Enseñanza de ciencias y ciudadanía en los primeros años de la educación básica brasileña

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo los profesores de educación básica en Brasil (estudiantes de seis a diez años), representan la relación entre educación científica y ciudadanía. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003), a partir de los nexos entre los niveles micro (textuales como: verbos, pronombres, metáforas) y macro-sociales (ideología). Así, identificamos diversos discursos sobre qué es ser maestro, su papel y el de otros actores sociales en la formación de la ciudadanía, y el cuestionamiento de una supuesta linealidad entre sus representaciones de ciudadanía y la acción en el aula

Enseñanza de ciencias y ciudadanía en los primeros años de la educación básica brasileña

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo los profesores de educación básica en Brasil (estudiantes de seis a diez años), representan la relación entre educación científica y ciudadanía. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003), a partir de los nexos entre los niveles micro (textuales como: verbos, pronombres, metáforas) y macro-sociales (ideología). Así, identificamos diversos discursos sobre qué es ser maestro, su papel y el de otros actores sociales en la formación de la ciudadanía, y el cuestionamiento de una supuesta linealidad entre sus representaciones de ciudadanía y la acción en el aula

Enseñanza de ciencias y ciudadanía en los primeros años de la educación básica brasileña

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo los profesores de educación básica en Brasil (estudiantes de seis a diez años), representan la relación entre educación científica y ciudadanía. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003), a partir de los nexos entre los niveles micro (textuales como: verbos, pronombres, metáforas) y macro-sociales (ideología). Así, identificamos diversos discursos sobre qué es ser maestro, su papel y el de otros actores sociales en la formación de la ciudadanía, y el cuestionamiento de una supuesta linealidad entre sus representaciones de ciudadanía y la acción en el aula

Hacia una ciudadanía global: enseñanza de aspectos culturales y de género en la universidad con las revistas de Oxfam Intermón

Las ONG de Desarrollo (ONGD) contribuyen a informar sobre lo las distintas realidades sociales del siglo XXI. Sin embargo, en ocasiones, la representación de las personas culturalmente diferentes está llena de prejuicios y de estereotipos, hecho que todavía queda más marcado cuando se trata de mujeres. Así, nuestro objetivo con esta comunicación es observar la representación de mujeres de otras culturas en una muestra de las revistas publicadas por la ONGD Oxfam Intermón desde mayo de 2013 hasta mayo de 2014. El corpus empleado para el análisis serán las portadas de las revistas. Se seleccionaron algunos de estos textos donde aparecían representadas mujeres para llevar a cabo una experiencia didáctica. Se explicó el modo de analizar textos con imagen y se pidió al alumnado que los analizara con el fin de desarrollar su capacidad crítica y su conciencia social. Los marcos teóricos de este estudio serán los principios del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (van Dijk 2005, 2009) y la Gramática Visual (Kress y van Leeuwen, 2006) para explorar las principales estrategias lingüísticas y visuales empleadas para presentar a mujeres. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto que la práctica docente llevada a cabo hace que el alumnado tome conciencia de que el modo en que las mujeres aparecen representadas en las revistas de Oxfam Intermón contribuye a modificar la imagen negativa que normalmente tenemos sobre éstas. La representación positiva que se observa contribuye a cambiar la percepción del alumnado. Como conclusiones podemos señalar la importancia del emplear textos sobre temas sociales para que el alumnado adquiera competencias emocionales y mejore su capacidad crítica. Además, estos textos señalan que las mujeres van avanzando hacia el empoderamiento en todos los lugares del planeta de modo que se cumplen progresivamente los objetivos del milenio.

Il linguaggio della violenza: Il peso che ha la lingua su cultura e genere

Questa tesi è un'analisi del linguaggio in relazione alle questioni di genere, con un focus finale sulla rappresentazione dei femminicidi da parte delle testate giornalistiche italiane, diviso in quattro parti. Il primo capitolo è sull'origine della misoginia in Occidente. Il secondo parla della Critical Discourse Analysis, un approccio all'analisi critica del discorso che fa capire quanto il linguaggio influenzi la società e possa essere usato per farlo. Il terzo capitolo parla dell'intreccio tra lingua e ideologia, la prima parte si focalizza sulla linguistica e la seconda sul sessismo della lingua italiana. La quarta parte è un'analisi del linguaggio di molti articoli di giornale dell'anno 2016 su due casi di femminicidio in Italia, in particolare sulle rappresentazioni (che risultano stereotipate) di vittime e carnefici.

Managerialism and Public Housing Reform

This paper discusses market inspired changes to the delivery of public housing in Queensland, Australia during the late 1990s. These policy changes were implemented in an organisational environment dominated by managerialism. The theory and method of critical discourse analysis is used to examine how managerial subject positions were assimilated and/or creatively resisted by different actors within the public housing policy community. These themes are discussed using interview data with a range of policy actors, including policy managers, front-line housing staff and public housing tenants. The analysis suggests that policy actors who openly challenged the emerging policy and organisational direction were marginalised in changing power relations.

Mapping the notion of "terrorism" in Serbian and Croation newspapers

The September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States have reconfigured the global public debates as of how to defend a "civilized" world from the "Islamic terrorism." The U.S.-led war on terror against extremist groups also produced and triggered a particular discourse in the former Yugoslav countries. The main aim of this article is to present an example of a study that explores how media appropriate dominant global antiterrorism discourse and apply it to a local context to legitimize and justify specific ideologies and discourse. As our critical discourse analysis shows, Serbian and Croatian newspapers apply the global discourse of terrorism to their local context to excuse their nationalisms and the past military actions against the Muslims in former Yugoslav wars, and with that, they assert their belonging to an antiterrorism global discursive community. © 2006 Sage Publications.

Religião cristã e ciência moderna: uma análise comparativa dos discursos nas obras Os fundamentos, organizada por A. R. Torrey, e Religião e ciência de Bertrand Russell

Religião e ciência submetidas à Análise do Discurso Crítica. O fundamentalismo protestante a partir da obra Os fundamentos e a ciência moderna sob a perspectiva da obra de Bertrand Russell Religião e ciência, ambas as obras submetidas a uma análise crítica de seus discursos a partir da concepção faircloughiana para assim delinear seus textos, discursos, intenções e práticas sociais. O advento da modernidade, ao influenciar os diversos segmentos da sociedade e alterar a maneira de o indivíduo se relacionar com Deus, com a natureza e com seu semelhante, consequentemente, também alterou algumas percepções religiosas existentes até a Idade Média. A modernidade se destaca ao propiciar à humanidade outras possibilidades para lidar com seus problemas cotidianos e questões existenciais. Recorrer às técnicas científicas para solucionar problemas da natureza, melhorar a produção agrícola, curar doenças, ou até mesmo prever catástrofes naturais abriu precedente para que o homo religiosus ampliasse seus horizontes rumo ao moderno e questionasse a importância da vida religiosa como apresentada até então. O sagrado e o profano entram em debate acirrado. Enquanto a era da razão conquista seu espaço por meio do racionalismo, o mundo religioso se esforça para se reinventar e enfrentar um novo mundo com suas ideologias atraentes. Religião e ciência se aferram a seus espaços para delinearem seus limites, mas sempre contemplando e considerando um magistério em comum: a ciência moderna.

Studying language:English in action

This book introduces key ideas and current critical debates about how English functions within its social and cultural contexts, and provides practical examples and guidance on how to approach further work in these areas. It introduces core topics of language study; language variation, pragmatics, stylistics, critical discourse analysis, language and gender and language and education. Each chapter includes case studies providing worked analysis of sample texts, suggestions for further project work and an annotated further reading section.

Third Ways and new centres - ideological unity or difference?

This chapter illustrates extratextual and intratextual aspects of ideology as related to translation with a case study, a policy document by Tony Blair and Gerhard Schröder, jointly published in English and German in June 1999. Textual features of the two language versions are compared and linked to the social contexts. Concepts and methods of critical discourse analysis and of descriptive and functionalist approaches to translation are applied for this purpose. In particular, reactions to the German text in Germany are explained with reference to the socio-political and ideological conditions of the text production, which was a case of parallel text production combined with translation. It is illustrated that decisions at the linguistic micro-level have had effects for a political party, reflected for example in the German Social Democratic Party debating its identity due to the textual treatment of ideological keywords. The subtle differences revealed in a comparative analysis of the two texts indicate the text producers' awareness of ideological phenomena in the respective cultures. Both texts thus serve as windows onto ideologies and political power relations in the contemporary world.

Language and peace

This study seeks to demonstrate how critical discourse analysis can elucidate the relationship between language and peace. It provides a view on the notion of peace put forward by peace researchers, namely that peace includes not only the absence of war or physical violence, but also the absence of structural violence. Approaching the topic from various perspectives, the volume argues that language is a factor to be considered together with social and economic factors in any examination of the social conditions and institutions that prevent the achievement of a comprehensive peace. It illustrates a framework of concepts and methodologies that offer to help guide future linguistic research in this area, and also calls for foreign language, second language and peace educators to include critical linguistic education into their curricula and describes an approach for doing so.

Analysing political speeches

This volume deals with political speeches, particularly commemorative addresses, from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. Critical consideration is given to the role of rhetoric within political discourse analysis.

Translation as an ideological interface : English translations of Hitler's Mein Kampf

The present thesis is located within the framework of descriptive translation studies and critical discourse analysis. Modern translation studies have increasingly taken into account the complexities of power relations and ideological management involved in the production of translations. Paradoxically, persuasive political discourse has not been much touched upon, except for studies following functional (e.g. Schäffner 2002) or systemic-linguistic approaches (e.g. Calzada Pérez 2001). By taking 11 English translations of Hitler’s Mein Kampf as prime examples, the thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the translation of politically sensitive texts. Actors involved in political discourse are usually more concerned with the emotional appeal of their message than they are with its factual content. When such political discourse becomes the locus of translation, it may equally be crafted rhetorically, being used as a tool to persuade. It is thus the purpose of the thesis to describe subtle ‘persuasion strategies’ in institutionally translated political discourse. The subject of the analysis is an illustrative corpus of four full-text translations, two abridgements, and five extract translations of Mein Kampf. Methodologically, the thesis pursues a top-down approach. It begins by delineating sociocultural and situative-agentive conditions as causal factors impinging on the individual translations. Such interactive and interpersonal factors determined textual choices. The overall textual analysis consists of an interrelated corpus-driven and corpus-based approach. It demonstrates how corpus software can be fruitfully harnessed to discern ‘ideological significations’ in the translated texts. Altogether, the thesis investigates how translational decision-makers attempted to position the source text author and his narrative in line with overall rhetorical purposes.

Translation and peace:Arabic, English and Hebrew versions of Israeli-Palestinian peace initiatives

The present thesis examines Palestinian-Israeli peace initiatives as politically negotiated texts and their different Arabic, English and Hebrew language versions. Its aim is to make a contribution to a deeper understanding of the role of translation and recontextualization of politically negotiated texts in situations of ongoing contemporary conflict. In modern Translation Studies, although research exists on the translation of political texts following functional (e.g. Schäffner 2002) or systemic-linguistic (e.g. Calzada-Pérez 2001) approaches or applying narrative theory (Baker 2006), peace initiatives and politically negotiated texts are still a largely under-researched genre of political texts. The thesis – which takes 31 Arabic, English and Hebrew language versions of 5 different Palestinian-Israeli peace initiatives as its corpus – operates within the framework of product-oriented Descriptive Translation Studies (Lambert and Van Gorp 1985) and Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1992). For all of the peace initiatives analysed, there exist several language versions which were made available in different contexts by different institutions and for different readerships and purposes. The thesis pursues a top-down approach. It begins with presenting the socio-cultural and political contexts of the production of the original versions of the respective peace initiatives (the source texts) and their different language versions (target texts), focusing on their underlying functions and principles of audience design. It then moves to examine how the textual profiles of the language versions of peace initiatives reflect aspects of ideology, political affiliation and power relations at both the macro- and micro-structural levels. The final step is to account for these aspects in terms of socio-political and institutional conditions of the production of the translations. The overall textual analysis demonstrates that when translated, peace initiatives can be interpreted differently by different institutions in their attempt to promote their respective political interests and narratives. Also, it is very frequently that translations produced in one specific institutional context are recontextualised for use in another one. Such recontextualisation goes hand in hand with further textual amendments. To summarize, the thesis demonstrates how these translations – as products – are (re)framed and (re)contextualized in different institutional settings in order to serve different purposes. These texts, thus, play different roles in situations of ongoing contemporary conflict depending on the institutional context in which they are presented and the purposes they set to serve. These main findings make an original contribution to the discipline of Translation Studies in respect of emphasizing the need to study translations in their socio-political, historical and institutional contexts.

Exploration of metaphors used by Indonesian legislators and political elites in the Indonesian sociopolitical domain

This thesis examines the ways Indonesian politicians exploit the rhetorical power of metaphors in the Indonesian political discourse. The research applies the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Metaphorical Frame Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis to textual and oral data. The corpus comprises: 150 political news articles from two newspapers (Harian Kompas and Harian Waspada, 2010-2011 edition), 30 recordings of two television news and talk-show programmes (TV-One and Metro-TV), and 20 interviews with four legislators, two educated persons and two laymen. For this study, a corpus of written bahasa Indonesia was also compiled, which comprises 150 texts of approximately 439,472 tokens. The data analysis shows the potential power of metaphors in relation to how politicians communicate the results of their thinking, reasoning and meaning-making through language and discourse and its social consequences. The data analysis firstly revealed 1155 metaphors. These metaphors were then classified into the categories of conventional metaphor, cognitive function of metaphor, metaphorical mapping and metaphor variation. The degree of conventionality of metaphors is established based on the sum of expressions in each group of metaphors. Secondly, the analysis revealed that metaphor variation is influenced by the broader Indonesian cultural context and the natural and physical environment, such as the social dimension, the regional, style and the individual. The mapping system of metaphor is unidirectionality. Thirdly, the data show that metaphoric thought pervades political discourse in relation to its uses as: (1) a felicitous tool for the rhetoric of political leaders, (2) part of meaning-making that keeps the discourse contexts alive and active, and (3) the degree to which metaphor and discourse shape the conceptual structures of politicians‟ rhetoric. Fourthly, the analysis of data revealed that the Indonesian political discourse attempts to create both distance and solidarity towards general and specific social categories accomplished via metaphorical and frame references to the conceptualisations of us/them. The result of the analysis shows that metaphor and frame are excellent indicators of the us/them categories which work dialectically in the discourse. The acts of categorisation via metaphors and frames at both textual and conceptual level activate asymmetrical concepts and contribute to social and political hierarchical constructs, i.e. WEAKNESS vs.POWER, STUDENT vs. TEACHER, GHOST vs. CHOSEN WARRIOR, and so on. This analysis underscores the dynamic nature of categories by documenting metaphorical transfers between, i.e. ENEMY, DISEASE, BUSINESS, MYSTERIOUS OBJECT and CORRUPTION, LAW, POLITICS and CASE. The metaphorical transfers showed that politicians try to dictate how they categorise each other in order to mobilise audiences to act on behalf of their ideologies and to create distance and solidarity.