ERS task force statement: diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) affects young healthy people with a significant recurrence rate. Recent advances in treatment have been variably implemented in clinical practice. This statement reviews the latest developments and concepts to improve clinical management and stimulate further research.The European Respiratory Society's Scientific Committee established a multidisciplinary team of pulmonologists and surgeons to produce a comprehensive review of available scientific evidence.Smoking remains the main risk factor of PSP. Routine smoking cessation is advised. More prospective data are required to better define the PSP population and incidence of recurrence. In first episodes of PSP, treatment approach is driven by symptoms rather than PSP size. The role of bullae rupture as the cause of air leakage remains unclear, implying that any treatment of PSP recurrence includes pleurodesis. Talc poudrage pleurodesis by thoracoscopy is safe, provided calibrated talc is available. Video-assisted thoracic surgery is preferred to thoracotomy as a surgical approach.In first episodes of PSP, aspiration is required only in symptomatic patients. After a persistent or recurrent PSP, definitive treatment including pleurodesis is undertaken. Future randomised controlled trials comparing different strategies are required.

The Work of the Task Force to Implement Amendment 64: A Case Study

This short essay – taken from a keynote address given at the University of Denver’s Marijuana at the Crossroads Conference – describes the dynamics of marijuana law and policy in the United States with a particular eye toward the federalism implications of marijuana legalization in the states. The essay discusses the history of marijuana regulation in the United States, sets forth a number of possible scenarios going forward, and makes a few, tentative predictions about the future.

Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for ...

n.s. v. 13

Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for ...

n.s. v. 23

Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

7 (1904 - 1909)

Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for ...

n.s. v. 9

Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

5 (1897 - 1901)

Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

11 (1915 - 1918)

Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

12 (1915 - 1917)

Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for ...

n.s. v. 21