1000 resultados para Creche Universitária. Produção do conhecimento. Brincar. Cultura infantil
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This study had a multidisciplinary focus, investigating the areas of health and education, and proposes to discuss the formation of health professionals, requiring their understanding of the factors involved in the production of knowledge, given that this formation has an impact on the quality of human and social life. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship existing between the process of physical therapist formation and the practical activities developed during the undergraduate course in the Northeast of Brazil. This is an exploratory descriptive study with qualitative significance. The sample consisted of 73 subjects (33 professors and 40 students) from 6 physical therapy courses at different institutions in the Northeast of Brazil. Data collection was conducted through focus group interviews. In addition, we used a school assessment instrument from the health area. The data, analyzed using dialectical hermeneutics, showed that the Northeast of Brazil has the second largest number of physical therapy courses in the country, with 93 (11 public and 82 private) out of a total of 510. These numbers represent a growth of 1062.5% since 1991. The pedagogical projects are guided by National Curricular Directives as well as by the country s health system. The prevalent pedagogy is that of transmission, and the contents/disciplines are generally not integrated with practice, a situation that hinders the integrality and interdisciplinarity of health care. It can be concluded that there is a need for implementing integrated curricula and for better qualified professors to effectively put this process into practice
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This essay presents and discusses knowledge obtained through tradition taken as knowledge built along generations, transmitted from mouth to mouth and everyday experiences result of a non-scientific knowledge based on observation and hints given by more experient generations. The referred icon used to develop such a discussion in this essay is fishing. We point out the knoledge which enables the fishermen, among other dominions, to: find out the fish and other animals feeding habits; find their way through by astral influence during night navigation and learn the tide flowing based on the moon cycle. On what comes to fishing knowledge, the research was organized based on a bibliographic study about several ways of fishing in the Northern, Northeastern, Southern and Southestern regions of Brazil. In the Northern and Northeastern regions, the field research was also focused. Having interviews, photographs and films as reference, this part of the research was divided into two parts: the first one situated in the Amazonian Region in na area called Baixo-Tocantins, in the State of Pará where we worked with fishermen in the small towns of Abaetetuba and Igarapé-Miri; and the second one was held in the Northeastern region of Brazil, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, where we worked with fishermen on the Piató Lake, in the small city of Assú. We tarted discussing based on a descriptive study of the fishing techniques used, aiming to identify them as an ordered activity, differed and classified by knoledge obtained through the years, based on the relationship between man and Nature. Creativity, stimulated by human curiosity, is also discussed and shown as a result of various fishing journeys. The myths, as a component of the fishing world, especially those which describe the relationship between men and waters, also have an outstanding place. At last, two fishing techniques belonging to the research field reference, are also described and analysed under the focus of construction and systematization of the knowledge related to fishing. The theory approach is based on reflection upon the tradition knowledge discussed by Almeida (2001), Balandier (1997), Câmara Cascudo (1957, 2000, 2002) and Claude Lévi-Strauss (1976, 1987 and 1991). The essay is an exercise of knowledge production which defends the "relink" of knowledge, as Edgar Morin suggests when dealing with the sciences of complexity
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Cette étude propose d'articuler une discussion entre les définitions de corps, esthétique et éducation, tout en les plaçant dans le scénario des danses traditionnelles, surtout, le Bumba-meu-boi de l'État du Maranhão. On part de la proposition selon laquelle le Bumba-meu-boi ainsi que d'autres réjouissances traditionnelles, réunissent des éléments constitutifs qui se traduisent en langage esthétique et celui-ci exprime, par le biais des corps qui le cultivent, se constitue aussi, tout comme expression éducative des formes d'être et de vivre en société, dans l'espace et dans le temps, créant et récréant des structures, de modes d'être et de faire des sujets sociaux. À travers le chant, la danse, les actions organisatrices et d'autres aspects, on établit différentes stratégies de lecture du monde; tout en se mouvementant, se réorganisant, se renseignant à sur l'ambiance et de soi même. La recherche a, comme configuration méthodologique l'approche qualitative phénoménologique, dont la trajectoire du phénomène situé a été développée à partir des descriptions de l'expérience vécue par l'auteur dans le monde-vie du Bumba-meu-boi da Liberdade siégé à São Luis do Maranhão. C'est, donc, avec la compréhension de l'esthétique phénoménologique que nous nous sommes identifiés pour l'élaboration de cette étude. Cette conception est en rapport avec le domaine de l'appréhension sensible vinculée à la relation de sens de l'homme avec le monde, avec soi-même et avec les autres. La thèse présente la production de connaissance en tant que cathégorie esthétique et le phénomène éducatif configuré dans la condition corporelle de l'être humain. Nous comprenons que, dans l'expérience vécue et construite dans le scénario du Bumba-meu-boi, il y a une éducation qui se configure dans la plasticité du corps, dans sa capacité de donner des sens et de construire de significations
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O experimento foi instalado em área de plantio comercial de soja Roundup Ready®, na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, no município de Euclides da Cunha Paulista-SP, localizada a 20º 43' 11'' S e 50º 10' 20'' W, com uma altitude de 270 m. A fase experimental foi conduzida de dezembro de 2006 a abril de 2007, sob sistema plantio direto, com uma temperatura média de 25 ºC e índice pluviométrico de 800 mm. O solo da área experimental apresenta classe textural franco-argilo arenosa. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficácia e seletividade de glyphosate na formulação Roundup Transorb®, associado aos herbicidas diclosulam, cloransulam-methyl, flumioxazina e S-metolachlor em duas modalidades de aplicação: única, com associação do glyphosate aos herbicidas; e uma sequencial apenas com glyphosate aos 15 DAA, no manejo das plantas daninhas trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis) e corda-de-viola (Ipomoea triloba) durante o cultivo da soja. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 12 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em arranjo fatorial acrescido de duas testemunhas: sem capina manual e com capina manual. O arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 contemplou duas condições de aplicação dos herbicidas (única e sequencial) e cinco herbicidas (glyphosate, glyphosate + diclosulam, glyphosate + cloransulam-methyl, glyphosate + flumioxazin e glyphosate + S-metolachlor). Nas condições de produtos, épocas de aplicação e doses, os resultados mostraram que o herbicida glyphosate aplicado em dose única ou sequencial e suas combinações com diclosulam e cloransulam-methyl na primeira aplicação não promovem fitointoxicação nas plantas de soja. A combinação com flumioxazin e S-metolachlor promoveu atraso no crescimento das plantas e no fechamento da cultura, em razão do efeito na altura dos indivíduos e comprimento dos ramos. No tratamento com o S-metolachlor, isso pode ser explicado pelo fato de o herbicida ser registrado para controle em pré-emergência e ter sido aplicado em pós-emergência. Nenhum dos tratamentos influenciou significativamente a produção de grãos da cultura da soja. A aplicação única ou a complementação com aplicação sequencial de glyphosate promoveram excelente controle de Commelina benghalensis e Ipomoea triloba.
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This work contains the problematic of sub-education among the population that was excluded from school attendance in the regular time, contributing to knowledge production about educational practices developed in EJA (the Young and Adult Education). It focuses on the Pedagogical proposal and on the experience in young and adult literacy in the context of the mobilization of people affected by dam building. It depicts the international, national and regional mobilization against huge dams building and the emergence of the Movement of Dam Affected People (MAB), highlighting their general project and registering their teaching performance, particularly in young and adult literacy. In methodological and theoretical approaches, two interconnected categories are considered: the historical entirety, essentially theoretical, and the young and adult education practice. Based on the entirety, it outlines a contextualized explanation about the stakeholder s situation and, respecting the second category, which is part of the first one, places literacy as one of the basic aspects of an omnilateral man upbringing. The study broaches a wide context of dams in the world, placing the socio-environmental effects resulting from dams building in Brazil, in Northeast region and in Paraíba, and emphasizing the consequences of Acauã Dam building in the Paraíba cities of Aroeiras, Itatuba and Natuba. It presents the particular context of the population affected by Acauã, summarizing a panoramic view about the involved Paraíba cities and learning the conditions of residents relocation. It appraises the educational project and the National-MAB literacy proposal, operationalized by Paraíba-MAB in resettlements sited on Acauã s surroundings. It ensures that, besides public policies including financing, the feasibility of literacy problem solution can be completed with Pedagogical actions attached to the target people peculiarities and immediate necessities, respecting actions connected through one comprehensive and contextualized educational project. It evaluates the young and adult literacy project developed in the restricted Paraíba-MAB area, as an example of a Pedagogical action minimally contextualized. Eventually, it recommends researchers and teachers in general, that are committed to this work perspective, to pay attention to the way they articulate discussions and participation, so as to contemplate these communities expectations and necessities in Pedagogical projects and spaces based on discussion, dialogue and collective reflection
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This work aims to analyze the concept of "paradox" posed in the work of The Budget Paradox (1872) of mathematical and logical English Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871). Here it is important to note that a large part of this book consists of re-prints of a series of writings by the author in journal Athenaeum, where its performance as auditor of literature. The tests refer to some scientific work produced between the years 1489 and 1866 and the rules of selection for the composition of the work is, basically, the methodological aspects used in the completion or disclosed by such scholars. The concept of paradox is presented in two distinct moments. At first, we found a study of definitions for the term in a philosophical approach, characterizing it as something that requires further investigation; which was complemented with the classic examples of a scientific context. In the second, we present a concept advocated by De Morgan and, under this perspective, that he conceptualized the "paradox" is directly related to the non-usual methods employed in the formulation of new scientific theories. In this study some of these scientific concepts are detailed, where, through the redemption history, engaging in issues of our study Mathematics, Physics, of Logic, among others. Possession of the preliminary analysis and comparison with the design of De Morgan, it became possible to diagnose some limitations in the conceptualization suggested by the author. Further, evidenced, in front of the cases, the nonlinearity of the process of production of knowledge and hence the progress of science
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This thesis aims to investigate the Agronomy course in the perspective of the graduation course for the settlers of the Universidade Federal do Pará- Marabá. This course requires a partnership with the social movements of the North region of the country, with the purpose to understand knowledge production and how learning process occurs from the point of interaction and reliable relationships which are established in the organization during the course. The base of theses studies is to reflect of how the dialogue and learning processes occurred during the Agronomy course and resulted in changing in the teachers behavior and in the other integrated members of the group and mainly in the graduating settlers students. These changings happens as a consenquence of the dialogue production between the most varied areas, different people and institutions which take collective decisions. I observe educational actions, researches, extention concepts of extension and also development researches presented in the educative actions discussed by Freire (1985), Simões (2001, 2003) e de Amartya Sen (2000). The theory in which I am basing these studies are based in Boaventura de Souza Santos Simões (2001, 2003) and Amartya Sen (2000). Methodologically I analyse knowledge production by sudying the thesis and scientific works related to rural education, social movements, university and higher education in the last 20 years. I analyze the scientific works of all settler students, and besides, I do open interviews with the students, as well as, with the teachers and the leaders of social movements (MST, FETAGRI, CPT, EFA/FATA). I organize and analyze all the speeches from the ecological knowledge as defined by Boaventura de Souza Santos (2006). Finally, I visit five towns of municipal districts of the southeast of Pará, which represents the final methodological part of the research, in order to verify in loco the practices of the experiments purposed as final activity of the Agronomy course. I organize the work in five areas composed by the occupational process and the initiatives which emerged from them; development model and the social and environmental consequences; I also organize the university role and the relationship established between people and institutions which gave origin to the Agronomy course of UFPA and the programs developed in the region; conjuncture of creation of the groups of settled students, curriculum, principles and focus on the course and the experienced actions; developed practices in the course and the relations of reliability experienced internally and externally to the Academy, the learning and dialogue promoted by the course. I believe that the dialogue has caused changes in the organization of the knowledge and in the educative practices of the teachers, as well as, in the socio-productive practices of the regressed settled students
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Se discute en este estudio la relación entre o desarrollo de la atención y el aprendizaje de la lengua escrita realizada con los alumnos del 5º grado de la Enseñanza Primaria, compuesta de 25 alumnos, con la edad entre 9 e 13 años, de la Escola Municipal Professor Arnaldo Monteiro Natal/RN. Para el desarrollo de este proceso investigativo, utilizamos como aporte teórico el materialismo histórico-dialéctico, pues ese método posibilita el análisis de los fenómenos y, a través de esa lógica, se revelan los elementos que dieron sustentación a la mediación pedagógica y comprensión de los fenómenos con mayor eficacia. También fueron usados los estudios de Vigotski (1991), Rubinstein (1973), Ferreira (2003), Ibiapina (2007), y otros que convergen con ese posicionamiento. Se adoptó la pesquisa colaborativa que supone la construcción de un objeto del conocimiento entre investigador y profesor y también asocia al mismo tiempo actividades de producción del conocimiento y de desenvolvimiento profesional, proponiéndose una mediación entre comunidad de investigadores y comunidad de profesores. Utilizamos como elementos metodológicos el diagnóstico de la atención, el diagnóstico de la producción escrita del texto narrativo, siguiendo las etapas elaboradas por Infante (1998), los diarios reflexivos, el planeamiento y las sesiones reflexivas (con alumnos y con los pares). Para análisis del desarrollo de la atención, utilizamos las categorías definidas por Luria (1991): volumen de la atención, estabilidad de la atención, oscilación de la atención. El análisis de la producción textual tuve como parámetros las categorías de cohesión y coherencia (COSTA VAL, 1999). Para esto, se reflexionó con ellos sobre la importancia del desenvolvimiento de la atención para aprendizajes más efectivas. Propusimos situaciones de aprendizajes que posibiliten el desarrollo de la atención de esos alumnos y el dominio de la producción textual; y se analizaron las interrelaciones entre desenvolvimiento de la atención y la producción de textos narrativos. Los resultados presentados en los textos permiten afirmar que es notoria la relación entre la atención y el aprendizaje de la escritura. Vale resaltar que la reflexión no puede tener un fin en si mismo o entonces ser usada apenas para justificar una acción, mas debe tener como objetivo mejorar la enseñaza y tornar los profesores más conscientes y, por lo tanto, más capacitados para ejercer su profesión
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This study focuses on the central Brazilian historiography of science, focusing specifically on the life and work of a contemporaneous mathematician-physicist, and becomes part of the set of research results that investigate, organize and describe personal, intellectual and professional itineraries of Brazilian scientists and educators. The theme chosen for the study ran from seminars on Mathematics in Pará and is up to organize and describe the life history, education, professional experience and scientific production of William Mauricio Souza Marcos de La Penha (Guilherme de La Penha), considering their academic, professional and intellectual life history, so that their academic and intellectual production be spread over the Brazilian scientific and academic community. We adopted the historical research as theoretical and methodological base for the development of this study, rising arguments about the profile of Guilherme de La Penha to characterize him as a multiskill intellectual and to reveal that his thoughts about science, technology, training scientists and educators were in accordance with their writings and their professional practice in order to build a first story about the life and work of William de La Penha. In this sense, we took the theoretical aspects related to historical research, biographies, intellectual itineraries, files and inventories as sources and historical construction vehicles in order to point out the essential elements to form a profile of the transdisciplinary intellectual historians, ie a profile scientist who carries out the research, management and administration, as well as a committed educator to the on-going training and forming process. The results pointed in different directions, among which we highlight the creation of Seção Guilherme de La Penha at Universidade da Amazonia, producing several articles about the life and work of William de La Penha presented at national and international conferences and the proposal for documentary displays which could contribute to understanding the implementation of a scientific area in Pará State, an area that would not only be restricted to the production of knowledge, but more than that, it would include the spreading, which provides various means, primarily through education. Thus it was possible to ensure that La Penha has an intellectual profile that can be considered a multi-and transdisciplinary intellectual who defends the possibility of forming a scientist one and multiple, non-linear attitudes and dialogues with all other areas in order to be understood under a model scientist for the twenty-first century based on the model clearly inspired by the scientist authors with which he identified throughout their training and professional activities, like the three that stood out in their relationship science: Archimedes, Leonhard Euler and Cliford Ambrose Truesdell
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This Researchis about history education and is directed toward the understanding of teacher practices in schools of the basic education in Ceará-Mirim, a city located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Its purpose is to understand the approaching forms of local history in 5ª to 8ª grade classrooms in the light of the recent innovations in the fields of the historiografy and education. The study was done with a view of investigating local history is being taught by teachers, as well as reflecting on the necessary conditions to the accomplishment of a teaching whose know how to make possible to break, on the one hand, with the limits of the narrow `local view`, and, on the other hand, with the globalized view, negating the local particularitities and especifications. Such questions had emerged as the understanding of what local history contents can constitute in a significant component in the production of school historical knowledge in 5ª to 8ª grade classrooms. History education is analyzed, considering the depositions of three teachers of Ceará-Mirim in reagard to its historiography conceptions and history as a school subject. This inquiry is of a qualitative nature and had as a main strategy of data construction from the interviews with the teachers. The analysis indicates the permanence of teacher practices who, even though presenting innovations, bring an implicit value hierarchy where the place or thematic places are not contemplated in the school contents or appear overwhelmed by general history and the Brazilian history, configuring itself as a hierarchical relation to problematic historical ones. Thus the necessity of having historical school knowledge, that considers the local especifications, without, however, ignoring the articulations with other spatial dimensions
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This thesis objective systemize and discuss the ecological knowledge constructed by means of tradition knowledge with basis in a complex ecology (MORIN, 2002b). The conception of tradition knowledge (ALMEIDA, 2001c) corresponds to a diversity of knowledgement, of men and women, constructed from heteroclite elements of the geographic way, making use of analogies and homologies which serves as the base for this scientific inquiry. These knowledge are extremely related the context where these people are inserted. To construct an ecology of complex base is to understand that the reality is not given previously, and that its construction assumes indissociability among the elements that composes it, that is, between nature and society, material and immaterial elements. To incorporate the disorder, the uncertainty, the unpredictable and the auto-echo-organization as guide principles of a new ecology, constitutes in a new vision of the biological science and the scientific ecology in direction to a science of complexity. The work focuses the ecological knowledge of the Piató lagoon, municipality of Açu, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, having as interlocutor of this boarding Mr. Francisco Lucas da Silva (known in the local as Chico Lucas), fisherman and agriculturist, who was born, and lives until today, in the community of Areia Branca, around the lagoon. Having for base the method as strategy (MORIN, 2001a), the research construction was performed through the realization of more than 10 trips carried out between the years of 2005 and 2007. In these trips the ecological aspects of the environments such as, the flora and the fauna, as well as the environmental impacts on the lagoon, were obtained in recorded dialogues and interviews with Chico Lucas, which were later transcripts. The information from there showed a natural and social complex reality, little known by Cartesian science, since it brings a wealth of details of daily life full, over all, for tradition knowing of the people that had lived there and the ones who remain living there. The thesis looks to understand the strategies of thought and the knowledge production referring to traditional knowing and its ability of interchange between different cognitive operators. The ecological knowledge that emerges of these knows reveals a systemic perception of the environment, presenting the beings and phenomena in its peculiarities and its degrees of complexity, but immutable in its indissociability
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This study is inserted at the Line of Strategical Research of Thinking and Knowledge production which scientific projects about the relation of thinking and knowledge production are realized. The accomplishment of this dissertation involved an empiric research at a school of the municipal district of Natal RN. Our purpose was to investigate the practice of the staff working with students who present Disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity (DADH) at regular classes due to the organization of thinking in pedagogical strategies. The object of this study is presented at the center of the questions which involves the conscious analysis of the problems and needs that emerge at the school. Considering the specialty of the theme, we choose a methodology whose focus is the dialogue and the sharing of meanings with the partners of this research through the observation of the activities developed at class/school and interviews/conversations with six teachers of first and second cycles of primary education. According with the study, some theoretician presumptions of Mr. Freire (2001), Mr. Nóvoa (1995), Mr. Bohm (2005) and son on. The results reveled at the research indicate the fragility of a continuous formation directed to the development of critical-reflexive thinking of the teachers.The teachers revel conceptions due to formation, pedagogical practices and the relation with the parents and coordinators, through their performances and speeches, allowing us to identify some pedagogical strategies used. We identified some negative response about the process of learning-developing of these pedagogical strategies such as the one we call unconcern . The strategy of sitting the student at the front row chairs can have positive and negative responses depending on the way the teacher act and follow the student. Other strategies identified as positive response bringers at the learning-developing process and that should be reinforced by the staff are the playful and the group assignments . At this perspective, the school needs to develop a collective project between the pedagogical team and teachers to overcome the needs of all students, and as a consequence, of the staff and improve the positive strategies, minimizing the negative ones and allowing the organizations of new strategies that promotes the improvement of learning-teaching process of the students with DADH
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Posture is one of the most worrying problems dentists face. That is because of the high incidence of low back pathologies regarding the professional activity, despite the development on the field of Dental Ergonomics. This work took place at the dental schoolclinic at a Federal University, and it was grounded on the Ergonomic Principles in the workplace. Its main objective was to analyze the determinants of inadequate posture adopted by students inasmuch as the adoption of non ergonomic methods at the school-clinic may influence them to develop inadequate postures in their working environment. The analysis of the activity showed us that it requires some complex procedures in the patient s mouth. Thus, when the students carry out the activity, they start to adopt, although unconsciously, inadequate postures which will make easier the visual accuracy and the access to the operation focus. In case there is no internal (body awareness) or external warning mechanisms (the professor s or the partner s counseling) regarding posture or possible risks which lead them to self-correction, the students become vulnerable to osteomuscle disorders. The time pressure, because the students are expected to perform their task in a predetermined clinical time. The facts related to each patient s variability as well as the stress caused by the expectations to get their work done in time make the students to advance it believing they will waste time if they help their partners or using an indirect view. We could also notice that there was no assistant to perform the job of minor ones, as well as there was no professor who could actually connect the knowledge on Ergonomics to its working practice. The conclusions of this work stand out the need of widen the discussion at the academic environment regarding health professionals in places such as universities. The ergonomic principles in the workplace aim a multidisciplinary analysis based on the experience of students, professors, staff members and janitors that can contribute to some reflection upon the issue and consequently actions which will bring positive changes at the working environment
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This study discusses the evaluation of the English language‟s learning developed in a public high school from Lajes-RN in 2011 starting from a qualitative evaluation proposal (SAUL 1988; CANAN, 1996; DEMO, 2008) aiming the production of knowledge about the evaluation process developed in the classes of English language involving the contributions from students. To diagnose and characterize the evaluation process of English language of the researched school, identifying the representations that students attributed to the evaluation, we have implemented the evaluation instruments suggested by students to perform the evaluation of language learning and allowed a reflection about the student‟s participation in the construction of the evaluation process of the English language, subject discussed by Sant‟anna (2002) and other theorists (CANAN, 1996; BRAZIL, 2002; PEREIRA, 2009). To conduct the research work, we use the qualitative approach with ethnographic basis, substantiate in authors like Bogdan, Biklen (1994), Mazzotti; Gewandsznajder (1998), Strauss, Corbin (2008) among others. The methodology was the action research (ANDRÉ, 1995; NUNAN, 2007; LANKSHEAR; KNOBEL, 2008) described as research of empirical basis which associates an action with a resolution of a collective problem, because in it, its researchers and employees are engaged in a cooperatively way (THIOLLENT, 1985). When we treat about the evaluation of English language‟s learning (ALMEIDA FILHO, 1993; SCARAMUCCI, 2009) practiced before and after the contributions made by the students of the second year of the refereed school, the study considers that high school students have a more critical and reflective conscience with regard to their evaluations, not just opining on the assessment of learning English but also about the assessment of other subjects from their scholar curriculum and so this research presents possibilities for performing the act of evaluation which consider the participation of students in decisions regarding this process, because we cogitate that when the teachers share the decisions with their students, teachers can add quality to the evaluation process