Estudo do valor nutritivo do farelo de guandu [Cajanus cajan (L.) Miilps] var. fava larga na alimentação de frangos de corte. 1. Avaliação do tratamento térmico

The experiment was conducted to evaluate pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) protein in broiler chicks (up to 28 days of age) feeding, as compared to soybean (Glycine mar) protein, In the experiment the effects of temperature and autoclaving on antinutritional factors on pigeon pea meal were studied. Temperatures of 100, 110 e 120 degrees C and times of autoclaving of 10, 20 and 30 minutes were applied using a two-way factorial design, replicated in four times. Underheating and overheating during the process of inactivation of proteases inhibiting were evaluated by ureatic activity and protein solubility analysis, after the grains were dried and ground. After 28 days, the best time of autoclaving was 20 minutes (p<,05) irrespectively of temperature, which lead to a lower feed consuption. There were no histopathological alterations in kidney, liver, pancreas, heart and intestines of the broilers.

Structural and electrical properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 thin films prepared by chemical aqueous solution at low temperature

SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) thin films were prepared by the polymeric precursors method and deposited by dip coating onto Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates. The dip-coated films were specular and crack-free and crystallized during firing at 700 degrees C. Microstructure and morphological evaluation were followed by grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The films exhibited somewhat porous grain structure with rounded grains of about 100 nm. For the electrical measurements, gold electrodes of 300 mu m in diameter were sputter deposited on the top surface, forming a metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) configuration. The remanent polarization (P-r) and coercive field (E-c) were 5.6 mu C/cm(2) and 100 kV/cm, respectively. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

The influence of internal surface treatments on tensile bond strength for two ceramic systems

Statement of the Problem: the ceramic composition and surface microstructure of all-ceramic restorations are important components of an effective bonding substrate. Hydrofluoric acid and sandblasting are well-known procedures for surface treatment; however, surface treatment for high alumina-containing and lithium disilicate ceramics have not been fully investigated.Purpose: This in vitro study evaluated the tensile bond strength of resin cement to two types of ceramic systems with different surface treatments.Methods and Materials: Thirty specimens of each ceramic system were made according to the manufacturer's instructions and embedded in polyester resin. Specimens of In-Ceram Alumina [1] and IPS Empress 2 [E] were distributed to three groups with differing surface treatments (n=10): sandblasting with 50 jam aluminum oxide (APA); sandblasting with 110 pm aluminum oxide modified with silica particles (ROCATEC System-RS); a combination of sandblasting with APA and 10% hydrofluoric acid etching (HA) for two minutes on In-Ceram and for 20 seconds for IPS Empress 2. After the respective surface treatments, all the specimens were silanated, and Rely-X resin cement was injected onto the ceramic surface and light polymerized. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and thermally cycled 1,100 times (5 degrees C/55 degrees C). The tensile bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/minute crosshead speed.Results: the mean bond strength values (AWa) for IPS Empress 2 were 12.01 +/- 5.93 (EAPA), 10.34 +/- 1.77 (ERS) and 14.49 +/- 3.04 (EHA). The mean bond strength values for In-Ceram Alumina were 9.87 +/- 2.40 JAPA) and 20.40 +/- 6.27 (IRS). All In-Ceram specimens treated with 10% hydrofluoric acid failed during thermal cycling.Conclusion: the Rocatec system was the most effective surface treatment for In-Ceram Alumina ceramics; whereas, the combination of aluminum oxide sandblasting and hydrofluoric acid etching for 20 seconds worked more effectively for Empress 2 ceramics.

Crystal structure of bis(acetylacetonato)-bis(3-methylpyridine)-nickel(II) dihydrate, Ni(C6H7N)(2)(C5H7O2)(2)center dot 2H(2)O

C22H32N2NiO6, triclinic, P (1) over bar (no. 2), a = 8.335(1) angstrom, b = 9.314(1) angstrom, c = 17.045(2) angstrom, alpha = 88.45(1)degrees, beta = 82.12(1)degrees, gamma = 70.296(9)degrees, V = 1233.7 angstrom(3), Z = 2, R-gt(F) = 0.050, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.177, T = 293 K.

Influence of temperature upon effects of crotoxin and gamma-irradiated crotoxin at rat neuromuscular transmission

The influence of temperature upon the effects of crotoxin (CTX)? from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, and gamma-irradiated (Co-60, 2000 Gy) crotoxin (iCTX) was studied in rat neuromuscular transmission 'in vitro'. Indirect twitches were evoked in the phrenic-diaphragm preparation by supramaximal strength pulses with a duration of 0.5 ms and frequency of 0.5 Hz. The phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymatic activity of CTX and iCTX was assayed against phosphadityl choline in Triton X-100. At 27 degrees C, CTX (14 mu g/ml) did not affect the amplitude of indirectly evoked twitches. However, at 37 degrees C, CTX induced a time-dependent blockade of the neuromuscular transmission that started at 90 min and was completed within 240 min, iCTX (14 mu g/ml) was inneffective on the neuromuscular transmission either at 27 or 37 degrees C. The PLA(2) enzymatic activity of CTX at 37 degrees C was 84 and that at 27 degrees C was 27 mu mol fatty acid released/min/mg protein, and that of the iCTX at 37 degrees C was 39 mu mol fatty acid released/min/mg protein. Thus, it was concluded that the mechanism of detoxification of CTX by gamma radiation at the neuromuscular level relies on the loss of its PLA(2) enzymatic activity. 2000 Elsevier B.V. Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the thermal shrinkage of titanium and the setting and thermal expansion of phosphate-boded investments

Statement of problem. There are few studies on titanium casting shrinkage, and phosphate-bonded investments for titanium casting have not produced appropriate marginal fit.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the thermal shrinkage of titanium and the setting and thermal expansion of 3 phosphate-bonded investments.Material and methods. The thermal shrinkage between the melting temperature and room temperature was calculated using a titanium thermal expansion coefficient. The thermal and setting expansion were measured for 3 phosphate bonded investments: Rematitan Plus (RP) specific for titanium, Rema Exakt (RE), and Castorit Super C (CA), using different special liquid concentrations (100%, 75%, and 50%). Setting expansion was measured for cylindrical specimens 50 mm long x 8 mm in diameter with a transducer. The heating and cooling curves were obtained with a dilatometer (DIL 402 PC). The total expansion curve was drawn using software, and temperatures to obtain expansion equivalent to titanium casting shrinkage were determined (n=5). In addition, the total expansion of the control group (RP at 430 degrees C) was measured, as well as the temperatures at which the other groups achieved equivalent total expansion (n=5). Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (alpha=.05).Results. Titanium casting shrinkage was estimated as 1.55%. RP did not achieve this expansion. RE achieved expansion of 1.55% only with a special liquid concentration of 100% at 594 degrees C. CA with all special liquid concentrations attained this expansion (351 degrees C to 572 degrees C). Total expansion of the control group was 0.86%, and the other groups reached that expansion within the range of 70 degrees C to 360 degrees C.Conclusions. Only RE and CA demonstrated sufficient expansion to compensate for titanium casting shrinkage. All groups reached total expansion equivalent to that of the control group at significantly lower temperatures.

NMR study of ion-conducting organic-inorganic nanocomposites poly(ethylene glycol) - Silica - LiClO4

Hybrid organic-inorganic ionic conductors, also called ormolytes, were obtained by dissolution of LiClO4 into silica/poly(ethylene glycol) matrices. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to probe the inorganic phase structure (Si-29) and the effects of the temperature and composition on the dynamic behavior of the ionic species (Li-7) and the polymer chains (H-1 and C-13). The NMR results between -100 and +90 degrees C show a strong correlation with ionic conductivity and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. The results also demonstrate that the cation mobility is assisted by segmental motion of the polymer, which is in agreement with the results previously reported for pure poly(ethylene oxide), PEG, electrolytes.

Structure and growth mechanism of CuO plates obtained by microwave-hydrothermal without surfactants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fractional order and dynamic simulation of a system involving an elastic wide plate

Numerous researchers have studied about nonlinear dynamics in several areas of science and engineering. However, in most cases, these concepts have been explored mainly from the standpoint of analytical and computational methods involving integer order calculus (IOC). In this paper we have examined the dynamic behavior of an elastic wide plate induced by two electromagnets of a point of view of the fractional order calculus (FOC). The primary focus of this study is on to help gain a better understanding of nonlinear dynamic in fractional order systems. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

The fractional and nonlinear magneto-flexible rod

This paper deals with a system involving a flexible rod subjected to magnetic forces that can bend it while simultaneously subjected to external excitations produces complex and nonlinear dynamic behavior, which may present different types of solutions for its different movement-related responses. This fact motivated us to analyze such a mechanical system based on modeling and numerical simulation involving both, integer order calculus (IOC) and fractional order calculus (FOC) approaches. The time responses, pseudo phase portraits and Fourier spectra have been presented. The results obtained can be used as a source for conduct experiments in order to obtain more realistic and more accurate results about fractional-order models when compared to the integer-order models. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

The fractional-nonlinear robotic manipulator: Modeling and dynamic simulations

In this paper, we applied the Riemann-Liouville approach and the fractional Euler-Lagrange equations in order to obtain the fractional-order nonlinear dynamics equations of a two link robotic manipulator. The aformentioned equations have been simulated for several cases involving: integer and non-integer order analysis, with and without external forcing acting and some different initial conditions. The fractional nonlinear governing equations of motion are coupled and the time evolution of the angular positions and the phase diagrams have been plotted to visualize the effect of fractional order approach. The new contribution of this work arises from the fact that the dynamics equations of a two link robotic manipulator have been modeled with the fractional Euler-Lagrange dynamics approach. The results reveal that the fractional-nonlinear robotic manipulator can exhibit different and curious behavior from those obtained with the standard dynamical system and can be useful for a better understanding and control of such nonlinear systems. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

Application of MLP and Kohonen networks for recognition of wear patterns of single-point dressers

Grinding is a parts finishing process for advanced products and surfaces. However, continuous friction between the workpiece and the grinding wheel causes the latter to lose its sharpness, thus impairing the grinding results. This is when the dressing process is required, which consists of sharpening the worn grains of the grinding wheel. The dressing conditions strongly affect the performance of the grinding operation; hence, monitoring them throughout the process can increase its efficiency. The objective of this study was to estimate the wear of a single-point dresser using intelligent systems whose inputs were obtained by the digital processing of acoustic emission signals. Two intelligent systems, the multilayer perceptron and the Kohonen neural network, were compared in terms of their classifying ability. The harmonic content of the acoustic emission signal was found to be influenced by the condition of dresser, and when used to feed the neural networks it is possible to classify the condition of the tool under study.

Influência da resposta vacinal contra o herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1) nos parâmetros reprodutivos de vacas receptoras de embrião

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)