Satellites around massive galaxies since z∼ 2

The accretion of minor satellites has been postulated as the most likely mechanism to explain the significant size evolution of massive galaxies over cosmic time. Using a sample of 629 massive (M_star~ 10^11 M_⊙) galaxies from the near-infrared Palomar/DEEP-2 survey, we explore what fraction of these objects have satellites with 0.01 < M_sat/M_central < 1 (1:100) up to z= 1 and what fraction have satellites with 0.1 < M_sat/M_central < 1 (1:10) up to z= 2 within a projected radial distance of 100 kpc. We find that the fraction of massive galaxies with satellites, after background correction, remains basically constant and close to 30 per cent for satellites with a mass ratio down to 1:100 up to z= 1, and close to 15 per cent for satellites with a 1:10 mass ratio up to z= 2. The family of spheroid-like massive galaxies presents a 2–3 times larger fraction of objects with satellites than the group of disc-like massive galaxies. A crude estimation of the number of 1:3 mergers a massive spheroid-like galaxy has experienced since z~2 is around 2. For a disc-like galaxy this number decreases to ~1.

An irregular lattice model to simulate crack paths in bonded granular assemblies

Peer reviewed

An irregular lattice model to simulate crack paths in bonded granular assemblies

Peer reviewed

La criminalización de la pobreza en niños y adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal. Continuidad y ruptura entre el Paradigma de la Situación Irregular y el Paradigma de la Protección Integral

Fil: Ibarbia, Milagros. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

La criminalización de la pobreza en niños y adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal. Continuidad y ruptura entre el Paradigma de la Situación Irregular y el Paradigma de la Protección Integral

Fil: Ibarbia, Milagros. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

La criminalización de la pobreza en niños y adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal. Continuidad y ruptura entre el Paradigma de la Situación Irregular y el Paradigma de la Protección Integral

Fil: Ibarbia, Milagros. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Inhibitory Control is a Rate-Limiting Factor to Preschoolers' Use of Irregular Inflection

We investigated whether children’s inhibitory control is associated with their ability to produce irregular verb forms as well as learn from corrective feedback following their use of an over-regularized form. Forty-eight 3.5 to 4.5 year old children were tested on the irregular past tense and provided with adult corrective input via models of correct use or recasts of errors following ungrammatical responses. Inhibitory control was assessed with a three-item battery of tasks that required suppressing a prepotent response in favor of a non-canonical one. Results showed that inhibitory control was predictive of children’s initial production of irregular forms and not associated with their post-feedback production of irregulars. These findings show that children’s executive functioning skills may be a rate-limiting factor on their ability to produce correct forms, but might not interact with their ability to learn from input in this domain. Findings are discussed in terms of current theories of past-tense acquisition and learning from input more broadly.

Feature recognition & tool path generation for 5 axis step-nc machining of free form / irregular contoured surfaces

This research paper presents a five step algorithm to generate tool paths for machining Free form / Irregular Contoured Surface(s) (FICS) by adopting STEP-NC (AP-238) format. In the first step, a parametrized CAD model with FICS is created or imported in UG-NX6.0 CAD package. The second step recognizes the features and calculates a Closeness Index (CI) by comparing them with the B-Splines / Bezier surfaces. The third step utilizes the CI and extracts the necessary data to formulate the blending functions for identified features. In the fourth step Z-level 5 axis tool paths are generated by adopting flat and ball end mill cutters. Finally, in the fifth step, tool paths are integrated with STEP-NC format and validated. All these steps are discussed and explained through a validated industrial component.

Analysis of irregular microstrip structures using a full wave MoM scheme

[EN]This article presents the results obtained in the analysis of irregular microstrip structures using a full wave method of moments scheme. The irregular microstrip structures are divided into rectangular subdomains. The EFIE is discretized an solved over the subdomains using a Galerkin type scheme. Base and weight functions are piece wise sinusoidals (PWS) or triangular. Delta gap voltage generators are used as sources]. Green functions are computed using a freely available library developed by our research group. All the calculations are carried out in the so called ”spatial domain” so there is no need of using regular grids during the discretization process.

Navegación de un robot móvil sobre terreno irregular con contacto de su brazo con el suelo

En esta tesis se aborda el problema de la navegabilidad de robots móviles sobre terrenos irregulares, los cuales poseen diferentes inclinaciones y variedad de obstáculos. Este tema constituye actualmente una línea de investigación activa dirigida al desarrollo de nuevos robots y, adicionalmente, enfocada al desarrollo de estrategias de navegación eficientes y con el mínimo riesgo de inutilización. En primer lugar se desarrolló el robot móvil Lázaro para navegar en este tipo de terrenos, el cual posee un brazo articulado con una rueda como efector final. Esta rueda le permite al brazo mantener un punto de contacto adicional con el suelo que puede ayudar al robot a compensar situaciones de inestabilidad y sobrepasar algunos obstáculos que pudieran presentarse en estos entornos. Posteriormente, se desarrollaron tres medidas cuantitativas que permiten evaluar la navegabilidad de cualquier robot móvil cuando transita sobre terreno irregular. Estas tres medidas son: un índice de estabilidad, el cual evalúa la propensión al vuelco; un índice de direccionamiento, el cual evalúa la disponibilidad del robot para direccionarse y seguir una trayectoria dada y, por último, un índice de deslizamiento, el cual evalúa la propensión del robot a deslizarse hacia abajo cuando se desplaza sobre superficies inclinadas. Finalmente, se definieron un conjunto de maniobras que puede ejecutar Lázaro y que están dirigidas a garantizar la navegación cuando el robot se desplaza sobre superficies inclinadas o cuando debe sobrepasar obstáculos tales como escalones, rampas o zanjas. Todas las estrategias diseñadas se fundamentan en el uso del brazo como herramienta adicional que posee el robot para mejorar su navegabilidad.

Proyecto de investigación la construcción irregular acercamiento a sus causas y efectos. Análisis en un determinado sector de la ciudad de Cuenca

El análisis de las construcciones irregulares en la ciudad de Cuenca es importante para entender el fenómeno entre lo que la norma urbanística permite en el ámbito de la construcción y la necesidad del propietario. Es necesario considerar dos panoramas: los asentamientos informales en zonas no permitidas, situación que no se ha visibilizado aún en gran magnitud; y las edificaciones que se han modificado incumpliendo las normas urbanísticas. Se analizarán construcciones en las que se establece que entre las posibles razones para su modificación están la necesidad de mejorar la funcionalidad de la misma o generar desarrollo económico familiar, originando probablemente afectaciones al paisaje urbano e inclusive el deterioro de la calidad de vida de los vecinos. El proyecto de investigación consiste en localizar las edificaciones en el área de actuación que infringen las ordenanzas vigentes en el Cantón Cuenca, con la finalidad de generar soluciones en busca de la homogeneidad del sector.

Chemical composition of Milky Way satellites: Magellanic Clouds and Sagittarius dwarf galaxy

This PhD project is aimed at investigating the chemical composition of the stellar populations in the closest satellites of the Milky Way (MW), namely the Large and Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC and SMC, respectively) and the remnant of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Their proximity allows us to resolve their individual stars both with spectroscopy and photometry, studying in detail the characteristics of their stellar populations. All these objects are interacting galaxies: LMC and SMC are in an early stage of a minor merger event, and Sgr is being disrupted by the tidal field of the MW. There is a plenty of literature regarding the chemical composition of these systems, however, the extension of these galaxies prevents a complete and homogeneous analysis. Therefore, we homogeneously analysed stellar spectra belonging to MW and its satellites galaxies and we derived their chemical compositions. We highlighted the importance of a homogeneous analysis in the comparison among different galaxies or different samples, to avoid systematics due to different methods or physical assumptions.

Intraductal Carcinoma Of The Prostate: Interobserver Reproducibility Survey Of 39 Urologic Pathologists.

The diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the prostate remains subjective because 3 sets of diagnostic criteria are in use. An internet survey was compiled from 38 photomicrographs showing duct proliferations: 14 signed out as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), 17 IDC, and 7 invasive cribriform/ductal carcinoma. Each image was assessed for the presence of 9 histologic criteria ascribed to IDC. Thirty-nine respondents were asked to rate images as (1) benign/reactive, (2) HGPIN, (3) borderline between HGPIN and IDC, (4) IDC, or (5) invasive cribriform/ductal carcinoma. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.68. There was 70% overall agreement with HGPIN, 43% with IDC, and 73% with invasive carcinoma (P < .001, χ(2)). Respondents considered 19 (50%) of 38 cases as IDC candidates, of which 5 (26%) had a two-thirds consensus for IDC; two-thirds consensus for either borderline or IDC was reached in 9 (47%). Two-thirds consensus other than IDC was reached in the remaining 19 of 38 cases, with 15 supporting HGPIN and 4 supporting invasive carcinoma. Findings that differed across diagnostic categories were lumen-spanning neoplastic cells (P < .001), 2× benign duct diameters (P < .001), duct space contours (round, irregular, and branched) (P < .001), papillary growth (P = .048), dense cribriform or solid growth (both P = .023), and comedonecrosis (P = .015). When the 19 of 38 images that attained consensus for HGPIN or invasive carcinoma were removed from consideration, lack of IDC consensus was most often attributable to only loose cribriform growth (5/19), central nuclear maturation (5/19), or comedonecrosis (3/19). Of the 9 histologic criteria, only 1 retained significant correlation with a consensus diagnosis of IDC: the presence of solid areas (P = .038). One case that attained IDC consensus had less than 2× duct enlargement yet still had severe nuclear atypia and nucleomegaly. Six fold nuclear enlargement was not significant (P = .083), although no image had both 6× nuclei and papillary or loose cribriform growth: a combination postulated as sufficient criteria for IDC. Finally, 20.5% of respondents agreed that an isolated diagnosis of IDC on needle biopsy warrants definitive therapy, 20.5% disagreed, and 59.0% considered the decision to depend upon clinicopathologic variables. Although IDC diagnosis remains challenging, we propose these criteria: a lumen-spanning proliferation of neoplastic cells in preexisting ducts with a dense cribriform or partial solid growth pattern. Solid growth, in any part of the duct space, emerges as the most reproducible finding to rule in a diagnosis of IDC. Comedonecrosis is a rarer finding, but in most cases, it should rule in IDC. Duct space enlargement to greater than 2× the diameter of the largest, adjacent benign spaces is usually present in IDC, although there may be rare exceptions.

The Neuromuscular Activity Of Bothriopsis Bilineata Smaragdina (forest Viper) Venom And Its Toxin Bbil-tx (asp49 Phospholipase A2) On Isolated Mouse Nerve-muscle Preparations.

The presynaptic action of Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina (forest viper) venom and Bbil-TX, an Asp49 PLA2 from this venom, was examined in detail in mouse phrenic nerve-muscle (PND) preparations in vitro and in a neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH) in order to gain a better insight into the mechanism of action of the venom and associated Asp49 PLA2. In low Ca(2+) solution, venom (3μg/ml) caused a quadriphasic response in PND twitch height whilst at 10μg/ml the venom additionally induced an abrupt and marked initial contracture followed by neuromuscular facilitation, rhythmic oscillations of nerve-evoked twitches, alterations in baseline and progressive blockade. The venom slowed the relaxation phase of muscle twitches. In low Ca(2+), Bbil-TX [210nM (3μg/ml)] caused a progressive increase in PND twitch amplitude but no change in the decay time constant. Venom (10μg/ml) and Bbil-TX (210nM) caused minor changes in the compound action potential (CAP) amplitude recorded from sciatic nerve preparations, with no significant effect on rise time and latency; tetrodotoxin (3.1nM) blocked the CAP at the end of the experiments. In mouse triangularis sterni nerve-muscle (TSn-m) preparations, venom (10μg/ml) and Bbil-TX (210nM) significantly reduced the perineural waveform associated with the outward K(+) current while the amplitude of the inward Na(+) current was not significantly affected. Bbil-TX (210nM) caused a progressive increase in the quantal content of TSn-m preparations maintained in low Ca(2+) solution. Venom (3μg/ml) and toxin (210nM) increased the calcium fluorescence in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells loaded with Fluo3 AM and maintained in low or normal Ca(2+) solution. In normal Ca(2+), the increase in fluorescence amplitude was accompanied by irregular and frequent calcium transients. In TSn-m preparations loaded with Fluo4 AM, venom (10μg/ml) caused an immediate increase in intracellular Ca(2+) followed by oscillations in fluorescence and muscle contracture; Bbil-TX did not change the calcium fluorescence in TSn-m preparations. Immunohistochemical analysis of toxin-treated PND preparations revealed labeling of junctional ACh receptors but a loss of the presynaptic proteins synaptophysin and SNAP25. Together, these data confirm the presynaptic action of Bbil-TX and show that it involves modulation of K(+) channel activity and presynaptic protein expression.