999 resultados para Estudantes do ensino superior
Resumo:
Este artigo apresenta evidências produzidas a partir da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 2006 sobre as relações entre classe, raça e acesso ao ensino superior. O objetivo é preencher a lacuna de conhecimento que ainda persiste sobre o tema, a despeito do intenso debate público sobre a adoção de políticas de promoção de acesso equitativo ao ensino superior para negros ou para pobres. Os indicadores apresentados apontam a existência de associações entre classe, raça e acesso ao ensino superior para além dos efeitos das relações entre classe, raça e término do ensino médio. Conclui apontando a necessidade simultânea de quotas sociais e raciais para atingir o objetivo de atacar a desigualdade de acesso à universidade.
Resumo:
Este artigo aborda a terceirização de professores por meio de cooperativas de mão de obra no âmbito do ensino superior privado, fenômeno educacional que surgiu na metade da presente década, enquadrado como prática ilegal que fere os princípios do cooperativismo quando visa fraudar a legislação trabalhista brasileira. Tem por objetivo compreender a expansão desse fenômeno por meio da reconstrução da cronologia dos fatos, da identificação dos momentos históricos do seu entendimento legal e do mapeamento da sua expansão geográfica, a partir da identificação de casos concretos que envolveram a atuação da Justiça do Trabalho, do Ministério Público do Trabalho e outros órgãos do Poder Público. Apoiando-se em pesquisa qualitativa, são identificados quatro momentos claramente definidos que vão desde o surgimento dos primeiros casos até a punição das instituições de ensino superior que adotaram o sistema contratual em questão.
Resumo:
O artigo analisa as diferentes modalidades de ações afirmativas raciais em vigor nas universidades públicas brasileiras até 2012. A partir de um levantamento das leis e resoluções que regulamentam tais políticas, cruzadas com microdados produzidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais, traçamos um panorama da ação afirmativa no país. Nosso esforço tem por objetivo explicitar os diferentes diagnósticos acerca das desigualdades educacionais no Brasil em que as universidades se baseiam para elaborar suas políticas e investigar de que maneira adotam procedimentos para mitigar iniquidades na admissão aos seus cursos, lidando com o desafio de transformar categorias sociológicas como classe, raça e etnicidade, bem como demandas governamentais e de movimentos sociais em critérios norteadores de políticas públicas.
Correio eletrônico como recurso didático no ensino superior: o caso da Universidade Federal do Ceará
Resumo:
O correio eletrônico é uma aplicação popular da Internet, constituindo-se um incentivo para os professores integrarem esse recurso tecnológico em suas disciplinas, podendo ser utilizado como uma técnica para aprimoramento do ensino-aprendizagem. Algumas disciplinas de cursos de graduação e de mestrado da Universidade Federal do Ceará vêm contemplando os alunos matriculados com a utilização do correio eletrônico, com o propósito de melhorar o intercâmbio das informações entre os alunos e entre estes e os professores. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo fundamental avaliar a opinião dos alunos sobre o uso do correio eletrônico e o sucesso instrucional proporcionado pela sua utilização. Aplicou-se um instrumento, contendo duas escalas de opinião, em uma amostra aleatória de 123 alunos de disciplinas que usam o correio eletrônico. Observou-se que somente 27,6% dos entrevistados apresentaram alto nível de concordância nos 13 itens da escala referentes à utilização do correio eletrônico como recurso. No entanto, 72,5% dos respondentes à escala com 12 itens sobre o sucesso instrucional e a troca de experiências apresentaram alto nível de concordância.
Resumo:
The results of a survey of institutions offering undergraduate studies, with the objective of evaluating the importance of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry for Chemistry courses in Brazil, are presented and discussed. Judging by the data, the content of the course of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry is considered by the Brazilian institutions offering undergraduate studies to be a body of knowledge essential for the formation of the chemist. This aspect is deemed valid for both baccalaureate and teaching license studies.
Resumo:
Studies have demonstrated the importance of argumentation in science education. Based on this assertion, we have tried to develop argumentative abilities in chemistry undergraduate students through a teaching methodology based on case studies. The process culminated with class presentations by student groups about possible solutions for the cases. To assess the quality of students' argumentation, videotapes of group presentations were collected and analyzed using Toulmin's Argument Pattern (TAP). TAP illustrates the nature of an argument in terms of claims, data, warrants, backings, and rebuttals. The findings of this work support the idea that the case study approach is an effective strategy for enhancing students' ability to argument.
Resumo:
Since chemical residues management must be seriously considered at institutions of higher education and due to the relevance of this subject for students, this work proposes the involvement of the scientific community in the establishment of a program for management of chemical residues at universities, starting with a committee, to coordinate the process. The program should integrate the entire scientific community in an organized effort. The program involves legislative, educational and environmental management aspects, with environmental education as an important tool to integrate all the administrative areas of a chemistry department.
Resumo:
Chemistry teachers increasingly use research articles in their undergraduate courses. This trend arises from current pedagogical emphasis on active learning and scientific process. In this paper, we describe some educational experiences on the use of research articles in chemistry higher education. Additionally, we present our own conclusions on the use of such methodology applied to a scientific communication course offered to undergraduate chemistry students at the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Resumo:
The Curricular Proposals for Chemistry Teaching Courses aim at producing a reflexive-researcher teacher, who will be able to deal with cross-disciplinary subjects. The challenge faced by the majority of the federal universities, in implementing these guidelines, is to attain these objectives inside their departmental structure. We present here the formulation of the Chemistry Teaching Course Pedagogic Project from Federal University of Pelotas concerning on the CNE/CP 1/2002 and 2/2002 Resolutions. We discuss the impact of these Proposals, the difficulties faced and the new perspectives of organization inside of these institutions, which resulted in new spaces with cross-disciplinary and cross-departmental orientation.
Resumo:
The literature on the challenges of teacher education in undergraduate chemistry teaching is limited. In the present study, the application of didactic proposals elaborated by two authors of this paper, graduate students and teaching assistants of the teaching improvement program at University of São Paulo, was investigated in terms of their contribution to the teaching assistants' education and undergraduate students' receptivity toward them. Such proposals were based on the jigsaw cooperative learning strategy and applied in two undergraduate courses. The results indicate students' good receptivity and suggest their importance to teaching assistants' education.
Resumo:
Business games have become a popular choice of pedagogical technique for teaching in higher education. The objective of a business game is to offer students the opportunity to learn by doing, engaging them in a simulated experience of the real-world. This paper discusses how a business game has been played by undergraduate chemistry students in a Quality Management course. The responses from the teaching evaluation questionnaires revealed that they not only improved their quality management practices, but also enjoyed working in teams. The level of participation by students was good and the classroom activities provided a meaningful learning experience.
Resumo:
We live in a context in which knowledge develops continuously and rapidly. This generates a social dynamics that demands constant adaptation from those living in society and also from educational institutions. Education for this new society needs to be rethought. Universities, anchored in tradition, still use a transmission/reception model of education. A data-collecting instrument applied to undergraduate chemistry students at the end of the course in organic chemistry investigated some concepts essential to the education of a chemist, such as interatomic and intermolecular interactions and Lewis structure. We observed that students have difficulty dealing with these concepts, and we believe that this is related to the type of class they had/have and to the way the concepts are presented in the college textbooks.
Resumo:
The goal of this study was to examine the means used by textbook authors to introduce, define, and explain the electronegativity concept in high school and introductory college chemistry textbooks. Results obtained showed that most textbooks lacked history precedence and did not deal with the conceptual understanding and manifesting a strong standardization of characteristics that, from our point of view, do not favor the teaching-learning of the electronegativity concept.