Discerning the sub-phonemic identity of pre-nasal /æ/ in British Columbia English

There are two features of /æ/ in British Columbia (BC) English that are widely attested in the literature: it is undergoing retraction and lowering and it is sensitive to the influence of certain following consonants. The present study aims to utilize both features to evaluate the phonological status of /æ/ before nasal consonants in BC English by examining the progression of sound change and the phonemic organization of /æ/ in different environments. Specifically, production and perception results are taken together to evaluate the phonetic position of pre-nasal /æ/ relative to other environments. These results are interpreted within a modular feedforward architecture of phonology to establish the phonological (allophonic) and phonetic (shallowphonic) rules that govern the internal relationships between the subphonemic elements of /æ/ in BC English. Further, the findings of this study provide evidence for the allophone being the target of sound change, rather than the phoneme.

Slow Oscillations in the Mouse Hippocampus Entrained by Nasal Respiration

Different types of network oscillations occur in different behavioral, cognitive, or vigilance states. The rodent hippocampus expresses prominentoscillations atfrequencies between 4 and 12Hz,which are superimposed by phase-coupledoscillations (30 –100Hz).These patterns entrain multineuronal activity over large distances and have been implicated in sensory information processing and memory formation. Here we report a new type of oscillation at near- frequencies (2– 4 Hz) in the hippocampus of urethane-anesthetized mice. The rhythm is highly coherent with nasal respiration and with rhythmic field potentials in the olfactory bulb: hence, we called it hippocampal respiration-induced oscillations. Despite the similarity in frequency range, several features distinguish this pattern from locally generatedoscillations: hippocampal respiration-induced oscillations have a unique laminar amplitude profile, are resistant to atropine, couple differentlytooscillations, and are abolished when nasal airflow is bypassed bytracheotomy. Hippocampal neurons are entrained by both the respiration-induced rhythm and concurrent oscillations, suggesting a direct interaction between endogenous activity in the hippocampus and nasal respiratory inputs. Our results demonstrate that nasal respiration strongly modulates hippocampal network activity in mice, providing a long-range synchronizing signal between olfactory and hippocampal networks.

Dacriocistorrinostomia endoscópica nasal: resultados do Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca

Objectivo: analisar os resultados da experiência de um hospital distrital na realização de dacriocistorrinostomias (DCR) endoscópicas e determinar o papel actual desta técnica para tratamento de obstruções da via nasolacrimal. Materiais e Métodos: Reviram-se os processos clínicos de 67 dacriocistorrinostomias endoscópicas consecutivas realizadas no Hospital Fernando Fonseca entre Janeiro de 1997 e Dezembro de 2012. Analisou-se a clínica apresentada pelos doentes, o nível da estenose detectado na dacriocistografia, as complicações intra e pós-operatórias e os resultados funcionais e anatómicos pós-operatórios. Resultados: Dos 51 doentes, 12 eram do sexo masculino e 34 do sexo feminino, com média de idades de 57 anos. A epífora foi a queixa predominante. Com a excepção de dois casos, todas as cirurgias foram executadas com instrumentos de dissecção motorizados. O sucesso da DCR endoscópica foi de 78,1%. Conclusões: A DCR endoscópica é uma técnica simples, segura e eficaz para o tratamento das obstruções distais da via nasolacrimal.

New approach to study the real exposure to fungi in cork industry: nasal swabs mycobiota investigation coupled with screening on fungal resistance to azoles

The permanent contact with cork may lead to constant exposure to fungi, raising awareness as a potential occupational hazard in the cork industry.The presence of fungi belonging to the Penicillium glabrum complex has been associated with the development of respiratory diseases such as suberosis, one of the most prevalent diseases among workers from cork industries, besides occupational asthma. Azoles are used as pesticides but also the first line therapy in the treatment of Aspergillus infections; azole-resistance as been described as to have also an environmental source and is considered an emerging public health problem.The aim of this work was to characterize fungal distribution and to evaluate the presence of azole-resistant Aspergillus isolates in nose swab samples from the cork industry workers.

Slow Oscillations in the Mouse Hippocampus Entrained by Nasal Respiration

Different types of network oscillations occur in different behavioral, cognitive, or vigilance states. The rodent hippocampus expresses prominentoscillations atfrequencies between 4 and 12Hz,which are superimposed by phase-coupledoscillations (30 –100Hz).These patterns entrain multineuronal activity over large distances and have been implicated in sensory information processing and memory formation. Here we report a new type of oscillation at near- frequencies (2– 4 Hz) in the hippocampus of urethane-anesthetized mice. The rhythm is highly coherent with nasal respiration and with rhythmic field potentials in the olfactory bulb: hence, we called it hippocampal respiration-induced oscillations. Despite the similarity in frequency range, several features distinguish this pattern from locally generatedoscillations: hippocampal respiration-induced oscillations have a unique laminar amplitude profile, are resistant to atropine, couple differentlytooscillations, and are abolished when nasal airflow is bypassed bytracheotomy. Hippocampal neurons are entrained by both the respiration-induced rhythm and concurrent oscillations, suggesting a direct interaction between endogenous activity in the hippocampus and nasal respiratory inputs. Our results demonstrate that nasal respiration strongly modulates hippocampal network activity in mice, providing a long-range synchronizing signal between olfactory and hippocampal networks.

Nuclear alterations in nasal mucosa epithelial cells of students exposed to formaldehyde

Introduction: Formaldehyde is a compound with a wide range and is commonly used in anatomy and pathology laboratories. At room temperature is quickly volatilized to a pungent and suffocating gas and its inhalation has been correlated to nuclear alterations in different tissues. We aimed to investigate whether exposure to this compound was correlated with the appearance of cytotoxic and genotoxic features in the nasal epithelial cells of students enrolled in a human anatomy course. Material and Methods: This prospective study collected periodically nasal cells from mucosa of 17 volunteers from two different undergraduate programs with different workloads of practical lessons in an anatomy laboratory, 30 and 90 hours per semester. Cells were staining according to Feulgen method and nuclear morphology was analyzed to detect possible damage. Dunn's post hoc test was used in the statistical analysis. Pearson's correlation was performed for gender, age and questionnaire responses. Results: Epithelial cells showed indicators of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. Students with a more extensive workload in anatomy laboratory displayed a more severe profile with an increase in karyorrhexis (p < 0.05) over time. The micronucleus analysis showed difference between first and second collection (p < 0.01), although it was not maintained over the time. Students with a less extensive workload display no differences in most of cytological features. Despite karyorrhexis was present in a greater number of cells, for this group no significant difference was observed between any range. The same was observed to karyolysis and micronucleus (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals exposed for short periods of time to formaldehyde are subject to the toxic action of this gas. Karyorrhexis was the most frequently observed cytotoxic feature and micronucleus showed an increase between the first time point. The patterns observed between the student's groups suggest a negative effect due to exposure time.

Determinación de la Flora Bacteriana Nasal y Cloacal de la Tortuga “golfina” Lepidochelys olivacea, Especie Anidante en el Área Natural Protegida Complejo Los Cóbanos. Sonsonate, El Salvador

Durante su ciclo de vida las tortugas marinas están expuestas a muchos peligros, cada año mueren al ser capturadas accidentalmente en las redes de pesca, víctimas de la pérdida de hábitat de áreas de alimentación y anidación, debido al desarrollo costero e incremento del turismo, lo anterior ha ocasionado que se les considere como especies en peligro o amenazadas de extinción. La mayoría de las enfermedades de las tortugas marinas aún no han sido descritas; por lo que es necesario conocer las bacterias que se encuentran presente en el organismo y los posibles vectores de enfermedades. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la composición de la flora bacteriana en el área nasal y cloacal de las tortugas marinas Lepidochelys olivacea durante su época de anidación entre los meses de junio a octubre del año 2012, se colectaron muestras bacteriológicas provenientes de 20 hembras anidantes mediante recorridos nocturnos en tres playas El Faro, El Cocal y Salinitas pertenecientes al Área Natural Protegida Complejos Los Cóbanos Departamento de Sonsonate, El Salvador. Las muestras se colectaron a través del uso de hisopos estériles que se introdujeron en la cloaca durante el desove y en uno de los conductos nasales. Estas fueron trasladadas en al laboratorio de Biología de la Universidad de El Salvador en menos de 24 horas para su posterior análisis. En el laboratorio las muestras nasales fueron cultivadas en agar sangre, MacConkey y agar manitol sal, las cloacales fueron cultivadas en agar sangre, MacConkey, TCBS y XLD, a todas las colonias aisladas se les realizaron pruebas bioquímicas rutinarias IMVIC. Además se utilizó API 20E.

Conidiobolomicosis nasal en una oveja (Ovis aries) en Uruguay

Resumen La conidiobolomicosis es una enfermedad causada por Conidiobolus spp. que afecta a varias especies de animales, incluyendo ovinos, llamas, ciervos, caballos, perros y humanos. En ovinos se caracteriza por lesiones granulomatosas en la cavidad nasal. Aunque la enfermedad es endémica en distintas regiones de Brasil, aún no ha sido reportada en Uruguay. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un caso de conidiobolomicosis nasal en una oveja en Uruguay y proveer una breve revisión bibliográfica. El caso ocurrió en marzo del 2015 en una oveja de 19 meses de edad en un establecimiento ubicado en el departamento de Colonia. Los principales signos clínicos fueron debilidad, secreción nasal, obnubilación, torneo y exoftalmos unilateral. Los principales hallazgos patológicos fueron rinosinusitis granulomatosa necrotizante localmente extensiva, afectando la región posterior de la cavidad nasal, con desplazamiento del tabique nasal y osteítis necrotizante/osteolítica de los huesos faciales, con extensión al tejido subcutáneo facial y espacio retro-ocular derechos. Microscópicamente se constató la presencia de hifas intralesionales, identificadas por inmunohistoquímica como Conidiobolus spp., rodeadas por material de Splendore-Hoeppli. Se concluye que la conidiobolomicosis ocurre esporádicamente en Uruguay y que debe ser considerada dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de rinitis en ovinos en este País

Evaluación de parámetros productivos y reproductivos usando el método de destete con placa nasal en un hato cebú de la altillanura metense

Tesis (Zootecnista). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Zootecnia, 2014

Comparison of Complications and Efficacy of NIPPV and Nasal CPAP in Preterm Infants With RDS

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most common diseases in neonates admitted to NICU. For this important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates, several treatment methods have been used. To date, non-invasive methods are preferred due to fewer complications. Objectives: Herein, two non-invasive methods of ventilation support are compared: NCPAP vs. NIPPV. Patients and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial. Premature neonates with less than 34 weeks gestation, suffering from RDS entered the study, including 151 newborns admitted to Vali-Asr NICU during 2012-2013. Most of these patients received surfactant as early rescue via INSURE method and then randomly divided into two NCPAP (73 neonates) and NIPPV (78 neonates) groups. Both early and late complications are compared including extubation failure, hospital length of stay, GI perforation, apnea, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and mortality rate. Results: The need for re-intubation was 6% in NIPPV vs. 17.6% in NCPAP group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.031). The length of hospital stay was 23.92 ± 13.5 vs. 32.61 ± 21.07 days in NIPPV and NCPAP groups, respectively (P = 0.002). Chronic lung disease (CLD) was reported to be 4% in NCPAP and 0% in NIPPV groups (P = 0.035). The most common complication occurred in both groups was traumatization of nasal skin and mucosa, all of which fully recovered. Gastrointestinal perforation was not reported in either group. Conclusions: This study reveals the hospital length of stay, re-intubation and BPD rates are significantly declined in neonates receiving NIPPV as the treatment for RDS.

Hemangioendotelioma nasal: a propósito de um caso clínico

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Otorhinolaryngological Findings In A Group Of Patients With Rheumatic Diseases.

Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of rheumatologic diseases represent a great challenge not only to the generalistphysician but also to the ENT doctor andrheumatologist. They often represent early manifestations of an autoimmune disorder which requires prompt and aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. Auditory, nasal, laryngeal and eye symptoms can be the first manifestation of rheumatic diseases and their proper assessment helps the doctor to identify signs of disease activity. The objective of this study is to identify the ENT manifestations in patients with rheumatic diseases in a high complexity hospital, regarding facilitating an early diagnosis and treatment. We performed clinical and complete otorhinolaryngological evaluations in patients selected from the outpatient rheumatology in a standardized manner by the use of a standardized form filling during the secondhalf of 2010. In the study group, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients had predominantly laryngeal manifestations, while patients with Sjögren's syndrome showed a higher prevalence of otologic manifestations. Changes in audiometric tests were found in 53% of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) patients, 80% of relapsing polychondritis (RP), 33% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 50% of Churg-Strauss syndrome (SCS). Regarding nasal alterations, these were found so prevalent in all conditions, especially Churg-Strauss syndrome. This study demonstrated that most patients treated in our hospital has the ENT signs and symptoms commonly associated in previous studies on rheumatic diseases, but further studies with a larger number of patients must be made to establish such relations.

Cephalometric And Anthropometric Data Of Obstructive Apnea In Different Age Groups.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age. To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups. A retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea-hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group. The cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years). Cephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumferences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group.

Flicker perimetry in healthy subjects: influence of age and gender, learning effect and short-term fluctuation

PURPOSE: To determine the mean critical fusion frequency and the short-term fluctuation, to analyze the influence of age, gender, and the learning effect in healthy subjects undergoing flicker perimetry. METHODS: Study 1 - 95 healthy subjects underwent flicker perimetry once in one eye. Mean critical fusion frequency values were compared between genders, and the influence of age was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Study 2 - 20 healthy subjects underwent flicker perimetry 5 times in one eye. The first 3 sessions were separated by an interval of 1 to 30 days, whereas the last 3 sessions were performed within the same day. The first 3 sessions were used to investigate the presence of a learning effect, whereas the last 3 tests were used to calculate short-term fluctuation. RESULTS: Study 1 - Linear regression analysis demonstrated that mean global, foveal, central, and critical fusion frequency per quadrant significantly decreased with age (p<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in mean critical fusion frequency values between males and females (p>0.05), with the exception of the central area and inferonasal quadrant (p=0.049 and p=0.011, respectively), where the values were lower in females. Study 2 - Mean global (p=0.014), central (p=0.008), and peripheral (p=0.03) critical fusion frequency were significantly lower in the first session compared to the second and third sessions. The mean global short-term fluctuation was 5.06±1.13 Hz, the mean interindividual and intraindividual variabilities were 11.2±2.8% and 6.4±1.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that, in healthy subjects, critical fusion frequency decreases with age, that flicker perimetry is associated with a learning effect, and that a moderately high short-term fluctuation is expected.