Differences Between Irish and Australian Psychiatric Nurses' Family Focused Practice in Adult Mental Health Services

Psychiatric nurses’ practice with parents who have mental illness, their children and families is an important issue internationally. This study provides a comparison of Irish and Australian psychiatric nurses’ family focused practices in adult mental health services. Three hundred and forty three nurses across Ireland and 155 from Australia completed the Family Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire. Cross-country comparisons revealed significant differences, in terms of family focused skill, knowledge, confidence and practice. Australian psychiatric nurses engaged in higher family focused practice compared to Irish nurses. The comparative differences between countries may be attributable to differences in training, workplace support and policy.

How Critical Care Nurses' Role and Education Affect Organ Donation

Organ and tissue dysfunction and failure cause high mortality rates around the world. Tissue and organs transplantation is an established, cost-effective, life-saving treatment for patients with organ failure. However, there is a large gap between the need for and the supply of donor organs. Acute and critical care nurses have a central role in the organ donation process, from identifying and assessing potential donors and supporting their families to involvement in logistics. Nurses with an in-depth knowledge of donation understand its clinical and technical aspects as well as the moral and legal considerations. Nurses have a major role to play in tackling organ and tissue shortages. Such a role cannot be adequately performed if nurses are not fully educated about donation and transplant. Such education could be incorporated into mandatory training and completed by all nurses.

Managing pain medications in long-term care: nurses' views

The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of their current practices related to administering pain medications to long-term care (LTC) residents. A cross-sectional survey design was used, including both quantitative and open-ended questions. Data were collected from 165 nurses (59% response rate) at nine LTC homes in southern Ontario, Canada. The majority (85%) felt that the medication administration system was adequate to help them manage residents' pain and 98% felt comfortable administering narcotics. In deciding to administer a narcotic, nurses were influenced by pain assessments, physician orders, diagnosis, past history, effectiveness of non-narcotics and fear of making dosage miscalculations or developing addictions. Finally, most nurses stated that they trusted the physicians and pharmacists to ensure orders were safe. These findings highlight nurses' perceptions of managing pain medications in LTC and related areas where continuing education initiatives for nurses are needed.

The impact of organisational factors and government policy on psychiatric nurses family focused practice with parents who have mental illness, their dependent children and families in Ireland

Government policy and organizational factors influence family focused practice in adult mental health services. However, how these aspects shape psychiatric nurses’ practice with parents who have mental illness, their dependent children and families is less well understood. Drawing on the findings of a qualitative study, this article explores the way in which Irish policy and organizational factors might influence psychiatric nurses’ family focused practice, and whether (and how) family focused practice might be further promoted. A purposive sample of 14 psychiatric nurses from eight mental health services completed semi-structured interviews in 2013. The analysis was inductive and presented as thematic networks. Both groups described how policies and organizational culture enabled and/or hindered family focused practice, with differences between community and acute participants seen. The need to develop national and international policies along with practices to embed information and support regarding parenting into ongoing care is implicated in this study.

Mental Health Nurses' Family Focused Practice with Parents who have Mental Illness, their Children and Families in Adult Mental Health Services in Ireland

Introduction: While it is recommended that mental health professionals engage in family focused practice (FFP), there is limited understanding regarding psychiatric nurses’ practice with parents who have mental illness, their children and families in adult mental health services.

Methods: This study utilized a mixed methods approach to measure the extent of psychiatric nurses’ family focused practice and factors that predicted it. It also sought to explore the nature and scope of high scoring psychiatric nurses’ FFP and factors that affected their capacity to engage in FFP. Three hundred and forty three psychiatric nurses in 12 mental health services throughout Ireland completed the Family Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire (FFMHPQ). Fourteen nurses who achieved high scores on the FFMHPQ also participated in semi-structured interviews.

Results: Whilst the majority of nurses were not family focused a substantial minority were. High scoring nurses’ practice was complex and multifaceted, comprising various family focused activities, principles and processes. Nurses’ capacity to engage in FFP was determined by their knowledge and skills, working in community settings and own parenting experience.

Conclusions: Generally, low levels of family focused practice suggest the need for organizations to develop and implement guidelines, policies and training to support mental health professionals to adopt a whole family approach.

O primeiro ensino clínico no percurso formativo do estudante de enfermagem

A formação do estudante de enfermagem em ensino clínico reveste-se de uma importância singular pelo contacto e vivência de situações em contexto, por lhe proporcionar a aquisição, o desenvolvimento e a consolidação de conhecimentos e competências em vários domínios, assim como de socialização com a profissão. O primeiro ensino clínico pelas actividades em contexto com os profissionais de saúde e os utentes é um período de transição particularmente marcante em termos formativos. Nele frequentemente acontece a ruptura nas suas concepções de formação e de aprendizagem, tornando-se num momento de confronto com uma formação que prepara para a incerteza e imprevisibilidade. Nesta investigação pretendemos compreender o que acontece neste período de aprendizagem, partindo da seguinte questão central de investigação: Que significado tem o primeiro ensino clínico no percurso formativo do estudante de enfermagem? O estudo desta questão exigiu o recurso a uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa baseada na estratégia estudo de caso na sua vertente multicasos. Seleccionámos três casos de estudo respectivamente do 1º, do 2º e 3º anos do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem de três planos de estudos de Escolas Superiores de Enfermagem. O caso é constituído por um grupo de estudantes no primeiro ensino clínico hospitalar, enfermeiros e docentes que os orientam. Desenvolvemos uma etnometodologia em que privilegiámos a observação no terreno com participação directa do investigador, recolha documental, entrevistas etnográficas e semi-estruturadas aos vários intervenientes. A análise da informação reunida processou-se pela análise de conteúdo dos dados obtidos num percurso recursivo entre as várias fontes com apoio do programa informático Nvivo 7. Concluímos que o primeiro ensino clínico: é um período de formação estruturante, com forte impacto pela transição que se opera na postura do estudante perante a aprendizagem, pelas propriedades (trans)formativas que as vivências em contexto encerram, independentemente do ano do Curso em que este acontece; a preparação prévia dos estudantes modeliza os domínios da aprendizagem e a profundidade em que ocorre; aprendem de um modo fragmentado sem conseguirem integrar os vários domínios do conhecimento na acção; os estudantes do 1º ano dão mais significado à destreza e rapidez na realização de intervenções prescritas e à aplicação dos princípios teóricos aprendidos; a orientação dos enfermeiros, tutores e docentes é fundamental na mobilização, para a acção, dos conhecimentos teóricos ou na sua aquisição; a vivência das situações em contexto e o ambiente relacional estão entre os factores mais influentes; a prática orientada com atenção individualizada, questionamento, análise e reflexão em díade supervisor-aluno, são fundamentais no desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico; ser supervisor deve ser assumido pelo docente e pelo enfermeiro ou tutor como um trabalho de articulação e proximidade com e no contexto onde o ensino clínico decorre; a resposta adequada às funções específicas de supervisão exige participação activa de equipas de enfermagem mais preparadas e hierarquicamente apoiadas; o docente pelo conhecimento dos estudantes, dos fins e objectivos da formação, pelos desafios e exigência que coloca tem um papel insubstituível. No percurso da investigação novas questões emergiram nomeadamente no que se prende com: os modelos de articulação entre instituições de saúde e escolares; com a formação dos supervisores e; o papel dos pares no início da aprendizagem dos estudantes em contexto clínico.

Effekte der Umstellung von Diplomstudiengängen auf Bachelor und Master auf die Evaluation des Studiums

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