CAPACIDADE DE ABSORCAO DE AGUA, OLEO E FORMACAO DE ESPUMA DA FARINHA E CONCENTRADO PROTEICO DE FEIJAO-GUANDU (CAJANUS FLAVUS DC.)

Pigeonpea protein concentrate was prepared from full-fat decorticated raw flour. The water holding capacity of pigeonpea flour of decorticated seeds is 75% and its oil absorption capacity a 30%. The water holding capacity of the protein concentrate is three times the dry weight. The oil absorption capacity of the concentrate was 1,29 mL oil/g protein. The whipping capacity of the pigeonpea flour and its protein concentrate were evaluated.

Capacidade combinatória para frutificação em cultivares de nogueira macadâmia

A 5 × 5 diallel experiment was conducted at Experimental Station of Tietê, SP, aiming to evaluate the combining ability amongst macadamia nut trees (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) cultivars IAC Campinas A, IAC 2-23 A, IAC 4-12 B, IAC 4-20 e IAC 5-10. The initial fruit set was evaluated 14 days after manual pollination and showed that every cultivar presented self incompatibility. There were significant general and specific combining ability amongst cultivars and reciprocal effects. The cultivar IAC Campinas A reduced the initial fruit set at all crossing in which was used as female progenitor. The best results for initial fruit set were showed by crossings between following cultivars: IAC 4-20 × IAC Campinas A, IAC 4-12 B × IAC 2-23 A, IAC 4-20 x× IAC 4-12 B, IAC 5-10 × IAC 2-23 A, IAC 5-10 × IAC 4-20, IAC 4-20 × IAC 2-23 A e IAC 5-10 × IAC 4-12 B.

Uso e conservação de Piper cernuum Vell. (Piperaceae) na Mata Atlântica: I. Fenologia reprodutiva e dispersão de sementes

The pariparoba (Piper cernuum Vell.), a native plant from the Atlantic Tropical Forest (ATF), has been commonly used in folk medicine. Works seeking the exploitation of P. cernuum natural populations need to be accomplished, seeking compatibility in obtaining income rates and preservation of ATF. The present work aimed to study the reproductive phenology and seed dispersal in P. cernuum natural population in the counties of Sete Barras/SP (Parque Estadual Intervales - PEI). The population of P. cernuum studied in PEI presented continuously bud-inflorescences, green-infrutescences and bud-inflorescence emission, with variation among individuals. Fruit-set average was of 9.1%, varying among individuals. Shading and foliar damage presented negative effect on the fruit-set. Three species of bats were identified as potential dispersors of the P. cernuum seeds: Carollia perspicillata, Anoura geoffroyi and Artibeus sp. The foragement strategy observed was the withdrawal of some seeds per infrutescence per flight. This strategy increases the potential in establishing new plants as well as in increase the potential of gene flow in comparison with the entire infrutescence plant eaten at the night perches. In consequence, the results of reproductive phenology and seed dispersal ecology presented in this work can help to establish management and conservation strategies of P. cernuum natural populations in the ATF.

Parâmetros geotécnicos e previsão da capacidade de carga de estacas apiloadas em solo tropical arenoso obtidos com o Pressiômetro Ménard

This paper presents and discusses Ménard Pressuremeter test results used to predict bearing capacity of pounded piles installed in a tropical sandy soil. Fifteen pre-bored pressuremeter tests were carried out at the Experimental Research Site from Unesp - Bauru up to 15 m depth, one test per meter. Several laboratory and in situ tests were carried out in this research site as well as load tests on plates and on piles. Pressuremeter test results were firstly analyzed to determine geotechnical soil parameters based on empirical methods, emphasizing the estimative of the earth pressure coefficient at rest (K0). After that, bearing capacity prediction of pounded piles with 4 m, 7 m and 10 m were made and compared with test results from instrumented load tests. Pressuremeter test results allowed a very good estimative of bearing capacity for the pile with 4 m length and underestimated in 25,7% and 20,0% the bearing capacity for the pile with 7 and 10 m length, respectively. The back analysis of the test results suggests that the appropriate value for the bearing capacity factor for the tested soil-pile system on this soil is equal to 2.

Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Syrigma sibilatrix (Ardeidae, Aves)

A nest (12.7 m height) of Syrigma sibilatrix was studied on the campus of UNESP Rio Claro (São Paulo, Brazil). The nest was in a fork in the tree Machaerium nyctitans (Leguminosae). Focal observations (n = 103 h) were carried out from 13 September 2004 to 1 November 2004. The male and female both participated in nest building, which took 37 days, mainly between 05:00h - 11:00h. Sticks for the nest were collected at the rate of 5.7 ± 3.4 sticks hour -1, most by the male. The nest included 197 sticks, and was a fl at platform with diameter = 75cm, and depth = 14 cm. A single egg was laid and was incubated (by both sexes) for 66h57 (92% of the time of permanence of the individuals in the nest). The egg was moved 97 times (1.34 times/hour). A strong storm caused the egg to fall, interrupting the study.

Utilização do primeiro ciclo ovulatório da estação reprodutiva para produção de embriões em éguas sob condições tropicais

The efficacy of the first ovulation of the breeding season was determined through the response of first pre-ovulatory follicle of the breeding season to hCG, embryo recovery rate, viability of recovered embryos, serum concentrations of progesterone, and response of first CL to PGF 2α. Thirteenth mares that were in vernal transition were accompanied until the first pre-ovulatory follicle was detected. At this moment, the ovulation was induced with 2,500 IU hCG (IV) and the mares were inseminated every other day until ovulation. Seven days after the ovulation, embryo recovery was performed and the progesterone concentration was determined. After detection of the first pre-ovulatory follicle of breeding season with ≥ 25mm, it took 14.92 ± 10.80 days for the follicle to reach the preovulatory size and 18.00 ± 11.08 days to ovulation. After administration of hCG, 11/13 mares ovulated in 48 hours. These follicles growth 2.19 ± 0.86 mm/day on average. Nine of 13 mares (69.2%) produced embryos and all were considered viable after morfological evaluation and fluorescence exams. The CL appeared competent producing 7.39 ± 2.11 ng/ml P 4 on average, and responding to PGF 2α. According to these results the first ovulatory cycle of the year can be utilized to produce viable embryos.

Cor, capacidade de retenção de água e maciez da carne de cordeiro maturada e injetada com cloreto de cálcio

Biceps femoris, Longissimus and Triceps brachii muscles from Morada Nova lambs were submitted to ageing and calcium chloride injection. Colour, water holding capacity and tenderness were studied. Lambs were slaughtered weighting 25kg.. The muscles presented differences in colour (lightness-L*, redness-a* and yellowness- b*) 24 hours after rigor mortis instalation. Ageing intensified redness of the meats. Calcium chloride did not modify the colour of Longissimus and Triceps brachii, however, Biceps femoris became more redness after receiving calcium chloride. In relation to water holding capacity, ageing affected meats from Triceps brachii. However, it did not affect Biceps femoris and Longissimus. The calcium chloride didn't modify the water holding capacity of the muscles. Ageing influenced tenderness of Biceps femoris and Longissimus.

Avaliação da capacidade imunoestimulante e da estabilidade de um probiótico empregado em rações de cães

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Geoprocessamento aplicado na distribuição espacial da capacidade de uso de uma microbacia

The present study aimed to show the spatial distribution of the Rochas watershed (Avaré-SP, Brazil) soil use capacity using the Idrisi geographical information system in order to contribute to a better territorial organization and the planning of the appropriate soil occupation. The obtained results using this methodology showed that most of the Rocha watershed areas are from the following groups: dystrophic yellow-red latosol (36.64%), eutroferric and distroferric red latosol (30.30%) with sandy texture. There was a predominance of areas with slope classes of 0-12%, plain to wavy relief (61.37% of the watershed area) showing that these areas are appropriate for annual culture plantations with wide use of machinery. Most of these areas were classified as class IV (73.79%) as to use capacity. In the studied area the following subclasses of land use capacity were found: IIe, s; IIIe; IVe; IVs; IVe,s; VIe and VIIe. Capacity subclasses IVe; IVe,s; IVs and Vie were the most significant because they are areas that can be used for agriculture but subject to severe soil impoverishment if there are no special care mainly for annual cultures. The Idrisi geographical information system was efficient to determine soil use capacity of the Rocha's watershed showing that the use of geoprocessing tools makes data analysis easier and faster, allowing digital data storage for future analysis uses mainly for territorial planning and environmental studies.

Sinalização visual e biologia reprodutiva de Dendropsophus werneri (Anura: Hylidae) em área de Mata Atlântica no estado do Paraná, Brasil

We studied the reproductive biology and visual signaling of Dendropsophus werneri, whose distribution is limited to the Atlantic Rain Forest. The fieldwork was carried out in the Estação 2 do IAPAR, municipality of Morretes, state of Paraná, Brazil, from August 2006 to March 2007. Additional information on reproduction was gathered in the Reserva Natural Salto Morato, municipality of Guaraqueçaba, state of Paraná, Brazil, from September 2006 to March 2007. Males were smaller than females. Males called throughout all the study period in Morretes, but were active only during three months in Guaraqueçaba; males called from low vegetation along the edge of temporary ponds in open areas. The visual signaling was observed in two contexts: (1) aggressive behaviors between two males and (2) during the reproduction, by amplectant males. In the territorial behavior, males exhibited both aggressive and mixed calls, visual signaling as well as physical combats. We also recorded satellite behavior in four males. The mean egg number per clutch was 244 ± 32 eggs, varying between 188 and 310 eggs. We observed two reproductive modes: Mode 1 and Mode 24. In the present study, Dendropsophus werneri showed elaborated social interactions involving visual signaling, territorial behavior, mating bahavior with tactile stimuli, and two different reproductive modes, demonstrating its complex reproductive biology.

Capacidade de carga real (ccr) da caverna de santana, parque estadual turístico do alto ribeira (Petar) - sp, e indicações para o seu manejo turístico

The tourist use of Santana cave provides a row of environmental damages, compromising partially the pristine conditions. Among the measures adopted to avoid this situation, this issue presents a contribution for the physical limits to tourist visitation and the indications for speleotouristic management. It was used the Cifuentes Carrying Capacity method and some basic principles of Visitors Impact Management Framework - VIM. The results show a Real Carrying Capacity (CCR) about 120 visits daily on the cave. The discussions raise a few hypotheses about the alteration in the method used and the temporal frequency between visitors groups, suggesting a provisional CCR of 117 and 135 visitors daily, respectively, during the week and in the weekends and holidays. The conclusions appoint the necessity of a conceptual revision in the Carrying Capacity methods, mainly about its adaptation for tourist management in caves. In the case studied, it is suggested the immediate beginning of environmental monitoring of the cave, to verify the plausibility from proposed visitation limits and the possible contributions for to mitigate the environmental impacts from speleotourism.

Sincronização do estro e da ovulação utilizando protocolos de curta duração durante a pré- estação reprodutiva em ovelhas Suffolk

This study was carried out with the objective of examining the effect of the short-term estrus synchronization protocol. Ewes were divided in four groups: Control Group (MAP sponges for 12 days, and eCG at withdrawal); Groups I, II and III used the sponge for four days, and 100 μg of PGF was applied at withdrawal; and additionally, Group I (0.1 mg of Estradiol benzoate - EB, in the sponge placement, and in the withdrawn 400 UI of eCG and 50 μg of GnRH 48h later); Group II (35 mg of injectable progesterone and 0.1 mg of EB in the sponge placement, and 400 UI of eCG at withdrawal, and 50 μg of GnRH 48h after); Group III (35 mg of injectable progesterone and 0.2 mg of EB in the sponge placement, and 400 UI of eCG at withdrawal, and 50 ?g of GnRH 56h after). Exams were accomplished for ultrasound and determine the plasmatic concentrations of progesterone and observations of the beginning the estrus and the ovulation. The lack of eCG in Group I caused this protocol to be less efficacious in induction and synchronization of estrus and ovulation. The Control Group had a greater synchronization of estrus and ovulation.

Notas sobre a biologia reprodutiva e alimentar de elasmobrânquios no Parque Estadual Marinho Parcel Manoel Luís, Maranhão - Brasil

Data on the reproductive and feeding biology of elasmobranchs from Manoel Luís Reefs, Maranhão State, Brazil. Nine species were recorded and evidences that the area is important for the reproduction and feeding activity of sharks and rays were obtained.

Resposta imune e capacidade de neutralização de anticorpos produzidos em ovinos jovens imunizados com veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus nativo e irradiado com Cobalto 60

The ELISA technique was used to evaluate and compare young ovine humoral immune response during crotalic antiserum production. Animals were clinically evaluated throughout this process, and the neutralizing capacity of antisera raised against natural (NV) and Cobalt-60 irradiated (IrV) venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) was verified by means of in vitro challenges. Three groups of six animals each were used: G1 received NV; G2 was inoculated with IrV; and G3 was used as control. Animals received six immunizations during 84 days at 14-day intervals. ELISA of antibody profile showed significant difference (p<5%) between experimental groups (G1