Uma proposta de educação musical para a sensibilização ambiental

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Um olhar sobre o setor agrícola brasileiro: análise histórico-quantitativa dos governos FHC e Lula

This work aims to characterize and analyze the development and modernization of the Brazilian agricultural sector in the period from 1960 to the end of the Lula government, through the military dictatorship, the plans to combat inflation in the 1980s and 1990s and the programs social Lula's government. The performance of commercial agriculture is emphasized in the FHC and Lula administrations

Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida: estratégia no enfrentamento da crise de 2008

This work aims to present an analysis of the Minha Casa Minha Vida, proposed by Lula's government in 2009, highlighting their main impacts for the country in the period following the international financial crisis of 2008, in addition to demonstrating the perception of different inserted agents in context. We argue that the Program implementation was a strategy for the country to overcome the crisis, moving the economy to stimulate consumption, investment and job creation. This work also analyzes the Lula government, responsible for program implementation, and seeks to show its characteristic points that led to the success of the Minha Casa Minha Vida. Finally, we demonstrate that the 2008 crisis has a side still little explored, that goes beyond the economic data that generated and can be regarded as the mainstream economic thinking crisis

Titia vem cá ver a pedra alumiante que o papai trouxe'. História da Ciência, Radioatividade e o Césio-137 em Goiânia: propostas para uma unidade didática

This study aimed to discuss the recent contributions of History of Science to theteaching of chemistry. The theme of the teaching unit was on the accident of cesium-137 in Goiânia ? Goiás, Brazil (1987). This was a qualitative study in which researcherand professor use the methodology of teaching on research. Thus, students should seekinformation, organize the data collected and establish relationships. Students producedposters in an exhibition at the school on the twentieth anniversary of the accident.Results demonstrated the importance of this resource. It was possible to exploit theabundance of detail and illustrations utilized what themes they students considerimportant and which they exploited. A poster exhibition on the theme indicated thestrong interest of students to participate in all activities proposed. The study alsorevealed the importance of using elements of the History of Science in ChemicalEducation and its relationship to the daily life of students.Key words: history of science; radioactivity; cesium-137

Immunohistochemical expression of Rho GTPases in ameloblastomas

Rho GTPases are proteins that regulate cell cycle, shape, polarization, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, which are important characteristics of normal and neoplastic cells. Rho GTPases expression has been reported in normal tooth germ and several pathologies; however, it has not been evaluated in ameloblastomas. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and distribution of RhoA, RhoB, Rac1, and Cdc42 Rho GTPases in solid and unicystic ameloblastomas. Three-micrometer sections from paraffin- embedded specimens were evaluated by using an avidin- biotin immunohistochemical method with antibodies against the proteins mentioned above. RhoA and RhoB staining was observed in a high number of cells (P < 0.05) and greater intensity in non-polarized ones. Rac1 was not observed, andCdc42 didnot showany statistical differences between the number of non-polarized and basal positive cells (P > 0.05). Upon comparing the studied ameloblastomas, a higher number of positive cells in the unicystic variant was observed than that in the solid one (P < 0,05). The results obtained suggest that theseGTPases could play a role in the ameloblastoma neoplastic epithelial cell phenotype determination (polarized or non-polarized), as well as in variant (solid or unicystic) and subtype (follicular or plexiform) determination. Furthermore, they could participate in solid ameloblastoma invasion mechanisms. J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 400-407

Uso de substâncias na adolescência e problemas familiares

Esta pesquisa visou a avaliar a associação entre o consumo de substâncias (álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas) e problemas familiares numa amostra de 965 adolescentes em 50 escolas públicas de dois municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2007. Foi utilizado o Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) para a coleta de dados. O uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas foi associado à avaliação negativa da relação familiar, à falta de suporte/monitoramento e ao uso de substâncias por familiares (p < 0,05). Os estudantes que relataram ter feito uso de substâncias apresentaram mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que não consumiram nenhuma substância (p < 0,001). Os adolescentes que usaram álcool e tabaco (p = 0,028) e drogas ilícitas (p < 0,001) relataram ter mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que usaram apenas álcool. Os resultados apontam para a importância de se ficar atento ao consumo de álcool e tabaco entre os adolescentes, já que o relato do consumo das duas substâncias esteve associado a prejuízos familiares significativos, semelhantes ao uso de drogas ilícitas.

Neighbourhood abundance and small-tree survival in a lowland Bornean rainforest

Conspecific effects of neighbours on small-tree survival may have a role in tree population dynamics and community composition of tropical forests. This notion was tested with data from two 4-ha plots in lowland forest at Danum, Sabah (Borneo), for a 21-year interval (censuses at 1986, 1996, 2001, 2007). Species with ≥45 focal trees 10 to <100 cm stem girth per plot in 1986 were selected. Logistic regressions fitted mean focal tree size and mean inverse-distance-weighted basal area abundance of neighbours (within 20 m), for the periods over which each focus tree was alive. Coefficients of variation of neighbourhood basal area abundance, both spatially and temporally, quantified the changing environment of each focus tree. Fits were critically and individually evaluated, with corrections for spatial autocorrelation. Conspecific effects at Danum was generally very weak or non-existent: species’ mortality rates varied also across plots. The main reasons appear to be that (1) species were not dense enough to interact despite frequent although weak spatial aggregation, and their neighbourhoods were highly differing in species composition; and (2) these neighbourhoods were highly variable temporally, meaning that focus trees experienced stochastically fluctuating neighbourhood environments. Only one species, Dimorphocalyx muricatus, showed strong conspecific effects (varying between plots) which can be explained by its distinct ecology. This understorey species is highly aggregated on ridges and is drought-tolerant. That this functionally and habitat-specialized species, has implied intraspecific density-dependent feedback in its dynamics is a remarkable indication of the overall processes maintaining stability of the Danum forest.

Cambio para optimizar la calidad de las prestaciones del Programa Oncológico Provincial

Considerando el alto costo farmacológico de los tratamientos oncológicos actuales y de los anticuerpos monoclonales pautados para diferentes terapias que están apareciendo y que serán prácticamente lo único que se use en el futuro para diferentes diagnósticos, el Programa Oncológico Provincial cubre sin cargo alguno las necesidades de los pacientes atendidos en Hospitales Estatales, cumpliendo una función social, dispensando los medicamentos solicitados por el médico tratante, en forma confiable, segura, y con equidad para recibir el tratamiento adecuado en el momento oportuno. Los recursos que pueden ser destinados al gasto farmacéutico son limitados, por lo que es necesario racionalizar el consumo y priorizar en la asignación de estos recursos a las opciones que presentan mayores ventajas económicas, basada en mantener una mejor relación costo/beneficio, repercutiendo de manera directa en los enfermos y en la sociedad en general. En este trabajo, se analiza el sistema de adquisición de drogas oncológicas usado por el Programa Oncológico Provincial realizando una comparación entre el sistema de compras original y el adoptado por el Programa en el año 2005. Se evalúa el periodo 2001-2007, en base a diversos indicadores y datos estadísticos, para determinar si ha mejorado la calidad de las prestaciones, si ha disminuido la demanda contenida y si se ha logrado mejorar la relación costo / beneficio, controlando así el gasto sanitario global lo que constituiría una inversión rentable para el sistema de salud. Los resultados indican que el nuevo sistema adoptado por el Programa Provincial de Oncología ha mejorado la provisión de medicamentos y garantiza mayor calidad en las prestaciones, pero estos resultados pueden ser superados. También muestra la gravedad del problema de la utilización de los nuevos fármacos monoclonales.

Reestruturaçao universitária brasileira : Reuni e seus impactos na elaboraçao de politicas públicas ao ensino superior brasileiro

O artigo analisa as concepçoes políticas acerca da implementaçao do Programa de Apoio aos Planos de Reestruturaçao e Expansao das Universidades Federais (REUNI), no Brasil em 2007, compreendendo a bandeira da democratizaçao do ensino superior brasileiro, como proposiçoes e os anseios políticos de ordem mercadológica a esse nível de ensino. No período antecedente ao REUNI observa-se, no Brasil inúmeras medidas provisórias que ampliam o acesso ao ensino superior, sendo em instituiçoes públicas ou privadas, além das expansoes e criaçoes de novas instituiçoes públicas de ensino, valendo-se dos discursos de reparaçoes históricas tardias. Concomitante ao REUNI surge as Universidades Novas, no Brasil tais universidades expressam características pedagógicas peculiares, com Bacharéis Interdisciplinares, permitindo uma formaçao generalista, além disso, há similitudes as especificidades pedagógicas do Espaço Europeu de Ensino Superior, as Diretrizes Gerais dos Bacharéis Interdisciplinares. Nesse contexto o Brasil estaria deixando suas instituiçoes federais de ensino superior, em patamares internacionais, seja pela cooperaçao acadêmica e pela transnacionalizaçao do ensino por meio de acordos com instituiçoes de ensino superior ou com parcerias com as agencias financeiras internacionais. Uma vez que há a dicotomia entre a internacionalizaçao do ensino e a transnacionalizaçao do ensino superior, sendo o Brasil partícipe destes dois processos

Reestruturaçao universitária brasileira : Reuni e seus impactos na elaboraçao de politicas públicas ao ensino superior brasileiro

O artigo analisa as concepçoes políticas acerca da implementaçao do Programa de Apoio aos Planos de Reestruturaçao e Expansao das Universidades Federais (REUNI), no Brasil em 2007, compreendendo a bandeira da democratizaçao do ensino superior brasileiro, como proposiçoes e os anseios políticos de ordem mercadológica a esse nível de ensino. No período antecedente ao REUNI observa-se, no Brasil inúmeras medidas provisórias que ampliam o acesso ao ensino superior, sendo em instituiçoes públicas ou privadas, além das expansoes e criaçoes de novas instituiçoes públicas de ensino, valendo-se dos discursos de reparaçoes históricas tardias. Concomitante ao REUNI surge as Universidades Novas, no Brasil tais universidades expressam características pedagógicas peculiares, com Bacharéis Interdisciplinares, permitindo uma formaçao generalista, além disso, há similitudes as especificidades pedagógicas do Espaço Europeu de Ensino Superior, as Diretrizes Gerais dos Bacharéis Interdisciplinares. Nesse contexto o Brasil estaria deixando suas instituiçoes federais de ensino superior, em patamares internacionais, seja pela cooperaçao acadêmica e pela transnacionalizaçao do ensino por meio de acordos com instituiçoes de ensino superior ou com parcerias com as agencias financeiras internacionais. Uma vez que há a dicotomia entre a internacionalizaçao do ensino e a transnacionalizaçao do ensino superior, sendo o Brasil partícipe destes dois processos

Reestruturaçao universitária brasileira : Reuni e seus impactos na elaboraçao de politicas públicas ao ensino superior brasileiro

O artigo analisa as concepçoes políticas acerca da implementaçao do Programa de Apoio aos Planos de Reestruturaçao e Expansao das Universidades Federais (REUNI), no Brasil em 2007, compreendendo a bandeira da democratizaçao do ensino superior brasileiro, como proposiçoes e os anseios políticos de ordem mercadológica a esse nível de ensino. No período antecedente ao REUNI observa-se, no Brasil inúmeras medidas provisórias que ampliam o acesso ao ensino superior, sendo em instituiçoes públicas ou privadas, além das expansoes e criaçoes de novas instituiçoes públicas de ensino, valendo-se dos discursos de reparaçoes históricas tardias. Concomitante ao REUNI surge as Universidades Novas, no Brasil tais universidades expressam características pedagógicas peculiares, com Bacharéis Interdisciplinares, permitindo uma formaçao generalista, além disso, há similitudes as especificidades pedagógicas do Espaço Europeu de Ensino Superior, as Diretrizes Gerais dos Bacharéis Interdisciplinares. Nesse contexto o Brasil estaria deixando suas instituiçoes federais de ensino superior, em patamares internacionais, seja pela cooperaçao acadêmica e pela transnacionalizaçao do ensino por meio de acordos com instituiçoes de ensino superior ou com parcerias com as agencias financeiras internacionais. Uma vez que há a dicotomia entre a internacionalizaçao do ensino e a transnacionalizaçao do ensino superior, sendo o Brasil partícipe destes dois processos

Estudio bibliométrico de la producción científica y de consumo de las revistas sobre nutrición indizadas en la Red SciELO

Objetivo: Evaluar, mediante el análisis bibliométrico, la actividad científica, la producción y el consumo de información de las revistas indizadas en la Red SciELO: Nutrición Hospitalaria, Revista de Nutrição, Revista Chilena de Nutrición, Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición y Archivos Latinoamericanos de nutrición, como publicaciones científicas del área de las ciencias de la nutrición y en la salud en el periodo 2001-2007. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal de los resultados obtenidos del análisis bibliométrico de los artículos ubicados en las revistas en el área de las ciencias de la nutrición, sus referencias bibliográficas y las Palabras Clave contenidas en ellos. Se tuvo en cuenta todas las tipologías documentales, a excepción de las Comunicaciones a Congresos. Para estudiar las referencias bibliográficas se procedió al cálculo del tamaño muestral mediante la estimación de parámetros poblacionales en una población infinita. El método de muestreo fue el aleatorio simple sin reemplazo. Todos los datos se obtuvieron, vía online, artículos publicados en las revistas de nutrición indizadas en la Red SciELO. Resultados: Todos los datos del análisis de producción científica y de consumo se publicaron en siete artículos científicos que forman el cuerpo principal de esta tesis. Conclusiones: Es primordial señalar la posibilidad de disponer del texto completo de la producción científica iberoamericana sobre nutrición, publicada en formato electrónico, a través de la Red SciELO. El enfoque iberoamericano de las 5 revistas estudiadas es incuestionable. Pero, deberían debatir la escasez de artículos con otra filiación. La producción científica calculada, el número de autores y el índice de cooperación presentan datos similares a otras revistas sobre ciencias de la salud. El predominio del idioma nacional es una constante en las revistas iberoamericanas. Los autores con mayor capacidad idiomática tienden a publicar en revistas de habla anglófona una vez realizado el esfuerzo de escribir el artículo en inglés. Las revistas más referidas coinciden con publicaciones sobre las ciencias de la nutrición. Asimismo, el hecho de que se mencionen artículos publicados en revistas de alto impacto es un tema ya comprobado. El porcentaje de autocitas está por debajo de los resultados esperados. El análisis de la obsolescencia, medido tanto por la Mediana como por el Índice de Price, muestra resultados en el límite superior de los indicadores de actualidad. Destacar el porcentaje de Palabras Clave que coinciden con Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud en Revista de Nutrição.

The political discourse and material practice of technology enhanced learning

Technology discloses man’s mode of dealing with Nature, the process of production by which he sustains his life, and thereby also lays bare the mode of formation of his social relations, and of the mental conceptions that flow from them (Marx, 1990: 372) My thesis is a Sociological analysis of UK policy discourse for educational technology during the last 15 years. My framework is a dialogue between the Marxist-based critical social theory of Lieras and a corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of UK policy for Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) in higher education. Embedded in TEL is a presupposition: a deterministic assumption that technology has enhanced learning. This conceals a necessary debate that reminds us it is humans that design learning, not technology. By omitting people, TEL provides a vehicle for strong hierarchical or neoliberal, agendas to make simplified claims politically, in the name of technology. My research has two main aims: firstly, I share a replicable, mixed methodological approach for linguistic analysis of the political discourse of TEL. Quantitatively, I examine patterns in my corpus to question forms of ‘use’ around technology that structure a rigid basic argument which ‘enframes’ educational technology (Heidegger, 1977: 38). In a qualitative analysis of findings, I ask to what extent policy discourse evaluates technology in one way, to support a Knowledge Based Economy (KBE) in a political economy of neoliberalism (Jessop 2004, Fairclough 2006). If technology is commodified as an external enhancement, it is expected to provide an ‘exchange value’ for learners (Marx, 1867). I therefore examine more closely what is prioritised and devalued in these texts. Secondly, I disclose a form of austerity in the discourse where technology, as an abstract force, undertakes tasks usually ascribed to humans (Lieras, 1996, Brey, 2003:2). This risks desubjectivisation, loss of power and limits people’s relationships with technology and with each other. A view of technology in political discourse as complete without people closes possibilities for broader dialectical (Fairclough, 2001, 2007) and ‘convivial’ (Illich, 1973) understandings of the intimate, material practice of engaging with technology in education. In opening the ‘black box’ of TEL via CDA I reveal talking points that are otherwise concealed. This allows me as to be reflexive and self-critical through praxis, to confront my own assumptions about what the discourse conceals and what forms of resistance might be required. In so doing, I contribute to ongoing debates about networked learning, providing a context to explore educational technology as a technology, language and learning nexus.

Eleição nas escolas: uma análise do impacto do diretor eleito sobre o desempenho educacional no Estado da Bahia

In Brazil, the selection of school principals is set in a decentralized manner by each state and city, such that processes may vary with time for a specific locality. In the state of Bahia, school principals were appointed by a higher political hierarchy until 2008, when schools under state administration started selecting principals by elections. The main goal of this work is to evaluate whether changing this specific rule affected students proficiency levels. This is achieved by using a panel data and difference-in-differences approachs that compares state schools (treatment group) to city schools (control group) that did not face a selection rule change and thus kept having their principals politically appointed. The databases used are Prova Brasil 2007, 2009 and 2011, the first one prior and the other two former to the policy change. Our results suggest that students attending schools with principals that are selected and elected have slightly lower mean proficiency levels both in mathematics and in portuguese exams than those attending schools with appointed principals. This result, according to the literature, could be related to perverse effects of selecting school administrators by vote, such as corporatism, clientelism and politicization of the school environment

Conception de cartes conceptuelles pour l’enseignement explicite et l’apprentissage significatif de l’anglais, langue seconde

L’acquisition de l’anglais comme langue seconde est faite pour diverses raisons et atteinte par plusieurs moyens. Au Québec, il est enseigné obligatoirement dans les écoles primaires et secondaires ainsi que dans les institutions collégiales. L’approche privilégiée dans tous les cours d’anglais, langue seconde aux niveaux primaire et secondaire, est l’approche communicative. Cependant, bien que le programme de formation doive être respecté dans toutes les écoles de la province, les étudiantes et étudiants ne commencent pas leurs études collégiales avec le même niveau de compétences en anglais. En fait, quatre niveaux d’anglais langue, seconde, sont offerts, permettant à ceux et celles qui sont plus faibles de suivre des cours d’anglais, langue seconde, adaptés à leur niveau de compétence. L’approche communicative vise l’apprentissage d’une langue de la même manière dont on apprend sa langue maternelle. On croit qu’en plaçant les étudiantes et étudiants dans des situations de communication avec leurs pairs, ils se rendent compte de leurs propres erreurs et s’autocorrigent tout au long du cours. Cependant, bien que cette façon d’apprendre soit efficace pour un certain nombre d’étudiantes et d’étudiants, des statistiques démontrent qu’entre 20 % et 25 % d’étudiantes et d’étudiants sont incapables de réussir l’anglais de base au niveau collégial. Or, cette recherche s’est basée sur la prémisse que pour plusieurs étudiantes et étudiants, l’approche communicative au détriment des approches favorisant un enseignement explicite n’est pas suffisante pour apprendre l’anglais adéquatement. Ainsi, nous avons exploré la conception de cartes conceptuelles pour soutenir un enseignement explicite et favoriser un apprentissage significatif, plus précisément des temps de verbes de base visés dans le cours d’anglais de base, soit le Niveau I. Notre recherche-développement se fonde sur un cadre de référence contenant quatre principaux éléments. Premièrement, nous avons examiné deux courants actuels en éducation au Québec, soit l’approche par compétence implantée dans toutes les écoles primaire et secondaire ainsi qu’au niveau collégial, puis l’approche communicative qui est utilisée dans les cours d’anglais langue seconde. En deuxième lieu, nous avons présenté une recension des écrits relatifs à un enseignement explicite et enfin, en troisième lieu, une recension des écrits relatifs à un apprentissage significatif. Finalement, notre cadre de référence porte sur l’usage de cartes conceptuelles en enseignement. Notre méthodologie s’est inscrite dans un devis de recherche-développement qui est qualitative et interprétative. En se basant sur un modèle de Loiselle et Harvey (2001, 2007), notre processus de conception, de mise à l’essai et de validation a été noté dans un journal de bord. La mise à l’essai a été réalisée dans deux classes de niveau de base en anglais, langue seconde, dans un cégep francophone de la région de Québec. Cette étape a été suivie par une validation par voie d’entrevues individuelles et de groupes de discussion auprès d’expertes et d’experts et auprès d’étudiantes et d’étudiants. Les résultats de notre recherche-développement proviennent de constats à la suite d’un examen de notre journal de bord et des commentaires reçus lors de la validation. Principalement, nous avons remarqué un intérêt de la part d’autres enseignantes et enseignants à trouver des façons complémentaires d’enseigner explicitement les temps de verbes de base. De plus, un certain nombre d’étudiantes et d’étudiants ont soutenu avoir appris de façon plus significative des temps de verbes grâce aux cartes conceptuelles. Cette première exploration d’usage de cartes conceptuelles nous a permis de tirer des conclusions positives, mais il est à noter que notre recherche a été limitée en temps et en nombre de participantes et participants. Nous croyons qu’il serait pertinent de continuer à explorer l’usage des cartes conceptuelles pour un enseignement explicite et un apprentissage significatif dans les cours d’anglais langue seconde en faisant des mises à l’essai et des validations plus systématiques.