Testing limited environmental liability against human rights requirements. IES WORKING PAPER 3/2009

Questions regarding oil spills remain high on the political agenda. Legal scholars, legislators as well as the international, European and national Courts struggle to determine key issues, such as who is to be held liable for oil spills, under which conditions and for which damage. The international regime on oil spills was meant to establish an “equilibrium” between the needs of the victims (being compensated for their harm) and the needs of the economic actors (being able to continue their activities). There is, however, a constantly increasing array of legal scholars’ work that criticizes the regime. Indeed, the victims of a recent oil spill, the Erika, have tried to escape the international regime on oil spills and to rely instead on the provisions of national criminal law or EC waste legislation. In parallel, the EC legislator has questioned the sufficiency of the international regime, as it has started preparing legislative acts of its own. One can in fact wonder whether challenging the international liability regime with the European Convention on Human Rights could prove to be a way forward, both for the EC regulators as well as the victims of oil spills. This paper claims that the right to property, as enshrined in Article P1-1 of the Human Rights Convention, could be used to challenge the limited environmental liability provisions of the international frameworks.

Encadrement juridique des monnaies numériques : bitcoin et autres cryptomonnaies

Les informations relatives aux cryptomonnaies sont susceptibles de changer à l'avenir tant cette matière est nouvelle et encore peu ancrée dans le droit. Ce mémoire est une réflexion sur l'essor du Bitcoin et des cryptomonnaies à leurs débuts, alors même que le droit cherche à s'accaparer ces nouvelles technologies, à les intégrer dans son système préexistant.

Cuestiones juridicas de derecho penal en los fueros comun y militar,

Mode of access: Internet.

Decreto de 14 de mayo de 1913,

At head of title: Documentos importantes.

Código penal para el Distrito Federal y Territorio de la Baja-California sobre delitos del fuero común y para toda la República Mexicana sobre delitos contra la Federación.

Mode of access: Internet.

Die Litteratur des Staatsrechts und des Verwaltungsrechts 1884 bis 1894 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Social defence : (Prevention of crime and treatment of offenders, suppression of traffic in persons and of exploitation of the prostitution of others).

v. 2. 1952.IV.16 and 1953.IV.16 -- v. 3. 1954.IV.6 and 1954.IV.18.

Original and miscellaneous essays /

Attributed to Robert Ruffin Collier. Cf. Shoemaker. Wrongly attributed to Francis Walker Gilmer by Halkett & Laing.

Cases argued and adjudged in the Court of Appeals of the State of Texas.

Imprint varies.

Nordamerikas sittliche zustände.

Mode of access: Internet.

Penal code of the United States; report ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Elementos del Derecho Penal de España : formados con arreglo al programa del tercer año de jurisprudencia /

PALAU, 132416

San liu dao li biao.

Mode of access: Internet.

Xing an xin bian /

On double leaves, oriental style, in 3 cases.

Vekkariou Peri adikēmatōn kai poinōn,

Romanized record.