Die Berg-Maria : oder Wer nur den lieben Gott-laszt walten. Eine geschichtliche Erzahlung aus Pennsylvanien /

At head of title: Tren bis in den Tod.

Wowapi inonpa : wowapi wakan etanhan taju wanjikji oyakapi kin he dee = The second Dakota reading book : consisting of Bible stories from the Old Testament /

In the Santee dialect.

Alpenblumen; eine lese schweizerischer gedichte.

Written in Swiss dialect.

La limite des dialectes wallon, champenois et lorrain en Ardenne,

Includes bibliographical references.

Bulletin.

No. 1. Bibliographies of lesser North American linguistic families, by Thomas Noxon Toomey.--No. 3. Proper names from the Muskhogean languages.--No. 4. Relationships of the Chitimachan linguistic family.--No. 5. Grammatical and lexical notes on the Keres language (Acoma-Laguna dialect) of the Keresan stock.--No. 6. Analysis of a text in the Apalachi language (Muskhogean stock).

Monumenta juridica. The black book of the Admiralty, with an appendix.

"Glossary of Anglo-Norman and Gascon words": p. [145]-197; "Glossary of Catalan words": p. [199]-238; "Glossary of Low-German words": p. [239]-262.

Diversification and extensible networks: The strategies of Chinese businesses in Australia

The paper reports on a study of 28 ethnic Chinese businesses in Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth, carried out in 2000 and 2001. It focuses on their strategies of vertical, horizontal, and unrelated diversification often combining different activities, products, and markets at the same time. It demonstrates how these practices are socially embedded in their preference for using personal networks. Non-related diversification, in particular, promotes and is facilitated by using weak ties that serve as bridges, leading into new networks (Granovetter, 1973). This can create links to Chinese of different national and dialect origins and to those of other ethnicities. It is suggested that open networks and diversification mutually interact to support each other and may have evolved in tandem from earlier, more closed and niche bound business cultures and practices.

Genetic population structure and call variation in a passerine bird, the satin bowerbird, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus

Geographic variation in vocalizations is widespread in passerine birds, but its origins and maintenance remain unclear. One hypothesis to explain this variation is that it is associated with geographic isolation among populations and therefore should follow a vicariant pattern similar to that typically found in neutral genetic markers. Alternatively, if environmental selection strongly influences vocalizations, then genetic divergence and vocal divergence may be disassociated. This study compared genetic divergence derived from 11 microsatellite markers with a metric of phenotypic divergence derived from male bower advertisement calls. Data were obtained from 16 populations throughout the entire distribution of the satin bowerbird, an Australian wet-forest-restricted passerine. There was no relationship between call divergence and genetic divergence, similar to most other studies on birds with learned vocalizations. Genetic divergence followed a vicariant model of evolution, with the differentiation of isolated populations and isolation-by-distance among continuous populations. Previous work on Ptilonorhynchus violaceus has shown that advertisement call structure is strongly influenced by the acoustic environment of different habitats. Divergence in vocalizations among genetically related populations in different habitats indicates that satin bowerbirds match their vocalizations to the environment in which they live, despite the homogenizing influence of gene flow. In combination with convergence of vocalizations among genetically divergent populations occurring in the same habitat, this shows the overriding importance that habitat-related selection can have on the establishment and maintenance of variation in vocalizations.

Cross-language Perception of Word-final Stops by Native Vietnamese Listeners: Preliminary Results on the Role of Specific, Non-native Phonetic Experience

This study examined the discrimination of word-final stop contrasts (/p/-/t/, /p/-/k/, /t/-/k/) in English and Thai by 12 listeners who speak Vietnamese as their first language (L1). Vietnamese shares specific phonetic realization of stops with Thai, i.e., unreleased final stop and differs from English which allows both released and unreleased final stops. These 12 native Vietnamese (NV) listeners’ discrimination accuracy was compared to that of the two listener groups (Australian English (AE), native Thai (NT)) tested in previous studies. The NV group was less accurate than the native group in discriminating both English and Thai stop contrasts. In particular, for the Thai /t/-/k/ contrast, they were significantly less accurate than the AE listeners. The present findings suggest that experience with specific (i.e., unreleased) and native phonetic realization of sounds may be essential in accurate discrimination of final stop contrasts. The effect of L1 dialect on cross-language speech perception is discussed.

A SENHORA DA BERLINDA Representações sociais do cotidiano na religiosidade popular paraense

O culto a Nossa Senhora de Nazaré é uma devoção popular muito antiga em Belém do Pará, quase tão antiga quanto a cidade, pois esse culto se consolidou na mesma época em que se constituiu o município de Belém e o Estado do Pará. A população de devotos cresceu junto com a população dos habitantes da cidade. Tal fato propiciou que essa devoção popular se enraizasse profundamente na cultura paraense, penetrando até a auto-imagem do paraense católico, moldando a sua identidade cultural. A maior expressão desse culto é a grande romaria que os devotos realizam todos os anos no mês de outubro, que é conhecida como Círio de Nazaré e reúne uma média de dois milhões de pessoas, aproximadamente. O Círio de 2002 foi o recorte etnológico dessa pesquisa que disserta sobre as práticas cotidianas dos devotos no seu culto a Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, sobre como a religiosidade popular insere-se no dia-a-dia dos indivíduos, influenciando as representações sociais e recebendo a influência delas também, em um processo dialético.(AU)

A RECEPÇÃO DA TEOLOGIA DE DIETRICH BONHOEFFER NA AMÉRICA LATINA

Ao escolher o tema A recepção da teologia de Bonhoeffer na América Latina, a intenção é problematizar a influência exercida pelo teólogo alemão Dietrich Bonhoeffer na teologia latino-americana, tratando-se do aporte de seus textos em solo latinoamericano, mas também de sua leitura, seleção e re-escritura crítica até nossos dias, quando completamos um século de seu nascimento. A investigação propõe-se a visibilizar o que em sua mensagem e/ou biografia, e de que forma, entusiasmou uma geração de jovens teólogos(as) protestantes e católicos latino-americanos(as), a partir de meados do século XX. Tomou-se por lócus fundamental à Escola Superior de Teologia (EST), da IECLB, ao ecumênico Instituto Superior Evangélico de Estudos Teológicos (ISEDET), de Buenos Aires, Argentina, também a um organismo para-eclesiástico, a Igreja e Sociedade na América Latina (ISAL). A base material privilegiada foi a produção teológica registrada em suas coleções de revistas periódicas, respectivamente, Estudos Teológicos, Cuadernos de Teología e Cristianismo y Sociedad. No entanto, também são analisadas algumas obras de teólogos católicos, dentre eles, Gustavo Gutiérrez, Jon Sobrino, Juan Luis Segundo e Frei Betto; textos referenciais que trazem à luz sua influência sobre a teologia caribenha; além de outros materiais que evidenciam os antigos e novos intérpretes. Os conceitos mobilizadores desta pesquisa são: discurso, conforme o expressam Michel Foucault e Eni Orlandi; memória, a partir de Maurice Halbwacks e Jacques Le Goff; dialética, Leandro Konder; fenomenologia, Husserl, Heidegger; marcas, Carlo Ginzburg e imagem/imaginário, Castoriadis.(AU)

The sociolinguistic stratification of a connected speech process - The case of the T to R rule in the Black Country

This paper examines the connected speech process described by Wells (1982b) as the T to R rule in the West Midlands speech variety associated with the Black Country. The T to R rule is well known as a linguistic marker of local varieties of the middle and far north of England. Less well understood is its position in the phonological systems of Midlands varieties. Varieties of the Midlands of England are underresearched in comparison with varieties of the north, and what is known about the application of the T to R rule in this transitional dialect area is correspondingly nebulous. This paper focuses on the Black Country area, and examines the possible outputs in the contexts which give rise to /t/ becoming [?] in local varieties of the north. I examine the written and spoken evidence which suggests that the T to R rule does indeed operate in the Black Country variety. My analysis focuses on possible phonetic outcomes of the T to R rule across time. In my conclusion, I discuss briefly the possibility that, lying on a bundle of isoglosses separating north from south, the variety of the Black Country reflects this in that a T to [?] rule, rather than a T to R rule, is the dominant output of this connected speech process in the Black Country.

Bilingualism and educational achievement:a study of young bilinguals in Birmingham schools and colleges

This study aimed firstly to investigate current patterns of language use amongst young bilinguals in Birmingham and secondly to examine the relationship between this language use and educational achievement. The research then focussed on various practices, customs and attitudes which would favour the attrition or survival of minority languages in the British situation. The data necessary to address this question was provided by a sample of three hundred and seventy-four 16-19 year olds, studying in Birmingham schools and colleges during the period 1987-1990 and drawn from the main linguistic minority communities in Birmingham. The research methods chosen were both quantitative and qualitative. The study found evidence of ethnolinguistic vitality amongst many of the linguistic minority communities in Birmingham: a number of practices and a range of attitudes indicate that linguistic diversity may continue and that a stable diglossic situation may develop in some instances, particularly where demographical and religious factors lead to closeness of association. Where language attrition is occurring it is often because of the move from a less prestigious minority language or dialect to a more prestigious minority language in addition to pressures from English. The educational experience of the sample indicates that literacy and formal language study are of key importance if personal bilingualism is to be experienced as an asset; high levels of oral proficiency in the L1 and L2 do not, on their own, necessarily correlate with positive educational benefit. The intervening variable associated with educational achievement appears to be the formal language learning process and literacy. A number of attitudes and practices, including the very close associations maintained with some of the countries of origin of the families, were seen to aid or hinder first language maintenance and second language acquisition.

Interlanguage variability in verb tense/aspect

This thesis presents a study of interlanguage variability in the use of three tense/aspect forms: the simple present, simple past, and the present perfect. The need for research in this area comes from the problems encountered in the classroom. Language performance in one task sometimes does not reflect that in another. How and why this ocurrs is what this thesis aims to discover. A preliminary study explores the viability of using the Labovian variable model to elicit and explain variability. Difficulties highlight problems which help refine the methodology used in the main study. A review of past research point the direction in which this study should go. Armed with a sample of 17 Chinese Singaporean university students, whose first language is Chinese or a dialect of Chinese, the investigation began with the elicitation of variability to be found in four tasks. Using the attention-to-speech framework, these four tasks are designed to reflect varying degrees of required attention to language form. The results show that there is variability in the use of tense/aspect in all the tasks. However, the framework on which the tasks are based cannot explain the variability pattern. Further analyses of contextual factors, primarily pragmatic ones, point to a complex interplay of factors affecting the variability found in the results.

Understanding U.S. regional linguistic variation with Twitter data analysis

We analyze a Big Data set of geo-tagged tweets for a year (Oct. 2013–Oct. 2014) to understand the regional linguistic variation in the U.S. Prior work on regional linguistic variations usually took a long time to collect data and focused on either rural or urban areas. Geo-tagged Twitter data offers an unprecedented database with rich linguistic representation of fine spatiotemporal resolution and continuity. From the one-year Twitter corpus, we extract lexical characteristics for twitter users by summarizing the frequencies of a set of lexical alternations that each user has used. We spatially aggregate and smooth each lexical characteristic to derive county-based linguistic variables, from which orthogonal dimensions are extracted using the principal component analysis (PCA). Finally a regionalization method is used to discover hierarchical dialect regions using the PCA components. The regionalization results reveal interesting linguistic regional variations in the U.S. The discovered regions not only confirm past research findings in the literature but also provide new insights and a more detailed understanding of very recent linguistic patterns in the U.S.