Uso de expressões orais durante a implementação do recurso de comunicação suplementar e alternativa

The literature has discussed the importance of early implementation of augmentative and alternative systems with people with various disabilities. This discussion is related to concerns about language acquisition and development within the various expressive possibilities. Researchers advise that starting intervention early through resources and procedures using augmentative and alternative communication does not impede speech acquisition and development. This paper aimed to describe oral expressive abilities during the implementation of augmentative and alternative communication with a student with cerebral palsy. An 11-year-old student with cerebral palsy participated in the augmentative and alternative communication program for two years. Twelve sessions were selected during the first year of the intervention. The sessions were filmed and the augmentative and alternative communication resource procedures were transcribed. The categories of analysis were defined as verbal expression; nonverbal expression and verbal and nonverbal expression associated. The results of this study identified that augmentative and alternative communication resources supported the use of verbal expression such as vocalizations, words and unintelligible oral expressions.

Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the use of toothpaste containing 1% chlorhexidine and the influence of motivation on oral hygiene in patients with motor deficiency

Patients with motor deficiency have variable difficulties with mechanical plaque control, and as a consequence, the incidence of dental caries and periodontal disease can be higher in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a toothpaste containing 1% chlorhexidine, which was used by patients with motor deficiency for 14 days. The reduction in plaque and gingival index and the impact on salivary microorganisms was evaluated. We conclude that the motivation of caregivers to carry out oral hygiene for patients with mental and motor deficiency is of great importance and is effective in reducing the formation of plaque as long as it is continuously reinforced. The use of chlorhexidine- containing toothpaste significantly reduced the plaque index and microorganism count between days 0 and 14. A reduction was also observed in the group that used a dentifrice without the chlorhexidine, but this difference was not significant. © 2010 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Late-onset sepsis: Epidemiology, evaluation, and outcome

Late-onset neonatal sepsis is a common serious problem in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units. Diagnosis can be difficult because clinical manifestations are not specific and none of the available laboratory tests can be considered an ideal marker. For this reason, a combination of markers has been proposed. Complete blood count and acute-phase reactants evaluated together help in diagnosis. C-reactive protein is a specific but late marker, and procalcitonin has proven accurate, although it is little studied in newborns. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine cultures always should be obtained when late-onset sepsis is suspected. Blood culture, the gold standard in diagnosis, is highly sensitive but needs up to 48 hours to detect microbial growth. Various cytokines have been investigated as early markers of infection, but results are not uniform. Other diagnostic tests that offer promise include: neutrophil surface markers, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, toll-like receptors, and nuclear factor kappa B. The greatest hope for quick and accurate diagnosis lies in molecular biology, using real time polymerase chain reaction combined withDNAmicroarray. Sepsis and meningitis may affect both the short- and long-term prognosis for newborns. Mortality in neonatal meningitis has been reduced in recent years, but short-term complications and later neurocognitive sequelae remain. Late-onset sepsis significantly increases preterm infant mortality and the risk of cerebral lesions and neurosensory sequelae, including developmental difficulties and cerebral palsy. Early diagnosis of late-onset sepsis contributes to improved neonatal prognosis, but the outcome remains far from satisfactory. © 2010 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Preeclampsia: Early and late neonatal outcomes

Newborn infants exposed to preeclampsia (PE) present increased short-term morbidity, mainly respiratory diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Gastrointestinal problems are also frequent, although a higher risk of necrotizing enterocolitis has not been confirmed. These problems could be related not just to PE itself but also to prematurity or intrauterine growth restriction, which frequently occur in this maternal disease. Other findings, however, seem to be due to the direct effect of the maternal disease; these findings include an increased frequency of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and a lower incidence of cerebral disorders, such as periventricularintraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral palsy. The evaluation of long-term outcome shows increasing evidence that PE has important implications for the future health of the mother and her child, suggesting that PE is not a simple gestational disorder but a clinical syndrome with an unclear etiology, a genetic component, and a complex pathophysiology. This syndrome involves important maternal and fetal vascular alterations that can persist and cause diseases in later life. The divergence in results on outcomes for children exposed to PE could, in part, be due to methodological differences in the studies, most of which are retrospective case-control studies. Better evidence on prognosis is obtained from cohort studies. Even in the cohort studies, differences in patient characteristics and severity of maternal disease, as well as sample size, follow-up time, and main outcome measures certainly contribute to the variability in results reported in the literature. © 2012 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.

Processo de prescrição e confecção de recursos de tecnologia assistiva para educação infantil

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Estudo comparativo do comportamento motor de membro superior em encefalopatas que fazem uso de pulseira estabilizadora

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Tradução e adaptação transcultural do Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities Questionnaire (CPCHILD©) para a lingua portuguesa do Brasil

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Educação especial: rememorando os caminhos escolares e formativos de um grupo de professores na cidade de Araraquara/SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo de vocábulos para proposta de instrumento de avaliação do vocabulário de crianças não-oralizadas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Recursos e estratégias da tecnologia assistiva a partir do ensino colaborativo entre os profissionais da saúde e da educação

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Tecnologia assistiva das salas de recursos multifuncionais: avaliação de dispositivos para adequação postural

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Padrões neuropatológicos nas substâncias branca e cinzenta revelados por tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética e déficits neurológicos correspondentes em crianças e com encefalopatia crônica não progressiva da infância

A Encefalopatia Crônica Não Progressiva da Infância (ECNP) é a sequela neurológica com maior comprometimento motor para a criança, e continua sendo na atualidade a hipóxicoisquemia perinatal a maior causa de lesão cerebral. É conhecida como Paralisia Cerebral, sendo definida por uma sequela de agressão encefálica, caracterizada, principalmente, por um transtorno persistente, mas não invariável do tônus, da postura e do movimento, que aparece na primeira infância. A caracterização da ECNP se faz considerando as condições anatômicas, etiológicas, semiológicas e não evolutiva. Neste estudo adotou-se a classificação baseada em aspectos anatômicos e clínicos, que enfatizam o sintoma motor, enquanto elemento principal do quadro clínico. A neuroimagem tem fundamental importância para o diagnóstico e prognóstico de lesões cerebrais, exercendo a importante função de descartar ou confirmar a presença de lesões em recém-nascidos e nas crianças com alterações no desenvolvimento. A Tomografia Cerebral (TAC) e a Ressonância Magnética do Crânio (RM) vêm desempenhando enorme papel para o estudo dos vários tecidos que constituem o sistema nervoso. Assim este estudo teve o objetivo geral de avaliar os padrões neuropatológicos nas substâncias branca e cinzenta, obtidos por TAC ou RM de Crânio, de pacientes com história clínica de ECNP hipóxico-isquêmica perinatal, correlacionando os dados obtidos por neuroimagem com os padrões motores obtidos por exame clínico-neurológico. Foram obedecidas as normas vigentes para estudo em seres humanos impostas pela Resolução CNS 196/96, submetida ao Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Plataforma Brasil sob o Nº 112168. A população foi constituída por pacientes com idade de zero a sete anos, de ambos os sexos, atendidos no Ambulatório de Paralisia Cerebral do Projeto Caminhar do Hospital Universitário Bettina Ferro de Souza (HUBFS), com diagnóstico de ECNP. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 15 crianças com diagnóstico de ECNP por Hipóxia neonatal. Para o diagnóstico radiológico em neuroimagem foram utilizados os dados dos laudos da TAC e da RM de Crânio. A avaliação clínico-neurológica utilizou para a avaliação do movimento o modelo da escala Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS E&R), elaborada por Palisano, que gradua a criança em cinco níveis no qual o Nível I corresponde à normalidade e o Nível V a maior gravidade de limitação. Das 15 crianças avaliadas quanto ao movimento e a relação do Nível de Motricidade pela GMFCS E&R 05 crianças apresentavam nível V, 04 crianças nível IV, 05 crianças nível III e 01 criança nível II. Quanto ao imageamento cerebral 46% realizaram TAC e 54% RM do Crânio. A RM de Crânio apresentou-se neste estudo como a imagem de eleição, pois das 8 crianças que realizaram o exame, 6 apresentavam alterações. Ficou evidente que o exame por imagem de eleição para a criança que apresenta Encefalopatia Crônica não Progressiva é a RM de Crânio, podendo se adotar como protocolo para a conclusão diagnóstica, evitando expor a criança a uma carga elevada de RX como ocorre na TAC, e ainda, evitando gastos desnecessários para a saúde pública.

Perfil de pacientes portadores de gastrostomia e o papel dos cuidadores no domicílio

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Estudo de vocábulos para avaliação de crianças com deficiência sem linguagem oral

Researchers in the field of Augmentative and Alternative Communication point out the lack of instruments for assessing children and young people with a complex communication needs. This study's focus is the selection of words for creating an instrument for the vocabulary range in non-speaking children aged two to eleven years and eleven months. Three studies were performed. The first study identified and described tools available for assessing receptive vocabulary and their respective word lists. The second identified and described research that presented word inventories or word lists. The third study identified the vocabulary reported by parents and teachers. The words that were identified in the three studies were analyzed according to: the number of times they occurred; the Picture Communication Symbols system classification; and a semantic and syntactic classification. Based on these studies the following criteria for vocabulary selection were established for word selection: the 45 words which appeared in all three studies, the words that occurred five times or more, considering the three studies, representing 167 (14.14%) words; the words identified in study one or two, but that had been reported by the families - 183 (19.37% out of 945 words) - or by teachers - 108 (11.43% out of 945 words). The word list was composed of 269 items, classified in 18 semantic and syntactic topics; it represents an initial tool for professionals in the field of health and education to set goals for beginning assessment of children and teenagers who are users of Augmentative and Alternative Communication systems.

Ingestão Oral e Grau de Comprometimento da Disfagia Orofaríngea Neurogênica Pré e Pós-Fonoterapia

Objective. To compare, pre- and post-swallowing therapy, the level of oral intake scale, and the degree of severity of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. Method. 19 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia: 10 Post-Stroke adults, aged from 44 years to 76 years (group 1 – G1), and nine children with Cerebral Palsy, aged from two years and five months to 15 years (group 2 – G2). We excluded individuals in the process of spontaneous recovery. We held retrospective analysis of clinical protocols for clinical speech therapy evaluation with classification of the degree of dysphagia severity, applied before and after swallowing therapy. We used the Functional Oral Intake Scale - FOIS to assess the level of oral ingestion, pre and post-swallowing therapy. Results. The degree of commitment of dysphagia was favorable change only in adults, and in FOIS these changes occurred in both groups. Conclusion. There were favorable changes in the degree of impairment of oropharyngeal dysphagia and levels of FOIS, pre and post - speech therapy in stroke, but in ECINP markers used showed no favorable changes should even be reviewed for application in this population. Future studies are needed to investigate the variables in this sample.