Riskien arvioinnin hyödyntäminen yrityksen tietoturvaohjeiston uudistamisessa

Tietoturvallisuus on prosessi, jonka tavoitteena on turvata yrityksen liiketoiminnassa käytettävän tiedon luottamuksellisuus, eheys ja käytettävyys. Tietoturvallisuutta johdetaan hallintajärjestelmällä, johon riskien arviointi ja tietoturvaohjeisto kuuluvat. Työssä tutkitaan, kuinka tietoturvaohjeiston dokumentteja voidaan kehittää tietoturvariskien arvioinnin avulla. Työn käytännön osuudessa suoritetaan Kemppi-konsernissa tietoriskien arviointi, jonka perusteella uudistetaan konsernin tietoturvaohjeistoa ja annetaan jatkosuositukset tietoturvallisuuden kehittämisestä.

Let Go and Remember. How Finnish Communities Experienced and Memorialized School Shootings

This study examines the aftermath of mass violence in local communities. Two rampage school shootings that occurred in Finland are analyzed and compared to examine the ways in which communities experience, make sense of, and recover from sudden acts of mass violence. The studied cases took place at Jokela High School, in southern Finland, and at a polytechnic university in Kauhajoki, in western Finland, in 2007 and 2008 respectively. Including the perpetrators, 20 people lost their lives in these shootings. These incidents are part of the global school shooting phenomenon with increasing numbers of incidents occurring in the last two decades, mostly in North America and Europe. The dynamic of solidarity and conflict is one of the main themes of this study. It builds upon previous research on mass violence and disasters which suggests that solidarity increases after a crisis, and that this increase is often followed by conflict in the affected communities. This dissertation also draws from theoretical discussions on remembering, narrating, and commemorating traumatic incidents, as well as the idea of a cultural trauma process in which the origins and consequences of traumas are negotiated alongside collective identities. Memorialization practices and narratives about what happened are vital parts of the social memory of crises and disasters, and their inclusive and exclusive characteristics are discussed in this study. The data include two types of qualitative interviews; focused interviews with 11 crisis workers, and focused, narrative interviews with 21 residents of Jokela and 22 residents of Kauhajoki. A quantitative mail survey of the Jokela population (N=330) provided data used in one of the research articles. The results indicate that both communities experienced a process of simultaneous solidarity and conflict after the shootings. In Jokela, the community was constructed as a victim, and public expressions of solidarity and memorialization were promoted as part of the recovery process. In Kauhajoki, the community was portrayed as an incidental site of mass violence, and public expressions of solidarity by distant witnesses were labeled as unnecessary and often criticized. However, after the shooting, the community was somewhat united in its desire to avoid victimization and a prolonged liminal period. This can be understood as a more modest and invisible process of “silent solidarity”. The processes of enforced solidarity were partly made possible by exclusion. In some accounts, the family of the perpetrator in Jokela was excluded from the community. In Kauhajoki, the whole incident was externalized. In both communities, this exclusion included associating the shooting events, certain places, and certain individuals with the concept of evil, which helped to understand and explain the inconceivable incidents. Differences concerning appropriate emotional orientations, memorialization practices and the pace of the recovery created conflict in both communities. In Jokela, attitudes towards the perpetrator and his family were also a source of friction. Traditional gender roles regarding the expression of emotions remained fairly stable after the school shootings, but in an exceptional situation, conflicting interpretations arose concerning how men and women should express emotion. The results from the Jokela community also suggest that while increased solidarity was seen as important part of the recovery process, some negative effects such as collective guilt, group divisions, and stigmatization also emerged. Based on the results, two simultaneous strategies that took place after mass violence were identified; one was a process of fast-paced normalization, and the other was that of memorialization. Both strategies are ways to restore the feeling of security shattered by violent incidents. The Jokela community emphasized remembering while the Kauhajoki community turned more to the normalization strategy. Both strategies have positive and negative consequences. It is important to note that the tendency to memorialize is not the only way of expressing solidarity, as fast normalization includes its own kind of solidarity and helps prevent the negative consequences of intense solidarity.

Kättelyn merkitykset suomalaisessa tapakulttuurissa 1800-luvulta 2000-luvulle

Tutkimuksen aiheena on kättely suomalaisessa tapakulttuurissa 1800-luvulta 2000-luvulle. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on ollut selvittää, mitä kättely on suomalaisille tutkimusajankohtana merkinnyt. Kättelyä suomalaisessa tapakulttuurissa on tarkasteltu muistitietoaineiston avulla.Ensisijainen aineisto sisältää kättelyyn liittyviä ajatuksia ja kokemuksia yli tuhannelta suomalaiselta. Aineiston käsittely ei kuitenkaan perustu niiden määrälliseen tutkimiseen, vaan tutkimusmenetelmänä on käytetty laadullista tutkimusotetta, jonka ytimessä on merkitysten tulkinta. Väitöskirjassa kättelyä lähestytään kulttuurihistoriallisena, monitasoisena ilmiönä, josta on erotettavissa kestoltaan eripituisia historiallisuuden tasoja. Myös väitöskirjan rakenne seuraa tätä historiallisen monikerroksellisuuden ajatusta. Ensiksi kättelystä on erotettavissa biologiaan perustuva niin kutsuttu syvän historian taso, joka tekee kättelystä merkityksellisen luottamuksellisten suhteiden ja yhteistoiminnan alueella. Toiseksi kättelystä voidaan erottaa rakenteiden tasolla ilmenevä ja hitaasti muuttuva tapakulttuurin taso. Mutta vaikka tapakulttuurin säännöt osaltaan vaikuttavat siihen, miten henkilö tietyssä tilanteessa käyttäytyy, on toimija kättelytilanteessa kuitenkin valintoja tekevä yksilö. Kolmas tutkimuksessa erotettu taso onkin tapahtumahetken taso, jolla historiallinen toimija suorittaa valintojaan oman henkilöhistoriansa ja elämänkokemuksensa avulla. Historialliseen monikerroksellisuuteen liittyvän ajattelun kautta tutkimus osoittaa kättelyn monisyiseksi ilmiöksi, joka vaikuttaa inhimilliseen vuorovaikutukseen olennaisella tavalla. Tutkimusote myös nivoo ihmisen kehityshistorian opittuun tapakulttuuriin sekä tapahtumahetken aktiiviseen kättelytoimijuuteen. Tuloksista voidaan päätellä, ettei kättely ole suomalaisille merkityksetön toiminto, vaan tärkeä sosiaalinen väline, jonka syvempi ymmärtäminen vaatii kaikkien historiallisten tasojen tarkastelua. Eri historian kerrokset voivat olla yksittäisessä kättelytapahtumassa kaikki läsnä. Julkisessa keskustelussa kättely on ollut esillä epähygieenisyytensä vuoksi. Väitöskirjatutkimuksessa pohditaan myös kättelyn suhdetta mikrobien leviämiseen. Tutkimus osoittaa, että kättelyllä on kahtalaisia turvallisuuteen liittyviä merkityksiä: toisaalta se on lääketieteellinen riski, mutta toisaalta se saa sellaisia tapoihin ja hyvinvointiin liittyviä merkityksiä kuten yhteisöllisyys ja luottamus. Pohdittaessa kättelyn ja käsihygienian suhdetta tulevaisuudessa nämä seikat tulisi tiedostaa ja tuoda selkeästi esiin.

RFID-teknologia kulunvalvonnassa

Tämä kandidaatintutkielma on kirjallisuuskatsaus, joka käsittelee RFID-teknologian hyöndyntämistä kulunvalvonnassa. Työssä perehdytään pintapuolisesti itse teknologiaan, ja luodaan katsaus kulunvalvontaan. Työn pääaihe on kuitenkin kulunvalvonnan ja RFID:n yhdistyminen: miten RFID:tä hyödynnetään kulunvalvonnan toteutuksissa ympäri maailmaa. Työssä tarkastellaan RFID:n vahvuuksia, sekä heikkouksia kulunvalvonnan suhteen. Tämän lisäksi pyritään luomaan kuva nykyisistä ja tulevista implementaatioista. Viimeinen tärkeä työn osa-alue on turvallisuus. RFID:tä käytetään korkeankin turvatason kulunvalvontaratkaisuissa ja tällöin turvallisuuden maksimoiminen on ensiarvoisen tärkeää.

Suljetun sähkönjakeluverkon regulaatio teollisuusympäristössä

Tässä työssä tutkitaan suljetun jakeluverkon regulaatiota yhden suomalaisen teollisuussähköverkon näkökulmasta ja sitä verrataan olemassa olevaan energiaviraston jakeluverkkoja koskevaan säätelymalliin. Työssä tutkitaan verkkoyhtiön kehittämän säätelymallin toimivuutta ja sitä kuinka se täyttää hyvän valvontamallin ominaispiirteet. Tässä työssä ei ole tarkoituksena esittää uutta valvontamallia, vaan tutkia ja arvioida olemassa olevia malleja. Työssä käydään läpi olemassa oleva kolmannen valvontajakson regulaatiomalli sekä muutokset, joita on esitetty tuleville valvontakausille. Työssä taustoitetaan valvontatoimintaa myös yleisen talousteorian ja valvontateorioiden avulla. Tämän taustoituksen avulla tarkastellaan teollisuussähköverkkojen erityisiä ominaisuuksia ja edelleen tutkitun teollisuussähköverkon korkeita käyttövaatimuksia ja syitä tällaisille vaatimuksille. Verkkoyhtiön käyttämä tariffimalli kuvataan myös sen liittyessä sääntelyyn saumattomasti. Työssä todistettiin mallin toimivuus tämän kaltaisessa toimintaympäristössä, jossa käyntivarmuusvaatimus on erittäin korkea. Havainnoissa myös korostuu mallin pitkäjänteisyys ja ennustettavuus. Laskentaesimerkkien avulla arvioidaan liittymähinnoittelun kohtuullisuutta asiakkaalle ja mallin toimivuutta yleensä. Näissä tarkasteluissa havaittiin, että yleisellä tasolla liittymähinnoittelu on kohtuullista asiakkaalle ja se mahdollistaa asiakkaan pääomien tehokkaamman käytön kuin ilman verkkoyhtiötä. Kehittämiskohteina tuodaan esille keskeytyksistä aiheutuvien haittojen käsittely ja se, ettei tällaiseen verkkoympäristöön ole tällä hetkellä toimivaa mittaria, jolla voitaisiin arvioida kuinka hyvin verkkoyhtiö toimii.

Situational awareness for critical infrastructure protection

Postgraduate seminar series with a title Situational Awareness for Critical Infrastructure Protection held at the Department of Military Technology of the National Defence University in 2015. This book is a collection of some of talks that were presented in the seminar. The papers address designing inter-organizational situation awareness system, principles of designing for situation awareness, situation awareness in distributed teams, vulnerability analysis in a critical system context, tactical Command, Control, Communications, Computers, & Intelligence (C4I) systems, and improving situational awareness in the circle of trust. This set of papers tries to give some insight to current issues of the situation awareness for critical infrastructure protection. The seminar has always made a publication of the papers but this has been an internal publication of the Finnish Defence Forces and has not hindered publication of the papers in international conferences. Publication of these papers in peer reviewed conferences has indeed been always the goal of the seminar, since it teaches writing conference level papers. We still hope that an internal publication in the department series is useful to the Finnish Defence Forces by offering an easy access to these papers.

Människans liv med sömnbesvär och hur människor med sömnbesvär upplever kognitiv beteendeterapi

Sleep disorders are a common health problem in western countries. Every third working age person suffers from sleep deprivation and that often leads to other health problems as well. One can end up in a vicious circle, which can further decrease mood and ability to function. The aim of this thesis is to illustrate how sleep deprivation affects the lives of working age population and to deepen our understanding of life with sleep deprivation. Study questions are: how does sleep deprivation affect a working age person’s life and what kind of experiences do people have about cognitive-behavioural therapy as a treatment to sleep disorders. Theoretical perspective is based on clinical nursing science theories and the humanist view of man, which sees human as an entity. The methodology used is phenomenological approach and data analysis is conducted by using Ricœur’s hermeneutic phenomenological interpretation method. The empirical part is divided into two different sections. The material of the study consists of interviews and surveys done by people who have experienced sleep deprivation or sleep disorders. Two interviewees talked about their lives with sleep disorders and there are 21 surveys conducted on people’s experiences on cognitive-behavioural therapy. The partakers in the two sections are different people. The results show that people with sleep disorders can end up in a vicious circle of sleep deprivation and in worst cases a sleep disorder can take charge of a person’s whole life. Sleep disorder can cause shame and fear of stigma. Nevertheless, someone suffering from a sleep disorder can find strength and solutions to control the difficult situation. This study proves that both nursing staff and other people have little information about difficulties in sleeping and awareness should be improved in clinical nursing. A health-care provider has an essential role in preventing someone ending up in a vicious circle of sleep deprivation and cognitive-behavioural therapy can contribute to good health. Reflection at the end of cognitive-behavioural sleep therapy course helps patients to continue their learning process. When someone is sleep deprived, it means that they have control over the situation, but when someone has a sleep disorder, that person does not have the strength to control the situation.

Learning and healing: a wellness pedagogy for Aboriginal teacher education /

During the last 30 years Aboriginal peoples in Canada have made steady progress in reclaiming the responsibility for the education of their young people, especially in primary and secondary school. In comparison the education and or training of adult populations has not kept pace and many socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators demonstrate a ' , continued confinement of those populations to the margins of the dominant society of Canada. It is the adults, the mothers and the fathers, the grandmothers and grandfathers, the aunties and uncles that are the first teachers of the next generation and the nature of these relationships replicates the culture of unwellness in each subsequent generation through those teachers. There are few examples in the Aboriginal adult education literatures that give voice to the educational experience of the Learner. This study addresses that gap by exploring the perspectives embedded in the stories of a Circle of Learners who are, or were enrolled in the Bachelor of Education in Aboriginal Adult Education program at Brock University. That Circle of 1 participants included 9 women and 1 man, 6 of whom were from various i Anishinabek nations while 4 represented the Hotinonshd:ni nations in southern Ontario. They are an eclectic group, representing many professions, age groups, spiritual traditions, and backgrounds. This then is their story, the story of the heaming and Healing pedagogy and an expanded vision of Aboriginal education and research at Brock University.

Creativity and the working artist/teacher : the relationships

The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the relationships between creativity and the working artist/teacher employed by an art college. The topic emerged from my job as an instructor at The Ontario College of Art which was used as the primary data resource and provided the highest caliber of professionals to chose from. Existent data were used to facilitate the study generated by the research of Cawelti, Rappaport, and Wood (1992). The data were generated by a group of 5 faculty members from The University of Northern Iowa, recognized for their expertise in the arts (a painter, a poet, a sculptor, a novelist, and a photographer). They were asked to respond to the following statement: "In as much detail as you like, list the things that you did, thought, or felt the last time you created an artistic product. II Cawelti, Rappaport, and Wood (1992) produced three models of the creative process, each building on the previous, with the resultant third,being in my opinion, an excellent illustration (text/visual) of the creative process. Model three (Appendix D) presented a "multi-dimensional view of the creative process: time, space, observatility, and consciousnessll (p. 90). Model three utilized a visual mapping device along the bottom of the page linked to text segments above. Both the visual and the text were interrelated so that they harmonized into a comprehensive "picture." The parti'cipants of this qualitative study were asked to consider model three from their professional perspective as artist/teachers. The interpretive sciences directed the methodology. The hermeneutic circle of continuous reflection from the whole to the part and back to the whole was an important aspect of the data analyses. Four members of the Foundation Department at The Ontario College of Art were the key participants. A series of conversational interviews was the primary source of data collection, this was augmented by observation, fie,ldnotes, and follow up telephone interviews. Transcripts of interviews were returned to participants for reflection and the telephone was used to discuss any additional -points raised. Analysis consisted of coding and organizing data according to emerging themes. These themes formed the basis for the narrative stories. The text of the narrative stories were given back to each participant for further comment. Revisions were made until both the researcher and the participants felt that the stories reflected reality. The resultant whole was critiqued from the researcher's perspective. The significance of this study was discussed as it pertains to the working artist/teacher and areas in need of further study are pointed out.

Rittermere Farm Craft Studio Fonds, 1951-2006

During the 1950’s, the Rittenhouse family of Vineland in the Niagara Peninsula opened a craft store and studio. Within a short period of time, they realized that resources for the craft of rug hooking were in demand and they began to build their business around this niche. Edna Rittenhouse, the mother, was the wool dyer; Margaret Rowan, the daughter, was the pattern designer; Ted Rowan, the son-in-law, changed careers and became the manager of the family business. The 1960’s were a prosperous time, not only in the Niagara Peninsula, but also for the Rittenhouse business. Edna Rittenhouse had been hooking rugs for decades but she and her family worked at developing and sharing newer techniques with newer materials. Shading manuals were authored and published; students became teachers; creativity abounded in the demand for and the creation of new designs. Instead of using woolen yarn, they were using pure woolen fabric; instead of using a standard cutter, they began using a uniquely designed cutter; instead of using frames, they employed a table top method. The new material and technique resulted in a rug with a smooth, uniform texture and a soft nap. Since many crafters belonged to crafters guilds, Margaret and Ted Rowan began promoting the idea of a guild for rug hookers and in time the Ontario Hooking Craft Guild was also a reality. A joint project between Chatelaine magazine and the Rittermere studio for Canada’s centennial year of 1967 was extremely well received within the circle of hooking crafters and the Rittermere Farm Craft Studio became a North American landmark for crafters. From this point onward the studio had a large customer base not only in North America but also overseas. The studio remained popular until 1984 when Margaret and Ted Rowan decided to retire. The Rittermere name has been preserved in the name of Rittermere-Hurst-Field which is a similar business located in Aurora which is just north of Toronto.

El extranjero y el derecho a la justicia en Canadá tras el 11 de septiembre

After the events of September 11, the fear of terrorism led to the adoption of new anti-terrorist measures (elimination of appeals available to foreigners, reduction of legal aid, increased powers of detention, easier use of security certificates…). But in Canadian Charter of Rigths and Freedoms only the right to vote and be elected, the right to enter and remain in the country and the minority language educational rights specifically protect citizens. The protection of Canadian citizens cannot be based on the denial of foreigner´s rights. The same rights are at stake: The violation of a foreigners´s rights is a violation of citizen´s rights.

La légitimité de l'État du port de contrôler la navigabilité des navires

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de maître en droit Option droit des affaires"

L'interprétation et le contrôle de la légalité des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (L.L.M)"

Perception des personnes âgées à l'égard de la vidéosurveillance intelligente pour leur soutien à domicile

Introduction : Au sein de la population vieillissante, les chutes à domicile représentent une problématique importante (1 personne âgée/3 chute au moins 1 fois/année). Pour détecter automatiquement les chutes en respectant la vie privée, une technologie novatrice a été développée : la vidéosurveillance intelligente. Objectif : Explorer la perception et la réceptivité des personnes âgées concernant l’introduction de cette nouvelle technologie, à domicile. Méthodologie : Trente personnes âgées ont participé à une entrevue structurée (devis mixte). Une analyse de contenu (données qualitatives) et des analyses descriptives (données quantitatives) ont été effectuées puis combinées. Résultats : 93,4% des participants sont favorables (ou partiellement) à la vidéosurveillance intelligente et 43,3% l’utiliserait pour le sentiment de sécurité et la confidentialité procurés. Conclusion : Le contexte de vie des personnes âgées influence leur perception et réceptivité envers la vidéosurveillance intelligente. Il s’agit maintenant d’évaluer cette technologie dans divers milieux de vie.

Changements des politiques d’immigration et d’asile après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 : rupture ou continuité ?

La visée de ce mémoire est d’expliquer les récents changements des lois sur l’immigration et l’asile. À prime abord, le moment de ces changements suggère une influence des attentats du 11 septembre 2001. La littérature avance toutefois que ces changements dateraient plutôt de la fin de la Guerre froide. Nous avons donc vérifié deux hypothèses, la première étant que les changements législatifs découlent de l’évolution des flux migratoires, et la seconde voulant qu’ils résultent d’une « connexion sécurité‐migration ». Nous avons d’abord eu recours aux écrits sur les changements institutionnels et les politiques d’immigration et d’asile et sur la constitution des migrations comme enjeu sécuritaire. Ensuite, nous avons étudié le contenu des lois sur l’immigration et l’asile de pays membres de l’OCDE de 1989 à 2008. Deux typologies ont été construites pour évaluer l’effet des flux migratoires sur lesdits changements législatifs. Enfin, une analyse lexicométrique nous a permis d’évaluer le poids des enjeux sécuritaires dans les lois sur l’immigration et l’asile depuis 1989. Nous avons noté l’absence de corrélation entre changements législatifs et flux migratoires mais la présence d’un lien entre ces changements et la « connexion sécurité‐migration ». Le rôle joué par le 11 septembre et d’autres attaques terroristes a été vérifié pour les États‐Unis, le Royaume‐Uni et l’Union européenne. Ce mémoire démontre ainsi la mutation des lois sur l’immigration et l’asile qui sont passées du statut de « régulateur des migrations internationales » à celui de « garant de la sécurité nationale ».