1000 resultados para Legislação, coletânea, Brasil, 1860
Resumo:
This thesis investigates the historical influence of the criminal policy in the context that shapes the first specific law for children and adolescents in Brazil, the 1927 Children's Code, a standard that inaugurates the conceptual scission between children and "minor" and their different treatment by the State. The study addresses the demand for order in the context of changes in the working world in the transition from the slave system to the capitalist mode of production, and the corresponding disciplinary and punitive control mechanisms directed to the segment of childhood and adolescence. The theoretical route proposes a questioning of the political construction of law and justice, as well as the conformation of the punitive techniques, and the construction of the stereotype of the "delinquent", prime target of the criminal policy, focusing on the process of criminalization of the segment in question through the confrontation of the Critical perspective with the approaches of Classical and Positive schools. This research shows the imposition of a bourgeois morality that obscures the social conflict attributing it to people isolated by the criminalization of their conduct; and points out that the historical forms of selective social control were greatly influenced by psychiatry and psychology, either by the elaboration of the image of the "delinquent" or by the expected performance of custodial institutions. Finally, the developments and the permanence of the historical roots of the criminal policy are problematized, relating them to the difficulties currently encountered in the consolidation of the legal garantism paradigm proposed by the Children and Adolescent Statute.
Resumo:
This thesis investigates the historical influence of the criminal policy in the context that shapes the first specific law for children and adolescents in Brazil, the 1927 Children's Code, a standard that inaugurates the conceptual scission between children and "minor" and their different treatment by the State. The study addresses the demand for order in the context of changes in the working world in the transition from the slave system to the capitalist mode of production, and the corresponding disciplinary and punitive control mechanisms directed to the segment of childhood and adolescence. The theoretical route proposes a questioning of the political construction of law and justice, as well as the conformation of the punitive techniques, and the construction of the stereotype of the "delinquent", prime target of the criminal policy, focusing on the process of criminalization of the segment in question through the confrontation of the Critical perspective with the approaches of Classical and Positive schools. This research shows the imposition of a bourgeois morality that obscures the social conflict attributing it to people isolated by the criminalization of their conduct; and points out that the historical forms of selective social control were greatly influenced by psychiatry and psychology, either by the elaboration of the image of the "delinquent" or by the expected performance of custodial institutions. Finally, the developments and the permanence of the historical roots of the criminal policy are problematized, relating them to the difficulties currently encountered in the consolidation of the legal garantism paradigm proposed by the Children and Adolescent Statute.
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O papel do enfermeiro como prescritor vem se ampliando em muitos pases nos ltimos anos, em diferentes situaes e amplitudes de ao, se configurando como prtica avanada na enfermagem. No Brasil, a prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros est prevista na Lei do Exerccio Profissional desde 1986, e permite a esse profissional, a prescrio de medicamentos estabelecidos em programas de sade pblica. Esse estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar as determinaes e perspectivas da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros nos protocolos da Estratgia Sade da Famlia. Os objetivos especficos so: apreender a atual situao internacional da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros em comparao a essa prtica no Brasil identificando semelhanas e diferenas; identificar os contornos legais e normativos da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros no Brasil apontando sua histria, tendncias e desafios; caracterizar o modelo de prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros nos protocolos de Ateno Primria Sade no Brasil; investigar possveis lacunas entre formao, capacitao, autoavaliao e prtica da prescrio de medicamentos na Ateno Primria Sade na perspectiva do enfermeiro. Trata-se de Estudo de Caso Exemplar com abordagem qualitativa atravs de Reviso Bibliogrfica, Anlise Documental e Grupo Focal com enfermeiros. A anlise dos dados deu-se por meio da Anlise de Contedo e Anlise Qualitativa de Contedo. Os resultados revelam que a categoria da enfermagem contribuiu para a legalizao da prescrio, porm no para a sua legitimao; na Ateno Primria Sade, essa atribuio est consolidada por meio de protocolos e legislação, embora sem estratgia clara de acompanhamento pelo Ministrio da Sade; observa-se resistncia em algumas normatizaes dentro do setor sade. Quanto aos protocolos, observou-se no h exigncia de pr-requisitos na maioria deles; h possibilidade de diagnstico pelo enfermeiro na gravidez, nutrio infantil e doenas sexualmente transmissveis; observou-se variados graus de autonomia; amplo grupo de medicamentos prescritos por enfermeiros. Dos 37 participantes do Grupo Focal, 97,3% eram do sexo feminino; 54% formados h menos de 10 anos, 27% entre 10 e 20 anos, 16,2% h mais de 20 anos; 83,8% com especializao em Sade Pblica. Todos os enfermeiros relataram insuficincia da disciplina de farmacologia para instrumentalizar a prtica prescritiva. Destacou-se a necessidade de ps-graduao; a importncia da experincia clnica; falta de discusses e capacitao. Apenas alguns se autoavaliaram como competentes para prescrever, outros revelam medo de reao adversa a medicamentos. Conclui-se que h tendncia da prescrio de medicamento por enfermeiros permanecer apenas na legalidade e o principal desafio alcanar a legitimidade. Confirma-se uma prtica prescritiva sem requisitos, diversidade de orientaes induzindo a multiplicidade de aes que pode afetar a qualidade da prescrio. H lacunas entre formao, capacitaes e exigncias cotidianas da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros na Ateno Primria Sade. No Brasil se faz premente pesquisa para avaliar o impacto, a qualidade e a segurana da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros. A experincia internacional sugere tambm que essa prescrio deve ser apoiada pelo coletivo de enfermeiros, com robusto plano de capacitao nacional, alm de governana e apoio local.
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RODRIGUES, Marta Bezerra; MEDEIROS, Ana Luiza. Infncia e regimentos escolares no Rio Grande do Norte (1910-1920). In: COLQUIO NACIONAL DA AFIRSE, SECO BRASILEIRA, 6., 2011, Teresina, 2011. Anais... Teresina: Universidade Federal do Piau, 2011.
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O crescimento vertiginoso no nmero de solicitaes de refgio, que de 2010 a 2015 aumentou em mais de 8 vezes, assim como o boom no nmero de imigraes registradas a partir de 2000 no Cear por parte de estudantes africanos tm reforado populao local os efeitos tanto da globalizao como da crise humanitria atual. Poder pblico, organizaes do terceiro setor e entes empresariais passam a se envolver na agenda pertinente imigrao em um contexto socioeconmico e legislativo delicados; e intenes de trabalhos e iniciativas de assistncia aos imigrantes e refugiados comeam a permear a sociedade, mesmo no havendo dados estatsticos da diversidade dos imigrantes, processo de acolhimento formal definido ou avaliao das capacidades absolutas que a cidade de Fortaleza no Cear possui para agregar a essa agenda. Dessa forma, iremos identificar o perfil dos imigrantes que so provenientes de pases africanos de lngua portuguesa e refugiados sob a tica da diversidade de modo a traar um mapa que traga percepes e insumos para as atividades de assistncia desejadas. Adicionalmente, ser analisado o processo de acolhimento sob a tica da avaliao da estrutura (instituies, equipamentos, procedimentos e responsabilidades) com o objetivo de se entender o nvel de maturidade do processo de acolhida dos imigrantes e refugiados, assim como suas oportunidades de melhoria. A temtica, alm de atual, se faz indispensvel para a construo de um pensamento crtico acerca da prpria capacidade de contribuio ao tema da imigrao e da crise dos refugiados. A metodologia utilizada para a construo da parte terica e para respaldo das hipteses levantadas foi a consulta bibliogrfica, enquanto a parte estatstica foi fruto de intenso trabalho de investigao por insumos de ordem qualitativa e quantitativa com diferentes agentes intervenientes no processo de acolhimento no Estado, inclusive pela busca do aspecto subjetivo por parte de gestores pblicos acerca do tema. Por fim, foi realizado diagnstico de qualidade organizacional junto Pastoral do Migrante em Fortaleza, tida como referncia do terceiro setor na agenda dos imigrantes e refugiados, com objetivo de avaliar e contribuir com suas capacidades de gesto e com seu processo de acolhimento. Verificou-se com o trabalho que, diferente do tema dos refugiados, rduo tem sido o caminho percorrido para o desenvolvimento de assistncia aos imigrantes como poltica pblica. Contudo, pretende-se demonstrar que conhecer as necessidades deste ltimo grupo, assim como sanar suas dificuldades, pode influenciar positivamente futuros trabalhos at mesmo para o prprio tema dos refugiados. Portanto, conhecer a real situao de ambos os grupos na regio indispensvel para se elaborar planos do poder pblico, alm de possibilitar a melhoria nos dispositivos de assistncia como um todo e avanar os mecanismos da legislao pertinente.
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In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation
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O livro Fisioterapia: legislao aplicada leis, decretos e resolues, editado em 2015 pela editora Autografia, no Rio de Janeiro, constitui uma contribuio muito relevante para a tica e Deontologia no Brasil. Esta obra da autoria de Carlos IURI da Silva Lcio, resulta no mbito da sua atividade como fisioterapeuta, auditor de Sistemas de Sade e Sade Pblica e professor do curso de aprimoramento profissional.
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The necessity of the insertion of the capital of Rio Grande do Norte in the world-wide commercial scene and its claim as the seat of political power, in ends of nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century, determined the direction of urban interventions undertaken by government to restructure the city. In that matter, there were several actions of improvements and embellishment in Natal, which had, as a starting point, the adequacy works of the port, located in the Ribeira quarter, with the aim of ending the physical isolation that reinforced its economic stagnation. Besides the problems faced in the opening bar of the Potengi River, and would complement the required improvements, other barriers demonstrate the tension established between the physic-geographic field and the man: the flooded and slope which connected Cidade Alta and Ribeira the first two quarters of the city.The execution of these works demanded knowledge whose domain and application it was for engineering. But, how the actions done for the engineers, in sense to transform natural areas into constructed spaces made possible the intentional conformation of the quarter of the Ribeira in a commercial and politician-administrative center, in the middle of the XIX century and beginning of the XX? Understand, therefore, the employment effects of technology on the physical-geographical Ribeira, is the objective of this work that uses theoretical and methodological procedures of Urban Environmental History, by analyzing the relationship between the environment and the man, mediated by knowledge and use of technologies. The documental research was used, as primary sources, the Messages of the Provincial Assembly Government that later became the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Norte reports and articles on specialized publications, in addition to local newspapers. The work is structured in five chapters. First, some comments about Urban Environmental History (Chapter 1) supplemented with analysis of the conceptual construction of nature in the Contemporary Era and its application in the city (chapter 02), the following chapters (03 and 04) deal with the rise of engineers as a active group in the Brazilian government frameworks and their vision about the nature inside the urban environment and it is studied how the professional technicians dealt with the improvement work of the harbor and in the shock with the natural forces. Other works that would complement this "project" of modernization and had had natural obstacles to be removed the Ribeira flood and slope constitute the subject of the fifth chapter. Finally, some final considerations retake the initial discussions aiming an association between the technique and the nature as junction elements inside the process of constitution of a Modern Natal
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Considering the need of communication between public management and society and its citizens, in a way which is more effective and transparent, the aim of this research was to analyze the transparency of public information presented by the managers of the portals of southern Brazils Federal Institutes. It is a qualitative and quantitative research, applied as its purpose, and exploratory as its aim. In order to explain the issue from the theoretical frameworks published, it will be used as a procedure the bibliographic research and the further study field research in the six southern Brazils Federal Institutes. Therefore, the theoretical framework approaches aspects about public transparency, concepts of information and communication in the public sector, and it presents measurement indexes of public transparency. The data collection with the Institutes sought to measure in the portals the level of transparency of the information presented by the managers, applying a search tool which provided the transparency index of eleven categories of the researched items, besides verifying the presence of the required items by Access to Information Law. In the sequence, it sought to verify the Institutes managers perception of the aspects which composes the proposed theme, for the purpose of observing how the process of communication between public agencies and the citizen is happening. The main results obtained emphasize, in a general way, a low level of public information propagation, with a lower average of propagation to the information about social, environmental and economic responsibility, and a greater average to the information related to the institutions general data from its management structure to its ordinance. It was also observed that no institution which was researched fully comply with the demands of the Access of Information Law. The results about the manager perceptio demonstrate a tendency in publishing the produced information, however, elements such disorganization of information in the portals, lack of standardization of the virtual structure and type of language to use, and lack of procedures of popular participation and interaction in the portals are determiners to bring problems in the access and in the communication with the public. Besides, the short time of institutions creation and the short time of the managers assuming their functions must be considered as a reflex of the found results. Therewith, the present study highlighted the importance of Public Transparency theme and it reached a positive result to a scientific and social contribution.
Resumo:
RODRIGUES, Marta Bezerra; MEDEIROS, Ana Luiza. Infncia e regimentos escolares no Rio Grande do Norte (1910-1920). In: COLQUIO NACIONAL DA AFIRSE, SECO BRASILEIRA, 6., 2011, Teresina, 2011. Anais... Teresina: Universidade Federal do Piau, 2011.
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This work aimed to study the structure and dynamic of Phytoplankton and Bacterioplankton in a complete cycle of shrimp cultivation (Litopenaeus vannamei) and determine the environmental factors responsible for the structural changes of these communities. The study was realized in a saltwater shrimp farm (Macaba, RN), between September/2005 and February/2006, and in a freshwater shrimp farm (Cear Mirim, RN), between May/2007 and September 2007. The samplings were collected weekly in saltwater farm and every fifteen days in freshwater farm. Total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and environmental parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, depth and water transparency) were measured. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were carried out. The Shannon-Wiener ecologic indexes of diversity and the Pielou equitability indexes were calculated to the phytoplankton. Bacterial density was determined by epifluorescence microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed by Pearson correlation and t-Test. Chlorophycea were predominat in salt water and in the captation/drainage point (24 to 99%). Diatoms had higher wealth. The species Choricystis minor had the highest occurrence (100%) and dominance (90-100%), thus showing its adaptation to the high temperatures, salinity and low water transparency conditions. Filamentous Cyanobacteria like Oscillatoria sp., Pseudoanabaena sp. and Phormidium sp. had constant levels. The negative correlation between chlorophycea and water transparency, and the positive correlation between chlorophyll a and salinity, showed that the phytoplankton was well adapted to the low transparency and to the high salinity. The bacterioplankton was negatively correlated with the total phosphorus and salinity. In freshwater, Cyanobacteria were predominant (>80%), presenting some producers of toxins species like Microcystis sp., Aphanizomenon sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e Anabaena circinalis. Cyanobacterial density and total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations exceeded the maximum value allowed by legislation. The means of total phosphorus varied from 264 to 627 Wg.L-1 and the means of chlorophyll a oscillated between 22 and 182 Wg.L-1. The phytoplankton species were selected by low availability of the light, high pH, temperature and high availability of total phosphorus. The bacterioplankton showed high densities (5,13 x 107 to 8,50 x107 Bac.mL-1). The studied environments (ponds and rivers) presented a high level of trophic state based on the high concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus and cyanobacteria dominance. The composition of species in the ponds and rivers was similar, as well as high concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, highlighting the pollution caused by the discharges of the farms in natural environment
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Aps as trs primeiras edies realizadas em Natal Grande do Norte (UFRN), vimos apresentar a coletnea de textos que a Comisso Cientfica dos Encontros Internacionais de Estudos Luso-Brasileiros Ergotrip Design, selecionou para a edio de 2015, dizendo respeito quarta edio da Conferncia Internacional Ergotrip Design. O evento aventurou-se, pela primeira vez, para fora do Brasil e atravessou o Atlntico com destino a Aveiro, cidade situada na regio centro de Portugal, tendo o intuito de promover e alargar a cooperao, estreitando, ao mesmo tempo, as margens lusfonas deste to vasto oceano. Assim, a Universidade de Aveiro acolheu a 4 edio deste evento, tendo a organizao ficado a cargo do Departamento de Comunicao e Arte (DeCA) e da unidade de investigao associada ID+. Instituto de Investigao em Design, Media e Cultura. Com esta iniciativa, pretendeu-se fundar um espao aberto comunidade acadmica, para discutir, disseminar e incentivar a cultura de projeto, desenvolvimento e investigao. (...)
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A garantia da memria histrica do ensino em nvel profissionalizante em enfermagem, na dcada de 1970, foi o objeto dessa investigao. Teve como objetivos descrever e analisar o contexto scio-poltico e as circunstncias histricas em que a Lei n 5.692, de 12 de agosto de 1971, das Diretrizes e Bases da Educao Nacional, foi promulgada, bem como discutir as mudanas e desdobramentos dessa no ensino profissionalizante em enfermagem. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, qualitativo, exploratrio e de natureza histrico-social, com base em anlise documental. Optou-se pela Micro-histria para dar sustentao terica discusso dos resultados dessa investigao, pois a anlise dos documentos histricos, sob o prisma de que, embora no seja possvel enxergar a sociedade inteira a partir de um fragmento social, possvel enxergar algo da realidade social que envolve o fragmento humano examinado. A delimitao das fontes histricas do estudo compreende o Acervo do Arquivo Histrico da Associao Brasileira de Enfermagem - Seo So Paulo; o Acervo documental sobre a ABEn/SP, existente no Centro Histrico Cultural da Enfermagem Ibero-Americana da Escola de Enfermagem da USP e a Srie Documenta do Ministrio da Educao e Cultura. A partir dessa LDB n 5.692/71, o ensino de Enfermagem foi totalmente integrado ao sistema nacional de Educao e sua promulgao ocorreu durante a Ditadura Militar e a ideologia do milagre econmico. De acordo com essa ideologia, o sistema educacional brasileiro deveria adequar-se ao modelo econmico desenvolvimentista, com treinamento de pessoal de nvel tcnico, visando aumentar e baratear os recursos humanos para o trabalho. A ABEn, como entidade representativa dos interesses polticos e ideolgicos dos profissionais da rea, liderava os debates sobre as questes da formao dos recursos humanos na enfermagem, sendo que na dcada de 70 mais da metade do contingente de enfermagem era majoritariamente sem formao especfica. Tambm por conta dessa realidade, houve iniciativas governamentais para tentar reverter essa situao. Apesar das questes do ensino da enfermagem no se encontrarem explicitadas no texto da LDB n 5.692/71, os resultados deste trabalho revelaram que a legislao estudada teve desdobramentos nas decises polticas no mbito do ensino profissionalizante e, consequentemente, impactou sobre a formao dos profissionais de enfermagem.
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Verso PDF.
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A incluso de crianas com necessidades especiais nas escolas comuns uma idealizao voltada para a oportunidade e o respeito diversidade. Com a Constituio Federal Brasileira (1988), no seu captulo III, da Educao, da cultura e do desporto, Art. 205, rege que A educao, direito de todos e dever do Estado e da famlia [...] denota que lugar de criana na escola, independente de credo, deficincia, raa e cultura. O presente estudo de caso na escola pblica Rui Barbosa, situada na cidade de Ribeira do Pombal, Bahia, Brasil, pretende conhecer a prxis educativa e o perfil dos profissionais sobre a proposta e a prtica pedaggica inclusiva, como tambm analisar o espao fsico, observando se h ou no barreiras arquitetnicas e acessibilidade para os alunos com deficincia e tambm a participao da famlia, em inserir o filho no ambiente formal. Esta investigao tem como base a reviso da literatura sobre incluso, com a utilizao, no enquadramento terico, da legislao brasileira, entre outros autores voltados ao tema. O desenvolvimento do estudo possui caracterstica qualitativa, atravs de observao, questionrio, entrevista, visitas, ou seja, uma construo atravs do dilogo e vivncia diria realizada no turno matutino. Os participantes dessa investigao foram: gestores, coordenadora da Educao Especial e coordenadora do ensino comum, professores, agentes administrativos, representante da secretaria municipal, profissional da sade (psicloga), famlias e alunos do ensino comum e especial. A anlise dos resultados obtidos revela que a proposta inclusiva encontra-se em processo de evoluo humana e arquitetnica, mas tambm regista-se pontos positivos no aumento de nmero de matrculas, ou seja, os pais esto sendo conquistados e adquirindo confiana na instituio. Os professores, apesar da insegurana, da carncia de auxlio, no tratam os alunos com desdm e buscam auxili-los como podem e sabem. Por fim, a escola aposta num trabalho que envolva o interpessoal e intrapessoal em busca da incluso sem obstculos.