Retrospective study on the cytological exams in a veterinary technic hospital in a five year period

The cytological exam is a practical diagnostic aplication which allows the detection of inflammatory, proliferative and infectious disturbances. In the present study, the results of cytological exams during six years were evaluated, determining the most common type of disorder (inflammatory, infectious, proliferative). Epidemiological aspects such as species, breed, sex and age were taken into account. 270 reviews were evaluated and the prevalence was neoplasms (53%). The canine specie was the most observed, with 92% of cases. Females totaled 53%. The age ranged from one to 17 years and the interval of six to 10 years was most observed (40% of cases). The round cell neoplasms were the most prevalent, followed by breast neoformations.

Tirotoxicose experimental em gatos: estudo ultra-sonográfico das alterações hepáticas e suas correlações com os níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas, dos hormônios tiroideos e achados histológicos e citológicos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Tumor venéreo transmissível espontâneo canino: a inserção do transposon line-1 no gene C-MYC e os critérios de malignidade

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo clínico-laboratorial das articulações de cães naturalmente infectados com leishmaniose visceral e experimentalmente inoculados com Leishmania chagasi por via intra-articular

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cytogenetic description of breast fibroadenomas: alterations related solely to proliferation?

Twelve breast fibroadenomas were analyzed cytogenetically and only four were found to have clonal alterations. The presence of chromosomal alterations in fibroadenomas must be the consequence of the proliferating process and must not be related to the etiology of this type of lesion. In contrast, the few fibroadenomas that exhibit chromosomal alterations are likely to be those presenting a risk of neoplastic transformation. Clonal numerical alterations involved chromosomes 8, 18, 19, and 21. Of the chromosomal alterations found in the present study, only monosomy of chromosomes 19 and 21 has been reported in breast fibroadenomas. The loss of chromosome 21 was the most frequent alteration found in our sample. The study of benign proliferations and their comparison with chromosome alterations in their malignant counterparts ought to result in a better understanding of the genes acting on cell proliferation alone, and of the genes that cause these cells to exhibit varied behaviors such as recurrences, spontaneous regression and fast growth.

Epigenetic alterations in human brain tumors in a Brazilian population

Aberrant methylation of CpG islands located in promoter regions represents one of the major mechanisms for silencing cancer-related genes in tumor cells. We determined the frequency of aberrant CpG island methylation for several tumor-associated genes: DAPK, MGMT, p14^ARF, p16^INK4a, TP73, RB1 and TIMP-3 in 55 brain tumors, consisting of 26 neuroepithelial tumors, 6 peripheral nerve tumors, 13 meningeal tumors and 10 metastatic brain tumors. Aberrant methylation of at least one of the seven genes studied was detected in 83.6% of the cases. The frequencies of aberrant methylation were: 40% for p14^ARF, 38.2% for MGMT, 30.9% for, p16^INK4a, 14.6% for TP73 and for TIMP-3, 12.7% for DAPK and 1.8% for RB1. These data suggest that the hypermethylation observed in the genes p14^ARF, MGMT and p16^INK4a is a very important event in the formation or progression of brain tumors, since the inactivation of these genes directly interferes with the cell cycle or DNA repair. The altered methylation rate of the other genes has already been reported to be related to tumorigenesis, but the low methylation rate of RB1 found in tumors in our sample is different from that so far reported in the literature, suggesting that perhaps hypermethylation of the promoter is not the main event in the inactivation of this gene. Our results suggest that hypermethylation of the promoter region is a very common event in nervous system tumors.

Cardiovascular and respiratory alterations in dogs during cervical myelography using ioversol

Subarachnoid infusion of most contrast mediums and the steps involved in performing a cervical myelography have adverse affects that can discourage its use in the radiographic diagnosis of spinal cord diseases. Thus, the cardiovascular and respiratory alterations associated with neck flexion, subarachnoid puncture, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage during subarachnoid infusion of ioversol (320mgI/mL) in dogs under general anesthesia using isoflurane were evaluated. The dogs received subarachnoid infusion of autologous cerebrospinal fluid kept at 38°C - control group (GC); ioversol 0.3mL/kg at 25°C (GI25) and ioversol 0.3mL/kg heated to 38°C (GI38). Each dog had its heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), respiratory rate (RR), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) and electrocardiography readings (PR and QT intervals) recorded. Group comparisons showed no statistical difference regarding neck positioning, subarachnoid puncture, and subarachnoid infusion of contrast medium on HR, RR and SaO2, cardiac rhythm or conduction. However, isoflurane significantly increased PR and QT intervals. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the steps involved in cervical myelography and the use of ioversol 320mgI/mL at 0.3mL/kg (25ºC and 38ºC) during cervical myelography did not result in relevant cardiovascular and respiratory alterations, except for an elevation in arterial pressure after injection of ioversol.

Alterations of the gastric stump and not resected stomach mucosa after truncal vagotomy in rats

PURPOSE:To evaluate morphological changes of the gastric stump and not resected stomach mucosa after the completion of truncal vagotomy.METHODS:Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: CT, TV, RY and RYTV. In CT group, abdominal viscera were manipulated and the abdominal cavity was closed, in TV vagal trunks were isolated and sectioned, in RY a partial Roux-en-Y gastrectomy was performed and in RYTV the vagal trunks were sectioned and a partial Roux-en-Y gastrectomy was performed. At the 54th week after surgery, the rats were euthanized. The findings were submitted to histological analyses.RESULTS:None macroscopic or histological alterations in groups TV and CT was observed. Specimens from RY and RYTV groups did not show alterations in the gastric stump mucosa. At the jejunal side of the gastroenterostomy we found shallow ulcerative lesions always single, well-defined and with variable diameter 3 to 6 mm, six times in the RY group and none in the RYTV group (RY>RYTV, p=0.008). Neoplastic or preneoplastic lesions were not diagnosed in all groups.CONCLUSION:Truncal vagotomy is a safe and non-carcinogenic method in not resected and partially resected stomach.

Morphological alterations of epidermis of rabbits infested by R. sanguineus ticks and exposed to Selamectin (active principle of Pfizer Revolution (R) acaricide): A confocal microscopy study

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Recurrent genomic alterations in sequential progressive leukoplakia and oral cancer: drivers of oral tumorigenesis?

A significant proportion (up to 62) of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) may arise from oral potential malignant lesions (OPMLs), such as leukoplakia. Patient outcomes may thus be improved through detection of lesions at a risk for malignant transformation, by identifying and categorizing genetic changes in sequential, progressive OPMLs. We conducted array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 25 sequential, progressive OPMLs and same-site OSCCs from five patients. Recurrent DNA copy number gains were identified on 1p in 20/25 cases (80) with minimal, high-level amplification regions on 1p35 and 1p36. Other regions of gains were frequently observed: 11q13.4 (68), 9q34.13 (64), 21q22.3 (60), 6p21 and 6q25 (56) and 10q24, 19q13.2, 22q12, 5q31.2, 7p13, 10q24 and 14q22 (48). DNA losses were observed in 20 of samples and mainly detected on 5q31.2 (35), 16p13.2 (30), 9q33.1 and 9q33.29 (25) and 17q11.2, 3p26.2, 18q21.1, 4q34.1 and 8p23.2 (20). Such copy number alterations (CNAs) were mapped in all grades of dysplasia that progressed, and their corresponding OSCCs, in 70 of patients, indicating that these CNAs may be associated with disease progression. Amplified genes mapping within recurrent CNAs (KHDRBS1, PARP1, RAB1A, HBEGF, PAIP2, BTBD7) were selected for validation, by quantitative real-time PCR, in an independent set of 32 progressive leukoplakia, 32 OSSCs and 21 non-progressive leukoplakia samples. Amplification of BTBD7, KHDRBS1, PARP1 and RAB1A was exclusively detected in progressive leukoplakia and corresponding OSCC. BTBD7, KHDRBS1, PARP1 and RAB1A may be associated with OSCC progression. Proteinprotein interaction networks were created to identify possible pathways associated with OSCC progression.

Correlation of clinical, cytological and histological findings in oral squamous cell carcinomas

The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of exfoliative cytology by correlating the clinical lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with exfoliative cytology and histopathological findings. Cases of OSCC diagnosed between 1984 and 2010 were analyzed. The inclusion criteria for the present study were the availability of detailed clinical findings and a diagnosis of the disease through exfoliative cytology and histopathology. The cases were assessed and assigned scores, which were then submitted to modal expression analysis, which considers the higher frequency scores, thus relating the variables. The cytological findings demonstrated that the majority of the cases had malignant potential. Exfoliative cytology should be used as a supplementary tool for the diagnosis of OSCC, as it enables the early detection of these lesions. However, cytology should not be used as a substitute for histopathological examination.

Acute Toxicity by Water Containing Hexavalent or Trivalent Chromium in Native Brazilian Fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus: Anatomopathological Alterations and Mortality

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) juice intake protects against alterations to proteins involved in inflammatory and lipolysis pathways in the adipose tissue of obese mice fed a cafeteria diet

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Morphological Alterations in the Synganglion and Integument of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks Exposed to Aqueous Extracts of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Morphological and biochemical alterations activated by antitumor clerodane diterpenes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)