Audit report on the City of Van Wert, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Van Wert, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on a special investigation of the City of Gravity for the period January 1, 2003 through February 15, 2007

Audit report on a special investigation of the City of Gravity for the period January 1, 2003 through February 15, 2007

Audit report on the City of Postville, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Postville, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the Butler County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the Butler County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the North Iowa Juvenile Detention Services Commission for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the North Iowa Juvenile Detention Services Commission for the year ended June 30, 2007

Source inference of exogenous gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) administered to humans by means of carbon isotopic ratio analysis: novel perspectives regarding forensic investigation and intelligence issues.

γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is an endogenous short-chain fatty acid popular as a recreational drug due to sedative and euphoric effects, but also often implicated in drug-facilitated sexual assaults owing to disinhibition and amnesic properties. Whilst discrimination between endogenous and exogenous GHB as required in intoxication cases may be achieved by the determination of the carbon isotope content, such information has not yet been exploited to answer source inference questions of forensic investigation and intelligence interests. However, potential isotopic fractionation effects occurring through the whole metabolism of GHB may be a major concern in this regard. Thus, urine specimens from six healthy male volunteers who ingested prescription GHB sodium salt, marketed as Xyrem(®), were analysed by means of gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry to assess this particular topic. A very narrow range of δ(13)C values, spreading from -24.810/00 to -25.060/00, was observed, whilst mean δ(13)C value of Xyrem(®) corresponded to -24.990/00. Since urine samples and prescription drug could not be distinguished by means of statistical analysis, carbon isotopic effects and subsequent influence on δ(13)C values through GHB metabolism as a whole could be ruled out. Thus, a link between GHB as a raw matrix and found in a biological fluid may be established, bringing relevant information regarding source inference evaluation. Therefore, this study supports a diversified scope of exploitation for stable isotopes characterized in biological matrices from investigations on intoxication cases to drug intelligence programmes.

Audit report on the Office of Treasurer of State, Iowa Educational Savings Plan Trust (Trust) for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the Office of Treasurer of State, Iowa Educational Savings Plan Trust (Trust) for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the South Dallas County Landfill Agency for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the South Dallas County Landfill Agency for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of State Center, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of State Center, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the Hiawatha Water Department, Hiawatha, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the Hiawatha Water Department, Hiawatha, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Shenandoah, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Shenandoah, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Ely, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Ely, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on Clarke Community School District in Osceola, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on Clarke Community School District in Osceola, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the Perry Municipal Waterworks, Perry, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the Perry Municipal Waterworks, Perry, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on Adair County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on Adair County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007