304 resultados para Methylvinyl ketone
Resumo:
The topic of this thesis concerns the study of catalytic processes for the synthesis of chiral 3,4,5-trisubstituted piperidine and 2,6-disubstituted morpholine. Substrates possessing an α,β-unsaturated ester and a ketone moiety, able to undergo addition/cyclization cascade reactions with different pro-nucleophiles (thiophenols, acetone cyanohydrin and malononitrile), have been evaluated. Chiral and achiral systems for phase-transfer catalysis have been applied as catalysts. Moderate enantiomeric excesses have been obtained for the morpholinic products and good to excellent values for the piperidinic products, by using cyclopeptoids and quaternary ammonium salts derived from Chincona alkaloids as catalysts respectively. Moreover, the absolute configuration of the 3,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines has been determined through quantomechanical simulations of their chirooptical spectra. Finally, the relative configuration of the 2,6-disubstituted morpholines has been assigned through NMR experiments.
Resumo:
The topic of this thesis is the DFT computational study of the mechanisms for the synthesis of chiral 3,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines and 2,6-disubstituted morpholines. The goal of this synthesis is to use, the same substrate containing two electrophilic sites: an α,β-unsaturated ester and a ketone, which evolve according to the nucleophile used (cyanide, phenyl sulfide) through different addition and cyclization reactions. A quaternary ammonium salt is used as a catalyst for these reactions, which leads to a diastereoisomeric excess both for the reactions of morpholine and piperidine products. Studies in silico of the pathways of these reactions explain the chemoselection and diasteroselection deriving from the two nucleophiles used. In this case of piperidine products, it was also possible to validate the hypothesis of a concerted nucleophilic addition mechanism on the α,β-unsaturated site and cyclization due to an intramolecular Michael addition.
Resumo:
Introduction. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) represent the widest group of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and, around 2021-2022, new compounds emerged on the market. The aims of the present research were to identify suitable urinary markers of Cumyl-CB-MEGACLONE, Cumyl-NB-MEGACLONE, Cumyl-NB-MINACA, 5F-EDMB-PICA, EDMB-PINACA and ADB-HEXINACA, to present data on their prevalence and to adapt the methodology from the University of Freiburg to the University of Bologna. Materials and methods. Human phase-I metabolites detected in 46 authentic urine samples were confirmed in vitro with pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) assays, analyzed by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qToF-MS). Prevalence data were obtained from urines collected for abstinence control programs. The method to study SCRAs metabolism in use at the University of Freiburg was adapted to the local facilities, tested in vitro with 5F-EDMB-PICA and applied to the study of ADB-HEXINACA metabolism. Results. Metabolites built by mono, di- and tri-hydroxylation were recommended as specific urinary biomarkers to monitor the consumption of SCRAs bearing a cumyl moiety. Monohydroxylated and defluorinated metabolites were suitable proof of 5F-EDMB-PICA consumption. Products of monohydroxylation and amide or ester hydrolysis, coupled to monohydroxylation or ketone formation, were recognized as specific markers for EDMB-PINACA and ADB-HEXINACA. The LC-qToF-MS method was successfully adapted to the University of Bologna, as tested with 5F-EDMB-PICA in vitro metabolites. Prevalence data showed that 5F-EDMB-PINACA and EDMB-PINACA were more prevalent than ADB-HEXINACA, but for a limited period. Conclusion. Due to undetectability of parent compounds in urines and to shared metabolites among structurally related compounds, the identification of specific urinary biomarkers as unequivocal proofs of SCRAs consumption remains challenging for forensic laboratories. Urinary biomarkers are necessary to monitor SCRAs abuse and prevalence data could help in establishing tailored strategies to prevent their spreading, highlighting the role for legal medicine as a service to public health.
Resumo:
L'elaborato tratta dell'effetto della porosità sulle proprietà meccaniche e osteoinduttive di un biomateriale utilizzabile in ingegneria del tessuto osseo, per come questo è stato valutato nello studio "Surface porous poly-ether-ether-ketone based on three-dimensional printing for load-bearing orthopedic implant" condotto dai ricercatori Shuai Li, Tianyu Wang, Jiqiang Hu, Zhibin Li, Bing Wang, Lianchao Wang e Zhengong Zhou. In particolare, il biomateriale studiato è rappresentato dal “PEEK”, un polimero termoplastico che viene lavorato, tramite stampante 3D a filamento, in modo da presentare una struttura che include un corpo centrale solido ricoperto da strati porosi sia nello strato superiore sia in quello inferiore. Per la valutazione delle proprietà meccaniche sono state svolte una prova a trazione e una prova a flessione. I valori ottenuti sperimentalmente sono stati confrontati con quelli ottenuti da un’analisi numerica e da un modello teorico. Per la valutazione delle proprietà osteoinduttive sono stati condotti test di proliferazione cellulare e differenziamento osteogenico. I risultati ottenuti concludono che specifici valori della porosità superficiale del biomateriale presentano proprietà meccaniche e osteoinduttive che lo rendono idoneo all’utilizzo come impianto osteogenico in ingegneria tissutale.