999 resultados para Hepatite C Prognóstico
Resumo:
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influncia da lavagem e da adio de eritorbato de sdio e tripolifosfato de sdio na estabilidade de Carne Mecanicamente Separada (CMS) de tilpia de Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) durante 6 meses de armazenamento a -18 C. A CMS obtida por meio de mquina separadora de carne e ossos foi dividida em quatro tratamentos (CMS lavada com e sem aditivos, e CMS no lavada com e sem aditivos) e mantida sob congelamento a -18 C, por 180 dias. A estabilidade foi avaliada por meio de anlises microbiolgicas e determinaes de nitrognio no proteico (NNP), bases nitrogenadas volteis (BNV), substncias reativas ao cido tiobarbitrico (TBARS), pH e drip (perda de gua no descongelamento). O processo de lavagem causou reduo de aproximadamente 41, 44 e 66% nos teores de protena bruta, lipdios e cinzas, respectivamente, reduzindo tambm os valores iniciais de NNP, BNV e TBARS. Durante o armazenamento, foram observados aumentos (p < 0,05) nos teores de NNP, BNV e pH em praticamente todos os tratamentos, exceto na CMS lavada com aditivos, que no apresentou aumentos significativos nos teores de NNP e pH. O uso de aditivos nas CMS diminuiu o drip ao longo do armazenamento, mas no alterou (p > 0,05) os teores de TBARS. Os parmetros microbiolgicos avaliados no ultrapassaram os limites permitidos pela legislao. As CMS permaneceram estveis e em boas condies de utilizao, independentemente da incluso de aditivo, sendo vivel sua estocagem a -18 C por 180 dias.
Resumo:
The complete SSU rDNA was sequenced for 10 individuals of Cladophora vagabunda collected along the coast of Brazil. For C. rupestris (L.) Ktz. a partial SSU rDNA sequence (1634 bp) was obtained. Phylogenetic trees indicate that Cladophora is paraphyletic, but the section Glomeratae sensu lato including C. vagabunda from Brazil, Japan and France, C. albida (Nees) Ktz., C. sericea (Hudson) Ktz., and C. glomerata (L.) Ktz. is monophyletic. Within this group C. vagabunda is paraphyletic. The sequence identity for the SSU rDNA varied from 98.9% to 100% for the Brazilian C. vagabunda, and from 98.3% to 99.7% comparing the Brazilian individuals to the ones from France and Japan. Sequence identity of the Brazilian C. vagabunda to C. albida and C. sericea vary from 98.0% to 98.6%. The SSU rDNA phylogeny support partially the morphological characteristics presented by Brazilian populations of C. vagabunda. On the other hand, C. rupestris from Brazil does not group with C. rupestris from France, both sequences presenting only 96.9% of identity. The inclusion of sequences of individuals from Brazil reinforces the need of taxonomical revision for the genus Cladophora and for the complex C. vagabunda.
Resumo:
This work evaluated the effects of Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (TRIS) buffer and its interaction with nutrient concentration on the development of Gracilaria birdie, a common species on the Brazilian coast that has been exploited for agar production. Responses to different conditions were assessed through growth rates and pigment content (chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin). Provasoli's nutrient solution with and without TRIS addition was tested at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50%. The pH was also monitored. G. birdiae grew better in the absence of TRIS and at low nutrient concentrations, 12.5 and 25% (growth rates of 10.8-11.3%.day-1). Higher contents of phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a were observed without TRIS at 12.5 and 25% (Phycoerythrin, 649.6-698.0 μg g-1 fresh biomass; Chlorophyll a, 156.0-168.6 μg g-1 fresh biomass). These findings highlight the deleterious effect of TRIS on growth and phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a content. They also demonstrate the importance of appropriate nutrient concentration for laboratory cultures, depending on the intrinsic characteristics of each species.
Resumo:
The reproductive phenology and thallus length of Gracilaria birdiae were studied over a period of 12 months in a natural bed in Northeastern Brazil. Fertile specimens of G. birdiae were observed during the entire study period. Tetrasporophytes were the most common with an annual mean of 80.15.6%, followed by cystocarpic plants (9.33.4%), male gametophytes (8.33.6%) and infertile plants (2.23.4%). Only male gametophytes and infertile plants showed a variation in occurrence frequency during the year (p<0.05). With respect to thallus length, a distinct seasonal variation was observed for all reproductive stages (p<0.05), with the highest values recorded during the rainy season (March to August) and the lowest in the dry season (September to February). The results demonstrate that the size of individuals in this population is significantly affected by the periodic changes in the environment caused by rainfall regimes and hydrodynamism.
Resumo:
Collagen XVIII can generate two fragments, NC11-728 containing a frizzled motif which possibly acts in Wnt signaling and Endostatin, which is cleaved from the NC1 and is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Collagen XVIII and Wnt signaling have recently been associated with adipogenic differentiation and obesity in some animal models, but not in humans. In the present report, we have shown that COL18A1 expression increases during human adipogenic differentiation. We also tested if polymorphisms in the Frizzled (c.1136C>T; Thr379Met) and Endostatin (c.4349G>A; Asp1437Asn) regions contribute towards susceptibility to obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes (113 obese, BMI =30; 232 non-obese, BMI < 30) of European ancestry. No evidence of association was observed between the allele c.4349G>A and obesity, but we observed a significantly higher frequency of homozygotes c.1136TT in obese (19.5%) than in non-obese individuals (10.9%) [P = 0.02; OR = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.07-3.73)], suggesting that the allele c.1136T is associated to obesity in a recessive model. This genotype, after controlling for cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, was independently associated with obesity (P = 0.048), and increases the chance of obesity in 2.8 times. Therefore, our data suggest the involvement of collagen XVIII in human adipogenesis and susceptibility to obesity.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: Despite the relevance of irritability emotions to the treatment, prognosis and classification of psychiatric disorders, the neurobiological basis of this emotional state has been rarely investigated to date. We assessed the brain circuitry underlying personal script-driven irritability in healthy subjects (n = 11) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. METHOD: Blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes were recorded during auditory presentation of personal scripts of irritability in contrast to scripts of happiness or neutral emotional content. Self-rated emotional measurements and skin conductance recordings were also obtained. Images were acquired using a 1,5T magnetic resonance scanner. Brain activation maps were constructed from individual images, and between-condition differences in the mean power of experimental response were identified by using cluster-wise nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Compared to neutral scripts, increased blood oxygen level-dependent signal during irritability scripts was detected in the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and in the left medial, anterolateral and posterolateral dorsal prefrontal cortex (cluster-wise p-value < 0.05). While the involvement of the subgenual cingulate and dorsal anterolateral prefrontal cortices was unique to the irritability state, increased blood oxygen level-dependent signal in dorsomedial and dorsal posterolateral prefrontal regions were also present during happiness induction. CONCLUSION: Irritability induction is associated with functional changes in a limited set of brain regions previously implicated in the mediation of emotional states. Changes in prefrontal and cingulate areas may be related to effortful cognitive control aspects that gain salience during the emergence of irritability.
Resumo:
Estudo experimental em animais. A mitomicina C vem sendo usada como inibidor de fibroblastos, acarretando, com isso, diminuio do processo cicatricial em feridas cirrgicas. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho visa avaliar o uso de Mitomicina C para diminuir o processo cicatricial, atravs de seu uso tpico com reforos posteriores injetveis. MATERIAL E MTODOS: Foi usado um modelo de feridas em dorso de ratos, com retirada circular da pele e cicatrizao por segunda inteno. Foram usados 18 ratos, divididos em trs grupos: controle; com uso tpico; e com reforo de mitomicina C injetvel, mensalmente e por 2 meses. Aps 3 meses os animais foram sacrificados e as cicatrizes retiradas cirurgicamente e submetidas a estudo histolgico. RESULTADOS: Notou-se sob vrios critrios que a cicatrizao com o uso tpico menos intensa, mas ao se usar o reforo injetvel os parmetros voltam a ser comparados ao do grupo controle. DISCUSSO: Acreditamos que a administrao injetvel de mitomicina C nas cicatrizes, pela sua elevada caracterstica txica, acarreta destruio tecidual e neoformao cicatricial. CONCLUSES: A mitomicina C diminui o processo cicatricial quando usada topicamente, mas acarreta aumento da cicatrizao quando nestas feridas so feitos reforos injetveis.
Resumo:
The present article reviews different aspects of the chemistry of two widely used β-lactam antibiotics Clavulanic Acid and Cephamycin C. The article discusses important details of the biosynthesis of these compounds, their action mechanism and, principally, the methods employed in their isolation and purification, in accordance with the available literature. Despite the large quantity of available articles and patents concerning β-lactam antibiotics, those which describe the isolation and purification of Clavulanic Acid and Cephamycin C are rare. Overall, the intention of this article is to discuss the up-to-date scientific research related to the compounds under review.
Resumo:
The flavonoids present in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and a study of the fragmentation patterns of selected flavonoids was conducted using orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-oa-ToF MS). Seven C- and O-glycosylflavones were identified in the extracts, namely, schaftoside, isoschaftoside, luteolin-8-C-(rhamnosylglucoside), vitexin, orientin, tricin-7-O-neohesperidoside and tricin-7-O-glucoside. Of these, five were identified in the absence of direct comparison with their respective standards. The described method also permitted the differentiation of the 6-C and 8-C isomeric flavones, schaftoside and isoschaftoside. The combination of fragmentation data and exact mass measurement showed to be complimentary to the HPLC-UV-MS techniques previously utilized for isomers discrimination in sugarcane studies.
Resumo:
Chronic hepatitis C is often a progressive, fibrotic disease that can lead to cirrhosis and other complications. The recommended therapy is a combination of interferon and ribavirin. Besides its antiviral action, interferon is considered to have antifibrotic activity. We examined the outcome of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis C patients who were non-responders to interferon. We made a case series, retrospective study, based on revision of medical records and reassessment of liver biopsies. For inclusion, patients should have been treated with interferon alone or combined with ribavirin, with no virological response (non responders and relapsers) and had a liver biopsy before and after treatment. Histological evaluation included: i-outcome of fibrosis and necroinflammation; ii-annual fibrosis progression rate evaluation, before and after treatment. Seventy-five patients were included. Fifty-seven patients (76%) did not show progression of fibrosis after treatment, compared to six (8%) before treatment (p < 0.001). The mean annual fibrosis progression rate was significantly reduced after treatment (p = 0.036). Inflammatory activity improved in 19 patients (25.3%). The results support the hypothesis of an antifibrotic effect of interferon-based therapy, in non-responder patients. There was evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of treatment in some patients.
Resumo:
FUNDAMENTO: Vrios estudos sugerem que a protena-C reativa (PCR) se correlaciona com doena arterial coronariana em adultos. Entretanto, essa associao ainda pouco explorada em adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associao entre a PCR e os fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes obesos. MTODOS: Oitenta e quatro adolescentes (12,6 1,3 anos), ambos os sexos, foram distribudos nos grupos Eutrfico (n = 28), Sobrepeso (n = 28) e Obeso (n = 28), segundo o ndice de massa corprea (IMC). A concentrao de PCR (ELISA ultrassensvel), o perfil lipdico e o contedo de anticorpos anti-LDLox (ELISA) foram determinados aps jejum de 12h. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto a idade (p = 0,13) e sexo (p = 0,83). Colesterol total, HDL-C, CT/HDL-C e LDL-C/HDL-C apresentaram diferenas significativas entre os grupos Eutrfico e Obeso. No houve variao significativa no contedo de anticorpos anti-LDLox. Os valores de PCR foram diferentes entre os trs grupos (p < 0,01). PCR apresentou associao significativa com IMC (β = 2,533), CB (β = 2,645) e CC (β = 2,945), CT (β = 0,006), LDL-C (β = 0,006) e anticorpos anti-LDLox (β = 0,383) e negativa entre HDL-C (β = -0,017). CONCLUSO: Os resultados indicam que a PCR se associa significativamente com marcadores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi de analisar morfometricamente fragmentos histolgicos do bao de animais normais e diabticos, comparando os resultados encontrados e relacionando-os ao sexo e a suplementao da vitamina C. Foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar, os quais foram analisados nmero de vasos, o nmero de folculos germinativos (polpa branca) e o dimetro dos vasos de cada animal. As anlises histolgicas e morfometricas foram feitas em amostras de 5m de espessura demonstrando que: na quantidade de folculos germinativos, observamos resultados comparando, independente do sexo, animais controles suplementados com vitamina C e controles no suplementados (p0,05; F=0,1452); na quantidade de vasos, observamos resultados comparando, fmeas diabticas suplementadas pela vitamina C e fmeas diabticas no suplementadas (pd"0,05; F=6.8893); e no dimetro dos vasos, observamos resultados comparando fmeas, tanto no grupo controle quanto ao grupo diabtico, suplementadas pela vitamina C quando comparadas s fmeas no suplementadas pela vitamina C (p<0,05; U=121.50; Z(U)=2.1234) e (p<0,05; F=4.8134). De um modo geral, a induo de diabetess modifica o dimetro vascular nas fmeas e que a administrao de vitamina C interfere nos dados mtricos relativos ao dimetro vascular somente nas fmeas.
Resumo:
A clamidiose ou ornitose uma doena infecciosa, causada pela bactria Chlamydophila psittaci, que acomete aves e mamferos. Trata-se de uma das principais zoonoses de origem aviria. A transmisso ocorre principalmente por inalao de secrees contaminadas. Os sinais clnicos mais comuns incluem alteraes no sistema gastrointestinal, respiratrio e ocular, porm possvel encontrar aves infectadas sem sinais aparentes, dificultando a identificao da doena. O diagnstico definitivo em aves vivas pode ser difcil, devido s caractersticas da infeco pela bactria. H duas principais abordagens para o diagnstico, a primeira envolve a deteco direta da bactria e a segunda implica a deteco de anticorpos anti-Chlamydophila sp. O tratamento longo e envolve o uso de tetraciclinas, quinolonas ou macroldeos, durante 21-45 dias, dependendo da espcie e do frmaco de escolha. Atualmente, o Brasil no dispe de medidas padronizadas que visam a guiar o clnico na identificao, manejo e tratamento para a doena. Tais medidas tornam-se necessrias, bem como a pesquisa de novos mtodos diagnsticos e auxiliares para a doena.
Resumo:
This multicentric population-based study in Brazil is the first national effort to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and risk factors in the capital cities of the Northeast, Central-West, and Federal Districts (2004-2005). Random multistage cluster sampling was used to select persons 13-69 years of age. Markers for HBV were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HBV genotypes were determined by sequencing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Multivariate analyses and simple catalytic model were performed. Overall, 7,881 persons were included; < 70 per cent were not vaccinated. Positivity for HBsAg was less than 1 per cent among non-vaccinated persons and genotypes A, D, and F co-circulated. The incidence of infection increased with age with similar force of infection in all regions. Males and persons having initiated sexual activity were associated with HBV infection in the two settings; healthcare jobs and prior hospitalization were risk factors in the Federal District. Our survey classified these regions as areas with HBV endemicity and highlighted the risk factors differences among the settings
Resumo:
Vrios estudos sugerem que a protena-C reativa (PCR) se correlaciona com doena arterial coronariana em adultos. Entretanto, essa associao ainda pouco explorada em adolescentes. Avaliar a associao entre a PCR e os fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes obesos. Oitenta e quatro adolescentes (12,6 1,3 anos), ambos os sexos, foram distribudos nos grupos Eutrfico (n = 28), Sobrepeso (n = 28) e Obeso (n = 28), segundo o ndice de massa corprea (IMC). A concentrao de PCR (ELISA ultrassensvel), o perfil lipdico e o contedo de anticorpos anti-LDLox (ELISA) foram determinados aps jejum de 12h. Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto a idade (p = 0,13) e sexo (p = 0,83). Colesterol total, HDL-C, CT/HDL-C e LDL-C/HDL-C apresentaram diferenas significativas entre os grupos Eutrfico e Obeso. No houve variao significativa no contedo de anticorpos anti-LDLox. Os valores de PCR foram diferentes entre os trs grupos (p < 0,01). PCR apresentou associao significativa com IMC ( = 2,533), CB ( = 2,645) e CC ( = 2,945), CT ( = 0,006), LDL-C ( = 0,006) e anticorpos anti-LDLox ( = 0,383) e negativa entre HDL-C ( = -0,017). Os resultados indicam que a PCR se associa significativamente com marcadores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes
