Artificial neural networks for automatic modelling of the pectus excavatum corrective prosthesis

Pectus excavatum is the most common deformity of the thorax and usually comprises Computed Tomography (CT) examination for pre-operative diagnosis. Aiming at the elimination of the high amounts of CT radiation exposure, this work presents a new methodology for the replacement of CT by a laser scanner (radiation-free) in the treatment of pectus excavatum using personally modeled prosthesis. The complete elimination of CT involves the determination of ribs external outline, at the maximum sternum depression point for prosthesis placement, based on chest wall skin surface information, acquired by a laser scanner. The developed solution resorts to artificial neural networks trained with data vectors from 165 patients. Scaled Conjugate Gradient, Levenberg-Marquardt, Resilient Back propagation and One Step Secant gradient learning algorithms were used. The training procedure was performed using the soft tissue thicknesses, determined using image processing techniques that automatically segment the skin and rib cage. The developed solution was then used to determine the ribs outline in data from 20 patient scanners. Tests revealed that ribs position can be estimated with an average error of about 6.82±5.7 mm for the left and right side of the patient. Such an error range is well below current prosthesis manual modeling (11.7±4.01 mm) even without CT imagiology, indicating a considerable step forward towards CT replacement by a 3D scanner for prosthesis personalization.

Comparative analysis between statistical and artificial intelligence models in business failure prediction

A growing number of predicting corporate failure models has emerged since 60s. Economic and social consequences of business failure can be dramatic, thus it is not surprise that the issue has been of growing interest in academic research as well as in business context. The main purpose of this study is to compare the predictive ability of five developed models based on three statistical techniques (Discriminant Analysis, Logit and Probit) and two models based on Artificial Intelligence (Neural Networks and Rough Sets). The five models were employed to a dataset of 420 non-bankrupt firms and 125 bankrupt firms belonging to the textile and clothing industry, over the period 2003–09. Results show that all the models performed well, with an overall correct classification level higher than 90%, and a type II error always less than 2%. The type I error increases as we move away from the year prior to failure. Our models contribute to the discussion of corporate financial distress causes. Moreover it can be used to assist decisions of creditors, investors and auditors. Additionally, this research can be of great contribution to devisers of national economic policies that aim to reduce industrial unemployment.

Comparative Analysis between Statistical and Artificial Intelligence Models in Business Failure Prediction

A growing number of predicting corporate failure models has emerged since 60s. Economic and social consequences of business failure can be dramatic, thus it is not surprise that the issue has been of growing interest in academic research as well as in business context. The main purpose of this study is to compare the predictive ability of five developed models based on three statistical techniques (Discriminant Analysis, Logit and Probit) and two models based on Artificial Intelligence (Neural Networks and Rough Sets). The five models were employed to a dataset of 420 non-bankrupt firms and 125 bankrupt firms belonging to the textile and clothing industry, over the period 2003–09. Results show that all the models performed well, with an overall correct classification level higher than 90%, and a type II error always less than 2%. The type I error increases as we move away from the year prior to failure. Our models contribute to the discussion of corporate financial distress causes. Moreover it can be used to assist decisions of creditors, investors and auditors. Additionally, this research can be of great contribution to devisers of national economic policies that aim to reduce industrial unemployment.

Inteligência empresarial: a revolução informacional da ação competitiva

Esta pesquisa apresenta o estado da arte da Inteligência Empresarial, discutindo sua imporiãncia no Planejamento Estratégico, Processo Decisório, Implantação de Programas de Qualidade Total e Competitividade. Analisa os diversos arranjos organizacionais necessários e os recursos tecnológicos disponfveis para uma bem-sucedida atividade de Inteligência Empresarial. Destaca a importância das fontes de informações, indicando que é necessário um correto monitoramento das mesmas. Por fim, discute temas mais abrangentes como Implicações Legais e Éticas, diferenças entre Inteligência Empresarial e Espionagem e o papel da Inteligência Empresarial para as Estratégias de Globalização.

Applications of artificial intelligence to condition-based maintenance

In this paper we discuss interesting developments of expert systems for machine diagnosis and condition-based maintenance. We review some elements of condition-based maintenance and its applications, expert systems for machine diagnosis, and an example of machine diagnosis. In the last section we note some problems to be resolved so that expert systems for machine diagnosis may gain wider acceptance in the future.

ESTUDOS ORGANIZACIONAIS E FILOSOFIA: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE DELEUZE

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem como objetivo examinar algumas das contribuições da Filosofia deleuzeana para os Estudos Organizacionais. Para tanto, primeiro farei uma leitura geral de sua obra, examinando três marcos de sua filosofia: seu conceito de diferença e suas implicações, a concepção de sujeito engendrada por ela e, finalmente, o papel e relevância de sua parceria com Guattari para concretização de seu projeto filosófico. Concluo que a Filosofia de Deleuze pode contribuir especialmente para estudos empíricos em organizações, fornecendo premissas básicas que podem orientar tais estudos. O artigo visa não só contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do complexo pensamento de um dos filósofos mais importantes do século XX no meio dos Estudos Organizacionais, mas também deseja preencher uma lacuna nesse campo que diz respeito à pungente necessidade de que a reflexão filosófica faça-se presente nele.