Increase in cases of malaria in Mozambique, 2014: epidemic or new endemic pattern?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the increase in cases of malaria in Mozambique. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted in 2014, in Mozambique with national weekly epidemiological bulletin data. I analyzed the number of recorded cases in the 2009-2013 period, which led to the creation of an endemic channel using the quartile and C-Sum methods. Monthly incidence rates were calculated for the first half of 2014, making it possible to determine the pattern of endemicity. Months in which the incidence rates exceeded the third quartile or line C-sum were declared as epidemic months. RESULTS The provinces of Nampula, Zambezia, Sofala, and Inhambane accounted for 52.7% of all cases in the first half of 2014. Also during this period, the provinces of Nampula, Sofala and Tete were responsible for 54.9% of the deaths from malaria. The incidence rates of malaria in children, and in all ages, have showed patterns in the epidemic zone. For all ages, the incidence rate has peaked in April (2,573 cases/100,000 inhabitants). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the occurrence of an epidemic pattern of malaria in the first half of 2014 in Mozambique. It is strategic to have a more accurate surveillance at all levels (central, provincial and district) to target prevention and control interventions in a timely manner.

Febre purpúrica brasileira: resultados preliminares da investigação etiológica

Em várias regiões do interior do Estado de São Paulo, notificou-se a partir do final de 1984 a 1986, a ocorrência de doença até então desconhecida, com características clínicas, em muitos aspectos, semelhante à meningococcemia. Esta síndrome foi denominada Febre Purpúrica Brasileira (FPB). Em quinze dos casos com quadro clínico compatível com a síndrome, o Haemophilus aegyptius foi isolado a partir de culturas de sangue, de líquido cefalorraquidiano sanguinolento, de secreção conjuntival e orofaríngea. Analisa-se a importância deste achado, face à existência de somente um relato na literatura, de infecção sistêmica por bactérias desta espécie.

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents Bax-induced membrane perturbation and cytochrome C release in isolated mitochondria

Biochemistry, 2003, 42 (10), pp 3070–3080 DOI: 10.1021/bi026979d

Crianças referenciadas e em residências de acolhimento no distrito de Braga: risco familiar

Pela repercussão de determinadas famílias serem estigmatizadas, considerando-se “disfuncionais” ou “desestruturadas” (Furniss, 1991; Marvasti, 1995), tivemos como objetivos favorecer a identificação de fatores socioculturais (e de estrutura familiar) e discriminar indicadores de mal-estar e risco familiar. Com uma metologia qualitativa, num contexto de investigação-ação (Bryman, 2008; Denzin & Lincoln, 2005), junto de crianças referenciadas para acolhimento institucional foi utilizado por estudantes de ensino superior um guião, para entrevistas individuais, face a face e semiestrutruradas (Harrison, Geddens, & Sharpe, 2006). Selecionamos para a amostra crianças a viverem em Centros de Acolhimento Temporário (CAT), incluindo-se 7 do sexo feminino e 7 do sexo masculino. Para análise dos dados recolhidos recorremos a metodologias visuais e de análise de discurso (Rose, 2005). Os resultados permitiram-nos identificar crises familiares graves e outras mudanças aludidas constatando-se ser desenhada a “pessoa especial” e uma família (Corman, 1967; Font, 1978). Os diálogos sobre as circunstâncias e atividades do quotidiano, revelaram que o insucesso escolar é uma manifestação de preocupação de quem tenta incentivar os mais novos na procura de amizades, na construção de uma maior autonomia, estabelecendo-lhes limites de conduta e apoio na criação de objetivos e nos seus esforços para dominarem a agressividade.

Formas automorfas

El proyecto consta de varios temas interrelacionados, siendo el área general, la teoría espectral del Laplaciano en variedades localmente simétricas y sus aplicaciones. Cada tema consta de varios subproyectos. * Distribución de sumas de Kloosterman, funciones de zeta. * Transformada T (y/psi) para grupos de rango 1. * M- invariantes en las álgebras simétrica y universal. * Series de Poincaré generalizadas. * Variedades compactas planas isospectrales. * Construcción de variedades de Hsntzsche-Wendt generalizadas. * Estructuras de Clifford de variedades localmente homogeneas. * Distribución de puntos reticulares en esp. Simétricos de curvatura no positiva. * Resolvente del laplaciano y sus residuos en espacios localmente simétricos de curvatura no positiva.

Análisis de la sala de retratos del Museo Municipal Dr. Genaro Pérez

Existe en el Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes "Dr. Genaro Pérez" una galería de retratos que le confiere uno de sus rasgos distintivos. La galería ocupa dos salas ubicadas en la planta baja, abiertas al hall central, conectadas entre sí. La sala mayor cobija un total de diez pinturas al óleo, de las cuales ocho son retratos y dos paisajes. La sala menor contiene seis pinturas al óleo, todos retratos y dos esculturas de Luis Falcini. Todos los retratados son miembros de familias tradicionales de Córdoba y corresponden al período 1860-1880. (...) La galería supone un particular trabajo en el espacio, para que éste sea recorrido por un sujeto que se supone vertical, y cuyo sentido preponderante es la visión. La visión, que en la tradición de la moderna pintura al óleo se relaciona con el tacto, ofrece desde la modernidad un privilegiado lugar en la percepción de un mundo claro, palpable y por lo tanto apropiable. La galería es, desde su construcción en el Renacimiento Italiano, un espacio de exhibición del poder. Coleccionar y exhibir este poderío para ciertos y específicos espectadores, es un ritual que maneja el príncipe y sabrán heredar los burgueses. Como nos recuerda Clifford, el término inglés "collection" remite a nociones de "recopilación" y "recuerdo". (...) la noción de que esta recolección involucra es la acumulación de riquezas, que seguramente no es universal. La recolección en la modernidad puede verse como una estrategia para el despliegue de un sujeto, una cultura y una autenticidad posesivos, un ritual, una dramatización sobre apropiaciones del mundo recorridas por un gusto unificante, el del grupo recolector. Cuando la galería es pública, este gusto está en manos de ciertas instituciones artísticas, que no están aisladas(...). Por eso la historia de la galería y la del museo aparecen en diálogo con la historia de la ciudad, de la educación artística, de los salones y otros modos de sancionar dicho gusto(...). Objetivos: 1. Generales. * Aplicar marcos interpretativos interdisciplinarios a la producción artística local. * Colaborar en la historia de los movimientos culturales de Córdoba, indagando en el momento de la construcción de su escuela pictórica. 2. Específicos. * Relacionar los retratos expuestos, en especial los de Genaro Pérez, con fotografías contemporáneas. * Detectar y relacionar diferentes textos artísticos, periodísticos, literarios, históricos, jurídicos sobre Genaro Pérez y su obra.

Meteorology ... Prepared under the superintendence of the director of the Meteorological office with the co-operation of a committee of the Royal society.

Pt.2

A ação dos gens gametofíticos com referência especial ao milho

1) The first part deals with the different processes which may complicate Mendelian segregation and which may be classified into three groups, according to BRIEGER (1937b) : a) Instability of genes, b) Abnormal segregation due to distur- bances during the meiotic divisions, c) obscured segregation, after a perfectly normal meiosis, caused by elimination or during the gonophase (gametophyte in higher plants), or during zygophase (sporophyte). Without entering into detail, it is emphasized that all the above mentioned complications in the segregation of some genes may be caused by the action of other genes. Thus in maize, the instability of the Al factor is observed only when the gene dt is presente in the homozygous conditions (RHOADES 1938). In another case, still under observation in Piracicaba, an instability is observed in Mirabilis with regard to two pairs of alleles both controlling flower color. Several cases are known, especially in corn, where recessive genes, when homozigous, affect the course of meiosis, causing asynapsis (asyndesis) (BEADLE AND MC CLINTOCK 1928, BEADLE 1930), sticky chromosomes (BEADLE 1932), supermunmerary divisions (BEADLE 1931). The most extreme case of an obscured segregatiou is represented by the action of the S factors in self stetrile plants. An additional proof of EAST AND MANGELSDORF (1925) genetic formula of self sterility has been contributed by the studies on Jinked factors in Nicotina (BRIEGER AND MANGELSDORF (1926) and Antirrhinum (BRIEGER 1930, 1935), In cases of a incomplete competition and selection between pollen tubes, studies of linked indicator-genes are indispensable in the genetic analysis, since it is impossible to analyse the factors for gametophyte competition by direct aproach. 2) The flower structure of corn is explained, and stated that the particularites of floral biology make maize an excellent object for the study of gametophyte factors. Since only one pollen tube per ovule may accomplish fertilization, the competition is always extremely strong, as compared with other species possessing multi-ovulate ovaries. The lenght of the silk permitts the study of pollen tube competitions over a varying distance. Finally the genetic analysis of grains characters (endosperm and aleoron) simpliflen the experimental work considerably, by allowing the accumulation of large numbers for statistical treatment. 3) The four methods for analyzing the naturing of pollen tube competition are discussed, following BRIEGER (1930). Of these the first three are: a) polinization with a small number of pollen grains, b) polinization at different times and c) cut- ting the style after the faster tubes have passe dand before the slower tubes have reached the point where the stigma will be cut. d) The fourth method, alteration of the distatice over which competition takes place, has been applied largely in corn. The basic conceptions underlying this process, are illustrated in Fig. 3. While BRINK (1925) and MANGELSDORF (1929) applied pollen at different levels on the silks, the remaining authors (JONES, 1922, MANGELSDORF 1929, BRIEGER, at al. 1938) have used a different process. The pollen was applied as usual, after removing the main part of the silks, but the ears were divided transversally into halves or quarters before counting. The experiments showed generally an increase in the intensity of competition when there was increase of the distance over which they had to travel. Only MANGELSDORF found an interesting exception. When the distance became extreme, the initially slower tubes seemed to become finally the faster ones. 4) Methods of genetic and statistical analysis are discussed, following chiefly BRIEGER (1937a and 1937b). A formula is given to determine the intensity of ellimination in three point experiments. 5) The few facts are cited which give some indication about the physiological mechanism of gametophyte competition. They are four in number a) the growth rate depends-only on the action of gametophyte factors; b) there is an interaction between the conductive tissue of the stigma or style and the pollen tubes, mainly in self-sterile plants; c) after self-pollination necrosis starts in the tissue of the stigma, in some orchids after F. MÜLLER (1867); d) in pollon mixtures there is an inhibitory interaction between two types of pollen and the female tissue; Gossypium according to BALLS (1911), KEARNEY 1923, 1928, KEARNEY AND HARRISON (1924). A more complete discussion is found in BRIEGER 1930). 6) A list of the gametophyte factors so far localized in corn is given. CHROMOSOME IV Ga 1 : MANGELSDORF AND JONES (1925), EMERSON 1934). Ga 4 : BRIEGER (1945b). Sp 1 : MANGELSDORF (1931), SINGLETON AND MANGELSDORF (1940), BRIEGER (1945a). CHROMOSOME V Ga 2 : BRIEGER (1937a). CHROMOSOME VI BRIEGER, TIDBURY AND TSENG (1938) found indications of a gametophyte factor altering the segregation of yellow endosperm y1. CHROMOSOME IX Ga 3 : BRIEGER, TIDBURY AND TSENG (1938). While the competition in these six cases is essentially determined by one pair of factors, the degree of elimination may be variable, as shown for Ga2 (BRIEGER, 1937), for Ga4 (BRIEGER 1945a) and for Spl (SINGLETON AND MANGELSDORF 1940, BRIEGER 1945b). The action of a gametophyte factor altering the segregation of waxy (perhaps Ga3) is increased by the presence of the sul factor which thus acts as a modifier (BRINCK AND BURNHAM 1927). A polyfactorial case of gametophyte competition has been found by JONES (1922) and analysed by DEMEREC (1929) in rice pop corn which rejects the pollen tubes of other types of corn. Preference for selfing or for brothers-sister mating and partial elimination of other pollen tubes has been described by BRIEGER (1936). 7) HARLAND'S (1943) very ingenious idea is discussed to use pollen tube factors in applied genetics in order to build up an obstacle to natural crossing as a consequence of the rapid pollen tube growth after selfing. Unfortunately, HARLAND could not obtain the experimental proof of the praticability of his idea, during his experiments on selection for minor modifiers for pollen tube grouth in cotton. In maize it should be possible to employ gametophyte factors to build up lines with preference for crossing, though the method should hardly be of any practical advantage.

A new skink from Mexico, by Edward H. Taylor.

v.20:no.10(1935)