977 resultados para Herpes simplex
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Depuis 2007, le vaccin vivant atténué contre le zona dispose d'une autorisation de mise sur le marché au niveau européen. Fin 2015-début 2016, il devrait enfin être disponible en France. Cet article répond à vos interrogations concernant son intérêt, son efficacité, sa tolérance et ses bénéfices pour la société, dans la prévention du zona et d'une de ses complications les plus fréquentes et la plus invalidante : les douleurs post-zostériennes.
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CONTEXT: A vaccination against herpes zoster and its complication is available in France since June 2015. Its exact benefit for public health is still controversial and its level of protection is not optimal. All those reasons seem to suggest a low acceptation rate from general practitioners. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness, the safety, and the cost/benefit ratio of the vaccination against herpes zoster in people aged 50 year or over. DOCUMENTARY SOURCE: Systematic review in Medline and PubMed with research by key words: "herpes zoster vaccine", "zoster vaccine" and "post herpetic neuralgia vaccine". SELECTION OF STUDIES: Randomized and observational studies published in English and French language have been selected by two readers. RESULTS: On 1886 articles identified, 62 studies were included in this systematic review of which 21 randomized trials, 21 observational studies, and 17 medico-economic studies concerned the unadjuvanted vaccine. Considered studies showed an effectiveness of 50% against herpes zoster and 60% on post-herpetic neuralgia incidence of the unadjuvanted vaccine. Five randomized controlled studies were identified for the adjuvanted vaccine. The overall effectiveness of this vaccine was > 90% whatever the age of subjects including those over age 70 and 80. The medico-economic studies conducted in many countries have shown that vaccine policies were beneficial in individuals aged 60 years or over. LIMITATION OF THE WORK: Most of data of effectiveness, and tolerance result from 2 large controlled studies only (SPS and ZEST) for the unadjuvanted vaccine and only one for the adjuvanted vaccine. CONCLUSION: Despite controversy and few uncertainties, the vaccine significantly reduces herpes zoster and its complication incidence. In terms of public health objectives, it reduces the burden of the disease and has a positive medico-economic impact. Preliminary data concerning the adjuvanted vaccine, whilst very promising, are still too limited. Up to now, no group of people with particularly high risk of herpes zoster-related complication who will beneficiate the most of the vaccination has been identified yet and only an age criteria has been considered for the recommendation.
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Initiated within the first 72hours of the rash, prescribing antiviral drugs reduces both acute neuralgia (AN) and later complications and especially postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). But their analgesic as well as preventative effect on AN and PHN is modest. Combination with analgesic drugs is more often needed for pain management. However, the pharmacological management of pain, in the context of old patients' frailty, co-morbidities and often polypharmacy, must be carefully considered. Based on analyses of the evidences from the literature, this review presents the therapeutic options we have at one's disposal and proposes a stepwise management for both AN and PHN specifically designed for aged population.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess longitudinally the antiviral immune response of T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with fingolimod (FTY) vs other disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). METHODS: We assessed cellular immune responses specific to influenza virus (FLU), JC virus (JCV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) using quantification of interferon-γ secretion by enzyme-linked immunospot in patients with MS on FTY (n = 31), including 2 with herpes zoster (HZ), natalizumab (n = 11), and other DMTs (n = 11). We used viral lysates for FLU and VZV and a pool of peptides for FLU, JCV (VP-1), and VZV (IE63). RESULTS: Besides an expected drop of T cells, we found that, proportionally to the number of CD3(+) T cells, only FTY-treated patients with MS exhibited an increased VZV/IE63-specific T cell response peaking 6 months into treatment, a response that returned to baseline after 12 and 24 months. Two FTY-treated patients developed an HZ 6 months into treatment, coinciding with an absent VZV/IE63-specific T cell response. However, cellular immune responses specific to VZV lysate, JCV, and FLU (lysate and pool of peptide epitopes) were similar between all 3 categories (FTY, natalizumab, and other DMTs) of study patients. CONCLUSIONS: FTY-treated patients with MS exhibit an increased VZV/IE63-specific cellular immune response after 6 months of treatment. FTY-treated patients who develop an HZ are not able to mount such a response, suggesting that a T cell response directed against this viral protein may be key in preventing the occurrence of HZ.
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Antioxidants are an alternative to prevent or slow the degradation of the biofuel. In this study, it was evaluated the oxidative stability of B100 biodiesel from soybean oil in the presence of three commercial synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), pure or blended, from the experimental design of simplex-centroid mixture. The reaction order and rate constant were also calculated for all tests. The treatment containing pure TBHQ proved to be the most effective, proven by design, the optimum mix obtained and the rate constant. Binary and ternary mixtures containing TBHQ also showed appreciable antioxidant effect.
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The Rancimat and accelerated stove tests were used to determine the oxidative stability of B100 biodiesel mixed with synthetic antioxidants. The predictive equations, with process variable, were obtained by applying a simplex-centroid design. Regardless of the antioxidant used, all assays carried out with the accelerated stove test presented storage time longer than 177.88 d, the greatest value obtained by applying the Rancimat test. The t test, applied to the parameters containing the process variable, showed a statistically significant difference (at the level of 5%) between the methods used.
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Objetivos: avaliar a soroprevalência da infecção causada pelo HSV-2 entre as parturientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (HCFMRP-USP) e padronizar técnicas laboratoriais para atender a este propósito. Métodos: foram avaliadas 1.500 amostras de sangue de parturientes atendidas no Centro Obstétrico do Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do HCFMRP-USP, entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de outubro de 1996. Para determinar a real prevalência da infecção por HSV-2 foi padronizada a técnica de ELISA, verificando-se que esta não apresentava especificidade suficiente para discriminar os dois tipos virais (75%), delineando a necessidade de utilizar-se técnica de maior poder discriminatório. A técnica padronizada para esta finalidade foi o Western blot, capaz de detectar a proteína viral específica do HSV-2. Resultados: a soroprevalência para infecção herpética, pelos dois tipos virais (HSV-1 e HSV-2), foi de 94,5%, utilizando a técnica de ELISA. Com o emprego da técnica de Western blot, encontrou-se a soroprevalência de 31,9% pelo HSV-2 na população avaliada, quer sintomática ou assintomática. Conclusão: verifica-se elevada prevalência do estado de portadora da infecção pelos HSV, evidenciada pelo alto índice de positividade para os anticorpos contra estes vírus. O teste ELISA não mostrou especificidade suficiente para discriminar os anticorpos anti-HSV-2 dos anti-HSV-1.
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OBJETIVO: demonstrar a expressão de biomarcadores, detectados por técnicas de imunohistoquímica, em tecidos sadios, lesões pré-neoplásicas e neoplásicas do colo do útero. MÉTODOS: para avaliação da reatividade imunohistoquímica de tecidos do colo do útero ao p16 e ao herpes simples vírus tipo 2 (HSV-2), foram avaliadas 187 amostras de lesões intra-epiteliais de baixo grau (LIE-BG) e lesões intra-epiteliais de alto grau (LIE-AG) e carcinoma do colo do útero, e comparadas com grupo de pacientes sem lesões no colo uterino. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste do chi2 para tendências. O nível de significância foi de alfa=0,05. RESULTADOS: foi avaliada a reatividade ao p16 com a seguinte distribuição: grupo sem lesão no colo do útero: 56% (24/43), LIE-BG: 92% (43/47), LIE-AG: 94% (43/46) e câncer: 98% (46/47) (p<0,001, tendência linear). Com relação ao HSV-2: grupo sem lesão no colo do útero: 27% (12/45), LIE-BG: 58% (22/38), LIE-AG: 78% (35/45) e câncer: 59% (29/49) (p<0,001, tendência linear). Foi observado aumento na proporção de reatividade para os dois marcadores entre os grupos controle, LIE-BG, LIE-AG e câncer do colo do útero (p<0,001). Não houve diferença significativa, quando comparamos apenas os grupos LIE-BG e LIE-AG entre si. CONCLUSÕES: FOI VErificado um aumento progressivo nas taxas de reatividade aos marcadores de imunohistoquímica estudados, com a severidade das lesões.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo combinar modelagem pela superfície de resposta com otimização simplex supermodificado, para tratamento de casos de interesse na ciência e tecnologia de alimentos, com o emprego da função de Derringer & Suich para respostas combinadas. Um programa para microinformática, denominado MULTIPLEX, foi desenvolvido e testado na otimização multirresposta de três sistemas alimentares selecionados na literatura especializada: 1) inativação da lipoxigenase e lipase preservando-se a atividade da fitase durante o processamento hidrotérmico da cevada; 2) desidratação instantânea de maçã por expansão; 3) extração da proteína da linhaça com hexametafosfato. Uma análise estatística rigorosa foi realizada para testar a capacidade preditiva dos modelos. O método simplex supermodificado, com inicialização automática, foi o instrumento para a solução numérica da função de Derringer & Suich para respostas combinadas. O programa desenvolvido mostrou ser eficiente e confiável para a otimização de multirrespostas, sendo executável em microcomputador que disponha de processador 486 e ambiente MS-DOS.
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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Botánica) UANL
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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Especialidad en Periodoncia) UANL, 2011.
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The simplex, the sample space of compositional data, can be structured as a real Euclidean space. This fact allows to work with the coefficients with respect to an orthonormal basis. Over these coefficients we apply standard real analysis, inparticular, we define two different laws of probability trought the density function and we study their main properties