Karl Ebert als Marquis von Posa, Rollenbild, Kniestück, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F03523

Marie Gündel, Szenenfoto, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F08725

Fanny Janauschek als Prinzessin von Eboli, Rollenbild, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F08897

Josef Kainz als Don Carlos, Rollenbild, Kniestück, in: Firedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F10818

Josef Kainz als Don Carlos, Rollenbild, Kniestück, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F10823

Adalbert Matkowsky als Philipp II., Rollenbild, Hüftbild, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F10967

Lothar Müthel als Don Carlos, Ernst Deutsch als Marquis von Posa, Rollenbild, Brustbild, Doppelbildnis, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien, Inszenierung: Fritz Jessner

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11007

Lothar Müthel als Don Carlos, Ernst Deutsch als Marquis von Posa, Rollenbild, Brustbild, Doppelbildnis, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien, Inszenierung: Fritz Jessner

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11008

Otto Ludwig Sommerstorff als Marquis von Posa, Rollenbild, Kniestück, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11157

Ludwig Mosbacher als Don Carlos, Rollenbild, Brustbild, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien, Darmstadt: Hessisches Landestheater

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F12112

Mathieu Pfeil als Philipp II., Rollenbild, Kniestück, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F12133

Emil Devrient als Marquis von Posa, Rollenbild, Brustbild, in: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G02961

The musical infant sisters, 4 and 7 Years of Age. Now exhibiting at the Egyptian Hall Piccadilly

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G04500

Effect of maternal weight status on the relationship between prenatal smoking and infant birth weight

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy weight status on the relationship between prenatal smoking and infant birth weight (IBW). Prenatal cigarette smoking and maternal weight exert opposing effects on IBW; smoking decreases birth weight while maternal pre-pregnancy weight is positively correlated with birth weight. As such, mutual effect modification may be sufficiently significant to alter the independent effects of these two birth weight correlates. Finding of such an effect has implications of prenatal smoking cessation education. Perception of risk is an important determinant of smoking cessation, and reduced or low birth weight (LBW) as a smoking-associated risk predominates prenatal smoking counseling and education. In a population such as the US, where obesity is becoming epidemic, particularly among minority and low-income groups, perception of risk may be lowered should increased maternal size attenuate the effect of smoking. Previous studies have not found a significant interaction effect of prenatal smoking and maternal pre-pregnancy weight on IBW; however, use of self-reported smoking status may have biased findings. Reliability of self-reported smoking status reported in the literature is variable, with deception rates ranging from a low of 5% to as high as 16%. This study, using data from a prenatal smoking cessation project, in which smoking status was validated by saliva cotinine, was an opportunity to assess effect modification of smoking and maternal weight using biochemically determined smoking status in lieu of self report. Stratified by saliva cotinine, 151 women from a prenatal smoking cessation cohort, who were 18 years and older and had full-term, singleton births, were included in this study. The effect of smoking in terms of mean birth weight across three levels of maternal pre-pregnancy weight was assessed by general linear modeling procedures, adjusting for other known correlates of IBW. Effect modification was marginally significant, p = .104, but only with control for differential effects among racial/ethnic groups. A smaller than planned sample of nonsmokers, or women who quit smoking during the pregnancy, prohibited rejection of the null hypothesis of no difference in the effect of smoking across levels of pre-pregnancy weight. ^

Breastfeeding the very preterm hospitalized infant: An ethnographic study

Purpose. To develop a greater understanding of the experience—including the thoughts, feelings, and actions—of mothers' initiation and maintenance of lactation within the context of the NICU following the birth of a very preterm infant. ^ Design. Mixed method with dominant focused ethnographic approach. Setting: A 76-bed neonatal intensive care unit in the largest children's hospital located in a large metropolitan city in southeast Texas. ^ Sample. Purposeful sampling resulted in 23 interviews with 14 subjects. ^ Methods. Mixed method design with a dominant qualitative approach combined with a quantitative component to further identify and expand upon the investigation of the population in question. Open-ended semi-structured interviews and fieldwork were used to explore the experience of breastfeeding in the context of the NICU for mothers of very preterm infants. Longitudinal data obtained from each subject included in-depth interviews, demographic and clinical information, milk expression patterns (including pumping frequency, duration, and milk volumes obtained), and scores obtained from the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). ^ Findings. Thematic analysis revealed that mothers of very preterm infants experienced an interruption in the process of becoming a mother, a paradoxical experience related to aspects of their milk expression routines and patterns, and negotiating the NICU environment. Sub-themes of becoming a mother-interrupted included: attribution, separation, connection, and navigation. Additional sub-themes related to the paradoxical experience included: the pump sometimes acting as a wedge or link to the infant; diversionary thoughts/activities during pumping; and perceptions of milk flow/volume. The process of negotiation included the environment, adaptive/maladaptive strategies related to milk expression, motivating factors related to the provision of breast milk, and learning their infant's feeding cues/abilities. EPDS scores did not reveal congruent differences in those mothers scoring high compared to those scoring low. ^ Conclusions. Understanding the experiences of the mothers in this study allows for a better perspective of breastfeeding the very preterm infant in the context of the NICU. Findings from this study validate the difficult and incremental process of attaining maternal identity and the significant burden placed on these women with regards to the provision of breast milk and breastfeeding during their infant's hospitalization. ^