Conditional Expected Utility

Let 'epsilon' be a class of event. Conditionally Expected Utility decision makers are decision makers whose conditional preferences ≿E, E є 'epsilon', satisfy the axioms of Subjective Expected Utility theory (SEU). We extend the notion of unconditional preference that is conditionally EU to unconditional preferences that are not necessarily SEU. We give a representation theorem for a class of such preferences, and show that they are Invariant Bi-separable in the sense of Ghirardato et al.[7]. Then, we consider the special case where the unconditional preference is itself SEU, and compare our results with those of Fishburn [6].

Expected utility without full transitivity

We generalize the classical expected-utility criterion by weakening transitivity to Suzumura consistency. In the absence of full transitivity, reflexivity and completeness no longer follow as a consequence of the system of axioms employed and a richer class of rankings of probability distributions results. This class is characterized by means of standard expected-utility axioms in addition to Suzumura consistency. An important feature of some members of our new class is that they allow us to soften the negative impact of wellknown paradoxes without abandoning the expected-utility framework altogether.

Moral Responsibility in the Context of Prenatal Testing: What can be Expected?

Commentaire / Commentary

IA Critical Study of the Impact of Institutional Finance on Agriculture in Selected Villages of Ernakulam Revenue District

Vast changes have taken place in the field of institutional rural credit in India since the nationalisation of nineteen commercial banks in 1969. The supply of institutional finance to cultivators amounted to 63.2 percent of the total credit in 1981 compared to 31.2 percent in 1971. Insti tutionalisation of agricultural credit envisaged two objectives in general. One was to emancipate cultivators and farmers from the clutches of indigenous financiers and money lenders. The second was to make farmers financially capable of adopting the new technology or improved practices in agriculture so as to increase their agricultural production and thereby contributing to the development of agriculture in India. Though vast literature on Institutional Credi t and agriculture is available, no indepth and serious work examining thoroughly the cause of credit diversion has been undertaken so far. The present study is an attempt to fill up this gap. The study will be helpful to lending insti tutions, viz. Co-ope:r-atives, Commercial banks and various other insti tutional agencies in connection with their lending activity_ Also, the study will help government in .formulating proper policies that will insure a preferential treatment in favour of the most needy category of farmers and cultivators with respect to agricultural credit disbursement

Uso de los recursos generados desde 2008 por las concesiones de sal de Zipaquirá y Nemocón y proyección de los ingresos hasta 2038

En primera instancia, con este trabajo se busca contextualizar a las personas del común acerca de las concesiones explicándoles qué es una concesión y cómo se relacionan con la economía. Adicional se explicará qué es la sal, cuáles son sus derivados y sus usos. En una segunda instancia, y en forma más concreta, se explicará en qué consisten las concesiones de sal de Nemocón y Zipaquirá, mostrando la manera como se han usado los recursos monetarios generados por dichas concesiones y determinando el grado de influencia que estos recursos han tenido sobre los proyectos que se esperan generen mayor beneficio a la comunidad. Finalmente, se proyectó el flujo de ingresos que el gobierno espera recibir por compensaciones generadas de las concesiones de sal hasta el año 2038 y de esta forma poder brindar, en valor presente, la cantidad de dinero en la que el gobierno podría llegar a endeudarse teniendo como garantía los ingresos que generarán las concesiones de las áreas mineras de sal de Nemocón y Zipaquirá.

The expected imprint of flux rope geometry on suprathermal electrons in magnetic clouds

Magnetic clouds are a subset of interplanetary coronal mass ejections characterized by a smooth rotation in the magnetic field direction, which is interpreted as a signature of a magnetic flux rope. Suprathermal electron observations indicate that one or both ends of a magnetic cloud typically remain connected to the Sun as it moves out through the heliosphere. With distance from the axis of the flux rope, out toward its edge, the magnetic field winds more tightly about the axis and electrons must traverse longer magnetic field lines to reach the same heliocentric distance. This increased time of flight allows greater pitch-angle scattering to occur, meaning suprathermal electron pitch-angle distributions should be systematically broader at the edges of the flux rope than at the axis. We model this effect with an analytical magnetic flux rope model and a numerical scheme for suprathermal electron pitch-angle scattering and find that the signature of a magnetic flux rope should be observable with the typical pitch-angle resolution of suprathermal electron data provided ACE's SWEPAM instrument. Evidence of this signature in the observations, however, is weak, possibly because reconnection of magnetic fields within the flux rope acts to intermix flux tubes.

The expected performance of single nucleotide polymorphism loci in paternity testing

We discuss the utility of single nucleotide polymorphism loci for full trio and mother-unavailable paternity testing cases, in the presence of population substructure and relatedness of putative and actual fathers. We focus primarily on the expected number of loci required to gain specified probabilities of mismatches, and report the expected proportion of paternity indices greater than three threshold values for these loci. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.