e acompanhamento sorológico. de pessoas submetidas a vacinação anti-rábica pré-exposição em hospitais veterinários.

Astyanax pirapuan: a new characid species from the upper Rio Paraguay system, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil (Characiformes, Characidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização da piscicultura na microrregião da baixada cuiabana, Mato Grosso, Brasil

The objective of this study was to characterize the fish farms located in the lowland micro region in Cuiaba, MT, through interviews with 26 selected farmers which represent the universe of fish farms that are active. Qualitative data were subjected to statistical Chi-square test to diagnose the existence of correlation between them with 95% confidence. These results support the conclusion that the species that compose the group of round fish are present in 100% of fish farms, accounting 88.2% of production. The difference is that production exclusively in nurseries and the largest area of shallow water, with production in higher scale than elsewhere in the country, with prospects of growth in area and productivity. Some actions should be implemented: legislation objectively and with sufficient qualified personnel to inspect the enterprises, applied research in food management and feed production with better price and quality, technical and administrative management, use of juveniles with proven genetics and monitoring of water quality. Fish farming is the main source of income funding for 67.5% of farmers interviewed. The size of the fish farms did not affect the variables related to implementation, conduct and management of the activity. The demand and price of feed are the variables that most directs the decision making of farmers. The main marketing channel used by medium and large farmers is exclusively, the slaughterhouses. The main part of fish is sold processed.

Efeitos tóxicos de surfactantes fitossanitários para o peixe mato grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques)

Toxic effects of phytosanitary surfactants for jewel tetra (Hyphessobrycon eques). Surfactants are amphipatic molecules that reduce the surface tension of water and make up the inert components of pesticide formulations. Thus, the objectives of this study were: to estimate the lethal concentration (LC(I)50;96h); classify and evaluate water quality during testing of the following surfactants: Agral[registered trademark], Aterbane[registered trademark]BR, Ag-bem[registered trademark], Energic[registered trademark], Fixade[registered trademark] and Gotafix[registered trademark] for jewel tetra (Hyphessobrycon eques); and the signs of intoxication in the animals. For this, the fish were acclimated for ten days in the bioassay room. The animals were exposed to the surfactants in an entirely randomized design with three replications. The LC(I)(50;96h) of surfactant Agral[registered trademark] was 3.29 mg L-1; Aterbane[registered trademark] BR 8.21 mg L-1; Energic[registered trademark] 2.34 mg L-1; Gotafix[registered trademark] 4.37 mg L-1; Fixade[registered trademark] 3.38 mg L-1; and Ag-bem[registered trademark] 34.95 mg L-1. The variables of water quality were unchanged. The fish showed an increase in the opercular beating after exposure; 4 and 24 hours, loss of gasping ability; 48 hours, slow opercular beating; and 72 and 96 hours later, recovery. The surfactants Energic[registered trademark], Agral[registered trademark], Gotafix[registered trademark], Aterbane[registered trademark] BR and Fixade[registered trademark] can be classified as moderately toxics, and Ag-Bem[registered trademark] as slightly toxic for H. eques; this organism shows similar intoxication signs for all surfactants.

Biomass fire consumption and carbon release rates of rainforest-clearing experiments conducted in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil

Biomass consumption and carbon release rates during the process of forest clearing by fire in five test plots are presented and discussed. The experiments were conducted at the Caiabi Farm near the town of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in five square plots of 1 ha each designated A, B, C, D, and E, with different locations and timing of fire. Plot A was located in the interface with a pasture, with three edges bordering on the forest, and was cut and burned in 1997. Plots B,C, D, and E were located inside the forest. Plot B was cut and burned in 1997. Plot C was inside a deforested 9-ha area, which was cut and burned in 1998. Plot D was inside a deforested 4-ha area, which was cut in 1998 and burned in 1999. Plot E was inside a deforested 4-ha area which was cut and burned in 1999. Biomass consumption was 22.7%, 19.5%, 47.5%, 61.5% and 41.8%, for A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. The effects of an extended curing period and of increasing the deforested area surrounding the plots could be clearly observed. The consumption for areas cut and burned during the same year, tended toward a value of nearly 50% when presented as a function of the total area burned. The aboveground biomass of the test site and the amount of carbon before the fire were 496 Mg ha-1 and 138 Mg ha-1, respectively. Considering that the biomass that remains unburned keeps about the same average carbon content of fresh biomass, which is supported by the fact that the unburned material consists mainly of large logs and considering the value of 50% for consumption, the amount of carbon released to the atmosphere as gases was 69 Mg ha-1. The amounts of CO2 and CO released to the atmosphere by the burning process were then estimated as 228 Mg ha-1 and 15.9 Mg ha-1, respectively. Observations on fire propagation and general features of the slash burnings in the test areas complete the paper. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.

Fish stock assessment of piraputanga Brycon microlepis in the Cuiabá River Basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fork length measurements of individuals of Brycon microlepis landed and commercialized at the Porto Market in Cuiabá, MT, from May-October 1996 to May-October 1997 were used to estimate growth and mortality parameters for this species. The average estimated populational parameters were: L∞_ = 705 mm, k = 0.275 year -1, C = 0.775, WP = 0.465, Lc = 164 mm, M = 0.585 year -1, Z = 0.822 year -1, with F = 0.237 year -1. Yield per recruit analysis suggests that the stock is not yet overexploited.

Dinâmica da ocupação do solo bacia do Rio Itiquira, Mato Grosso, Brasil

The study area corresponds to the basin of the Itiquira river high course, totalling 5,361km2. In this area a study of the environmental dynamics was made, applying SIG techniques and satellite images of the years 1966, 1985 and 1996. In 1966 the areas of natural vegetation (forests and groves) occupied 90.64% of the total of the area, which was diminished to 60.57% in 1985 and to only 36.66% in 1996. In this process, 289,382ha of a total of 485,928ha of natural vegetal covering had been lost. At the same time, the agrarian surfaces (agriculture and pasture) that occupied only 0.52% of the total area in 1966, increased to 34.89% in 1985 and to 59.04% in 1996. In 30 years there was an increase of 313,725ha of cultivated lands, corresponding to about 113 times the land occupation of the year of 1966 (2,798ha). The areas classified as urban show a gradual increase since 1966, from 39ha in 1996 to 58ha in 1985, and to 178ha in 1996. The other classes of soil use and occupation (reforestement areas, uncovered and affected by fire and humid areas) added were smaller than 4,27% in 1996.

Tolerância de perdas de solo na bacia do rio Itiquira, Mato Grosso, Brasil

The geographic area of the present study corresponds to the basin of the Itiquira river high course (Figure 1), in the portion that extends from the tributaries of its source, in the east of the plateau Correntes/Itiquira, in the neighbourhoods the city of Alto Garç as, to the scarp of the São Jerônimo mountain range, toward the west of Itiquira, in the state of Mato Grosso, totalizing 5,361 km 2. The area is placed in the eastern part of the Alto Paraguai basin, in the western portion of the Paraná Sedimentary Basin plateau. Through GIS techniques, it was possible to asses total soil losses from the Itiquira river basin, considering the years of 1966, 1985 and 1996, being based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Thus, in 1966 the basin lost 201,546.94 ton of soil, with an average loss of 0.37 ton/ha/year. Considering that the total area of the Itiquira river basin is of 536,100 ha, while in 1985 the soil losses had passed to 1,760,833.40 ton, with an increase of approximately 8.5 times. The average of soil losses in 1985 was of 3.28 ton/ha/year. In 1996 the basin lost 1,662,043.24 ton, with a reduction of only 9.4% in relation to 1985 but, in relation the 1966, the increase continued in the order of 8 times. The average losses per hectare in this year was in the order of 3.10 ton/ha/year (Chart 1). The map of potential of the laminar erosion for 1966 (Figure 3), shows to the highest values in small areas, situated in the northeast of the area, in Alto Garças, with values between 10 the 20 ton/ha/year and some spots in sources of the Itiquira and Ariranha rivers, with values between 1 the 5 ton/ha/year. In a general way, however, the area presents low soil loss for laminar erosion in this year, with inferior values to 1 ton/ha/year. The higher class of erosion, over 10 ton/ha/year, occupied 2,947 ha in 1966. In the year of 1985 (Figure 4), the erosive process spread over the entire studied area, and the class of erosion over of 10 ton/ha/year, already started to occupy 78,437 ha, implying an increase of approximately 27 times in 19 years. A strong increment in the erosive process was noticed in the western part of the area, to along the BR-163 road, exactly where great areas of natural vegetation (open pasture) had been transformed in culture and pasture areas. In the north-eastern part of the area it was also noticed an increment in the erosive process in agreement with the increase of culture areas and reduction of the natural areas, but it was not of so intense form as in the western portion of the area. In the year of 1996 (Figure 5), the class of erosion over of 10 ton/ha/year had diminished for a total of 53.499 ha noticing a retraction of the erosive process in the western part of the area, alongside the BR-163 road. On the other hand, it occurred a strong increment in the northern part of the area, in the neighbourhoods of the city of Alto Garças, alongside the BR-364 road and part of the MT-040 road. In a general way, in the outskirts of the city of Itiquira, in the central part of the area, it was verified an increase of the amount of zones with erosion between 0-1 ton/ha/year, passing to the immediately superior class, of 1-3 ton/ha/year; scarce data of hydrosedimentology in the UHE Itiquira (1999), shows good agreement with the values gotten for the EUPS (Chart 2). Based on the hydric classification proposal for FAO (1967) (Chart 3), it is noticed that areas with high degree of erosion (> 50) in the analysed area are very restricted, occupying 493 ha in 1985 and 332 ha in 1996 (Chart 4). In 1996 appeared as isolated spots in the north of Itiquira and Alto Garças, however beyond limits of the Itiquira river basin. These areas require special cares in its use as agricultural areas. Aiming at identifying and indicating the areas of potential risk of erosion and that need implementation of conservation practices, it was elaborated the map of limit of tolerance to the soil losses. In 1966 (Figure 6), areas with soil losses over of the tolerable were restricted to small spots located in the eastern part of the area, occupying 0.43% of the total of the area; already in 1985 (Figure 7), this percentage passed to 5.86%, spreading for all the area; in 1996 (Figure 8) it is observed a fast reduction of the areas with soil losses over of the tolerance limit, passing 5.43% of the total of the area. All the areas with losses over of the tolerable value must be considered as risk areas and were done in these areas studies for implementation of conservation practices.

Quirópteros da Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras, Mato Grosso, Brasil, com o primeiro registro de Artibeus gnomus e A. anderseni para o cerrado

We present the results of the first bat inventory at the 'Serra das Araras' Ecological Station, MT, in the northwestern portion of the Cerrado domain. We captured bats using the traditional ground-level mist netting and, occasionally, high nets placed 3 m above the ground, and hand nets for hoosting bats. We recorded 23 species distributed in six families (Emballonuridae, Noctilionidae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae, Molossidae, and Vespertilionidae), including Artibeus gnomus and A. anderseni, which had never been recorded in the Cerrado domain. © 2004 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG.