Description and performance of track and primary-vertex reconstruction with the CMS tracker

A description is provided of the software algorithms developed for the CMS tracker both for reconstructing charged-particle trajectories in proton-proton interactions and for using the resulting tracks to estimate the positions of the LHC luminous region and individual primary-interaction vertices. Despite the very hostile environment at the LHC, the performance obtained with these algorithms is found to be excellent. For t (t) over bar events under typical 2011 pileup conditions, the average track-reconstruction efficiency for promptly-produced charged particles with transverse momenta of p(T) > 0.9GeV is 94% for pseudorapidities of vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.9 and 85% for 0.9 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.5. The inefficiency is caused mainly by hadrons that undergo nuclear interactions in the tracker material. For isolated muons, the corresponding efficiencies are essentially 100%. For isolated muons of p(T) = 100GeV emitted at vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.4, the resolutions are approximately 2.8% in p(T), and respectively, 10 m m and 30 mu m in the transverse and longitudinal impact parameters. The position resolution achieved for reconstructed primary vertices that correspond to interesting pp collisions is 10-12 mu m in each of the three spatial dimensions. The tracking and vertexing software is fast and flexible, and easily adaptable to other functions, such as fast tracking for the trigger, or dedicated tracking for electrons that takes into account bremsstrahlung.

Ultrastructure of the digestive tract in neotropical carnivorous catfish Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae)

The surface of the digestive tract of Hemisorubim platyrhynchos was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Morphometric studies by transmission electron microscopy were performed to analysis the intestinal microvilli. H. platyrhynchos is a Neotropical carnivorous freshwater catfish featuring a short digestive tract composed of a short esophagus, saccular stomach, and intestine with four regions: anterior, middle, posterior, and rectal. The esophageal surface is constituted by fingerprint-like microridges that anchor the mucosubstances secreted by goblet cells facilitating the passage of food. Goblet cells present the opening to the esophageal lumen, between the microridges. Club cells are in basal epithelium and they do not present the opening to the lumen. The gastric luminal surface shows polygon-shaped epithelial cells which secrete granules by exocytose to protect the gastric surface. The intestinal luminal surface reveals folds that are thicker in the anterior intestine than in the posterior intestine, increasing the absorptive surface area. The intestinal surface presents the microvilli of enterocytes and the opening of goblet cells. The morphometric analysis showed that the microvilli are longer in the anterior intestine, significantly decreasing towards the posterior intestine. The microvilli surface area significantly is greater in the anterior and middle intestine than in the posterior intestine. Numerous openings of goblet cells were observed in the posterior intestine acting in epithelial protection and lubrication. SCANNING 9999:1-8, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

O Brasil entre a história narrativa e a história analítica (1840-1870): civilização, progresso e desenvolvimento

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Osteologia craniana comparada de Caracara cheriway (Jacquin, 1784) e Caracara plancus (Miller, 1777) (AVES: FALCONIDAE)

The Caracara genus (Aves: Falconidae) is composed by species C. cheriway, ("Crested Caracara"), and C. plancus (Southern Caracara). This study aimed to describe in detail and compared the cranial osteology of C. cheriway and C. plancus, identifying osteological cranial characters for a future systematic work. The two common characters of Caracara species are: the projection of rostro parasphenoid reaches 50% of the distance from the occipital condyle to the pterygoid; the upper maxilla has about 4/9 of the total length of theskull, the symphysial portion of mandible occupies about 1/7 of its total length, the proximal portion of lacrimal bone ends in a rounded shape and has about 1/4 of the width of the distal portion. The unique characters of C. cheriway are: the interorbital width is about 1/2 of the parietal region, shows a frontal bone prominence; presence of lacrimal process of frontal bone; the proximal portion of the lacrimal bone reaches 1/5 of the distance from the orbital arc to the jugal bone; the distance between the distal portions of two lacrimal bones reach 5/6 of the parietal width, the ratio between the interorbital diameter and parietal region ranges from 2 times; the zygomatic process occupies about 40% of the distance between its origin in the skull and jugal bone. The unique characters of C. plancus are: the interorbital width is approximately 4/7 of the parietal width; show a rostral medial concavity; the proximal portion of the lacrimal bone is about 1/4 of the width of the distal; the proximal portion of the lacrimal bone reaches 1/7 of the distance from the orbital arc to the jugal bone; the distance between the distal portions of two lacrimal bones reaches 6/7 of the width parietal one; the ratio between the interorbital diameter and parietal region varies 1, 75 times, the zygomatic process occupies about 35% of the distance between its origin in the skull and jugal bone.

Caracterização e análise das comunidades e infracomunidades de parasitos metazoários de Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) capturados no reservatório de Promissão, rio Tietê, estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Aniceto dos Reis Gonçalves Viana (1840 - 1914): o linguista em seu tempo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Letrados da Amazônia Imperial e saberes das populações analfabetas durante a Revolução Cabana (1835-1840)

Neste artigo discute-se como alguns letrados e políticos da Amazônia compreenderam a cultura iletrada na Cabanagem, movimento ocorrido nessa região entre 1835 e 1840. Analisam-se relatórios de presidentes da província do Grão-Pará, estudos da época e centralmente a obra Motins políticos, do historiador e político imperial Domingos Antônio Raiol, o Barão de Guajará. Escrita entre as décadas de 1860 e 1890, a obra descreve as motivações para a guerra cabana pela ótica da ordem imperial, sobretudo após a ascensão do imperador D. Pedro II. Admite-se como hipótese que as mudanças educacionais e sociais, nascidas após os anos de 1870, embora tenham fomentado a criação de novas instituições escolares e ampliado o grau e a abrangência da instrução formal, elas também trouxeram temores na sua condução por se tratar de um local tão revolucionário quanto o Pará. Conclui-se que discutir os saberes cabanos - ainda que pela leitura arrevesada de Raiol - é criticar um tipo de educação formal, compreendendo o quanto ela pode desqualificar conhecimentos e saberes informais de mundo.

Aniceto dos Reis Gonçalves Viana (1840 - 1914): o linguista em seu tempo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

TAXONOMY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN DWARF BOAS OF THE GENUS TROPIDOPHIS BIBRON, 1840, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST (SERPENTES: TROPIDOPHIIDAE)

A taxonomic study on the South American dwarf boas of the genus Tropidophis revealed the existence of two new species in the Atlantic Forest bionic. As a result, we recognize five mainland species, three in the Atlantic Forest and two in northwestern South America. Based on general distribution and morphological orientation, the type locality of T. paucisquamis is restricted to Estacao Biologica de Boraceia (EBB), municipality of Salesopolis, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil; furthermore, a lectotype for T. taczanowskyi is designated. We provide data on the hemipenial morphology of two South American Tropidophis, showing that the quadrifurcate condition described for West Indian taxa also occurs in mainland congeners. The distributions of the three Atlantic Forest species are congruent with patterns of diversification of other vertebrate taxa associated with cold climates prevalent at high elevations. Refugial isolation and riverine barriers may account for such speciation events.

Physical and psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in Brazilian and Italian nurses

As part of the international CUPID investigation, we compared physical and psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among nurses in Brazil and Italy. Using questionnaires, we collected information on musculoskeletal disorders and potential risk factors from 751 nurses employed in public hospitals. By fitting country-specific multiple logistic regression models, we investigated the association of stressful physical activities and psychosocial characteristics with site-specific and multisite pain, and associated sickness absence. We found no clear relationship between low back pain and occupational lifting, but neck and shoulder pain were more common among nurses who reported prolonged work with the arms in an elevated position. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, pain in the low back, neck and shoulder, multisite pain, and sickness absence were all associated with somatizing tendency in both countries. Our findings support a role of somatizing tendency in predisposition to musculoskeletal disorders, acting as an important mediator of the individual response to triggering exposures, such as work-load.

Plan de recuperación de la lapa majorera (Patella candei d'Orbigny, 1840), la primera estrategia para recuperar una especie marina

La lapa majorera (Patella candei) es un gasterópodo marino, endémico de laMacaronesia, con poblaciones restringidas a las islas Salvajes y Fuerteventura. Es precisamente su reducida área de distribución, el bajo número de efectivos poblacionales y la existencia de factores de riesgo y amenaza sobre la especie, lo que llevó a la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias a proponer su inclusión en el Catálogo Nacional de Especies Amenazadas y, posteriormente en el Catálogo de Especies Amenazadas de Canarias, en la categoría denominada en peligro de extinción.

Edad y crecimiento del sargo picudo Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) y del sargo breado Diplodus cervinus cervinus (Lowe, 1838) en aguas de Gran Canaria

[ES] Este artículo es un adelanto de los resultados de la Tesis Doctoral que está realizando la autora y la que es dirigida por la Dra. Mª del Pino Palacios Díaz, del departamento de Patología animal, Producción animal, Bromatología y Tecnología de los alimentos. La finalidad del presente estudio es comprobar la viabilidad de un sistema de riego enterrado que incremente la seguridad sanitaria en el reuso de aguas depuradas para la producción de forraje en Canarias, disminuya el consumo de este recurso y facilite las operaciones de cultivo en las zonas regadas. Los datos que se presentan a continuación son los correspondientes a una fase de puesta en marcha del sistema. Ha sido financiado con una beca INNOVA dentro de un proyecto bajo convenio entre el Consejo Insular de Aguas y la Granja Agrícola Experimental de GC y la ULPGC.