Analysis of the electronic structure, hyperfine structure, and volume isotope shifts in the low lying states of BA I and BA II

Relativistic multi-configuration Dirac Fock (MCDF) wavefunctions coupled to good angular momentum J have been calculated for low lying states of Ba I and Ba II. These wavefunctions are compared with semiempirical ones derived from experimental atomic energy levels. It is found that significantly better agreement is obtained when close configurations are included in the MCDF wavefunctions. Calculations of the electronic part of the field isotope shift lead to very good agreement with electronic factors derived from experimental data. Furthermore, the slopes of the lines in a King plot analysis of many of the optical lines are predicted accurately by these calculations. However, the MCDF wavefunctions seem not to be of sufficient accuracy to give agreement with the experimental magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole hyperfine structure constants.

State dependent volume isotope shift analysis of the low lying states of Ba I and Ba II

Relativistic multi-configuration Dirac-Fock wavefunctions, coupled to good angular momentum J, have been calculated for low lying states of Ba I and Ba II. The resulting electronic factors show good agreement with data derived from recent high-resolution laser spectroscopy experiments and results from a comparison of muonic and optical data.

Ba??l de libros : experiencia de colaboraci??n entre una librer??a y la escuela

La Librer??a Abracadabra de Avil??s colabora con los centros p??blicos de la comarca con la propuesta de un ba??l de libros que recorre las escuelas promoviendo una nueva actividad de fomento de la lectura. Se narra la experiencia, coordinada desde el Centro del Profesorado y de Recursos de Avil??s, y se enlaza al archivo pdf con el listado de los cuentos seleccionados que, en esta ocasi??n, van dirigidos a ni??os de 3 a 6 a??os.

PU(MM)BA (2004).

Monográfico con el título: I Jornadas de Educación Infantil 'la emoción de aprender: una visión de la Educación Infantil desde la metodología de proyectos'

A educação básica em Inhambupe - BA: um estudo avaliativo sobre as políticas públicas no município (2001 – 2005)

Historicamente a educação brasileira esteve em segundo plano, por isso gerou um sistema deficiente e insatisfatório para a formação de um sujeito livre, consciente de ser cidadão com deveres e direitos dentro da sociedade. No contexto nacional se insere a problemática educacional do município de Inhambupe/BA que apresentou, em 2005, o segundo pior índice quanto ao nível de formação de seus discentes. Na tentativa de identificar as razões pelas quais no período de 2001 a 2005, o sistema educacional de Inhambupe aplicou políticas educacionais que não detiveram os resultados esperados, como é o caso da aceleração e dos ciclos, o objetivo específico deste trabalho é caracterizar o sistema educacional de Inhambupe para compreender os dados constatados pelo IDEB, identificando os recursos aplicados, pois a manutenção do projeto pedagógico requer investimentos elevados, quer no material ou na formação do humano. Os alunos que frequentaram as unidades escolares foram oriundos da área urbana e da zona rural. A maioria das escolas do Ensino Fundamental é administrada pela prefeitura, entre as quais se destacou a Escola Ponte Real, instituição onde foi realizada a pesquisa empírica, e para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa e no decorrer da pesquisa de campo foi permitido o acesso àqueles que vivenciaram a formação do problema. Analisou-se o aspecto histórico, por entender ser essencial saber o contexto em que as políticas educacionais foram adotadas pela gestão municipal. A formação destas contou com a participação de múltiplas concepções de mundo e, muitas vezes, visam os interesses de uma pequena parte da sociedade que ficaram subentendidos na elaboração da escrita das políticas, as quais não contaram com profissionais detentores do conhecimento necessário para realização da prática. Os professores tinham dificuldades em lidarem com a aprendizagem de seus alunos, mesmo porque aqueles não tinham preocupação com sua própria formação, assim, o parecer do como a aprendizagem acontece era limitado. Quanto aos diretores e coordenadores não tinham o conhecimento exigido por lei para assumirem a função. Durante o estudo realizado foi possível perceber que os critérios adotados pelas políticas educacionais representaram implicações diretas para o insucesso educacional constatado entre os discentes de Inhambupe, visto não serem seus objetivos perseguidos, bem como a maioria dos professores utilizou-se de métodos tradicionais que deixaram os educandos em segundo plano, estes se interessavam cada vez menos pela escola e o conhecimento adquirido não foi suficiente para tomar posicionamento na sociedade contemporânea

Educação sem instrução promove a cuia mão : um estudo sobre as relações entre o ensino médio e o mercado de trabalho em Inhambupe - BA

O presente estudo insere-se na problemática da Educação e desenvolvimento humano: escola, cidadania e mundo do trabalho. Procurou-se realizar algumas reflexões teóricas sobre as relações entre educação e trabalho e entre a inserção dos jovens na PEA – População Economicamente Ativa no contexto escolar. Analisou-se, em geral, a história da Educação no Brasil, especificamente a do Ensino Médio, as políticas educativas que promovem a educação pública no país e as contribuições desta na formação do aluno para o mercado de trabalho. O estudo foi realizado nas turmas de terceiro ano do Ensino Médio nos turnos matutino e noturno, e nas empresas geradoras de empregos. Com este estudo pretendeu-se analisar os motivos e os condicionantes presentes no processo educativo do Ensino Médio que favorecem a entrada dos alunos concluintes no mercado de trabalho, destaca-se a preocupação na obtenção de uma qualificação que favorecesse a sua entrada e permanência no processo produtivo bem como a sustentabilidade, cidadania e continuidade na formação educacional. A Metodologia utilizada é do Estudo de Caso com os métodos quantitativo e qualitativo. O estudo foi realizado utilizando-se do método qualitativo, um estudo de caso, no qual o ponto de vista das pessoas pesquisadas foi de grande importância na investigação, além de leitura da literatura especializada e a realização de entrevistas. Assim, foi possível perceber que insatisfação acompanhada da desmotivação relaciona-se com o baixo rendimento apresentado pelos alunos concluintes do Ensino Médio nas questões de conhecimento especifico por disciplinas, demonstrando que o investimento nos estudos não é objetivo para o momento, mas a busca por emprego é prioridade, pois com o salário é possível promover o sustento e, posteriormente, a continuidade nos estudos, priorizando cursos técnicos em detrimento de cursos universitários.

Educação ambiental nas series finais do ensino fundamental II no Municipio de Itambe-BA

RESUMO: Nesta dissertação apresenta-se um estudo de caso integrado que tem por objetivo analisar como a temática ambiental é desenvolvida nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental II nas escolas públicas do Município de Itambé- Bahia. Esta investigação discorre a relação do homem - natureza, concepções de meio ambiente e sustentabilidade; retrata a educação ambiental no Ensino Fundamental e suas tendências pedagógicas. Este trabalho foi realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2010 em duas escolas localizadas na zona urbana do município de Itambé-BA. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionários aplicados a 180 alunos do 8º e 9º ano; entrevistas semiestruturadas com 20 professores, análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico e observação direta. Os resultados apontaram que há uma prática da Educação Ambiental voltada ao preservacionismo; a maioria dos educadores realiza a sua prática docente de forma individual, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento da EA. Inferimos que os professores necessitam de formação em educação ambiental, pautadas em uma visão crítica, percebendo o meio ambiente dentro de todas as suas dimensões e complexidades e que a Secretaria Municipal de Educação fortaleça o desenvolvimento dessa temática, a fim de executar ações voltadas ao cuidado com a natureza e a vida humana. Palavras-chave: educação ambiental, meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável, Ensino Fundamental, prática pedagógica. ABSTRACT: This dissertation presents an integrated case study that aims to analyze how the environmental theme is developed in the final grades of primary education in public schools II of Itambé-Bahia. This research discusses the relationship of man - nature, conceptions of environment and sustainability; portrays environmental education in elementary education and its pedagogical trends. This work was carried out from August to December 2010 in two schools located in the urban area of Itambé-BA. Data were obtained through questionnaires given to 180 students of 8th and 9th grade, semi-structured interviews with 20 teachers, analysis of the Political Pedagogical Project and direct observation. The results showed that there is a practice of environmental education to conservatism, most educators place their teaching practice individually, which hinders the development of EA. We infer that teachers need training in environmental education, rooted in a critical view, seeing the environment in all its dimensions and complexities and that the City Department of Education strengthen the development of this theme in order to perform actions directed care with nature and human life.

Separation of Ba-137m from Cs-137 using new ion exchanger Na-2(H2O)(4)(H3O)[Al(OH)(6)Mo6O18]

A new polyoxometalate of chemical formula, Na-2(H2O)(4)(H3O)[Al(OH)(6)Mo6O18] (1) containing Anderson type large anion has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination and IR spectroscopic studies. The crystal of 1 is triclinic, spacegroup P-1 with cell dimensions, a = 6.365(9) angstrom, b = 10.37(1) angstrom, c = 10.44(1) angstrom and alpha = 65.41(1), beta = 77.18(1), gamma = 86.58(1) and Z = 1. The compound 1 behaves as an ion exchanger and is stable in thermal, radiation and chemical environments. Radiochemical separation of the short-lived daughter Ba-137m (t(1/2) = 2.50 min) from its long-lived parent Cs-137 using this newly designed and synthesized ion exchanger has been developed.

Adapting brief Behavioural Activation (BA) for adolescent depression: a case example

There is an increasing evidence base for the effectiveness of Behavioural Activation in treating adult depression; however, there has been little investigation of using this approach with adolescents. This article reports on the adaptation of brief Behavioural Activation for Depression (BATD) for adolescents (BATD-A). A case study is reported to illustrate the brief structured approach, treatment response as indicated by routine outcome measures, and the family’s view of the intervention. The adaptations made to the adult BATD manual are discussed including parental input, adapted values and activities, and engagement issues. It is hoped that following further evaluation, BATD-A could be successfully delivered as a low-intensity intervention for depression.

Optical and dielectric relaxor behaviour of Ba(Zr(0.25)Ti(0.75))O(3) ceramic explained by means of distorted clusters

In this work, Ba(Zr(0.25)Ti(0.75))O(3) ceramic was prepared by solid-state reaction. This material was characterized by x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. The temperature dependent dielectric properties were investigated in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The dielectric measurements indicated a diffuse phase transition. The broadening of the dielectric permittivity in the frequency range as well as its shifting at higher temperatures indicated a relaxor-like behaviour for this material. The diffusivity and the relaxation strength were estimated using the modified Curie-Weiss law. The optical properties were analysed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements at room temperature. The UV-vis spectrum indicated that the Ba(Zr(0.25)Ti(0.75))O(3) ceramic has an optical band gap of 2.98 eV. A blue PL emission was observed for this compound when excited with 350 nm wavelength. The polarity as well as the PL property of this material was attributed to the presence of polar [TiO(6)] distorted clusters into a globally cubic matrix.

Phase-transition studies of Ba(0.90)Ca(0.10)(Ti(1-x)Zr(x))O(3) ferroelectric ceramic compounds

Perovskite-structured Ba(0.90)Ca(0.10)(Ti(1-x)Zr(x))O(3) ceramics were prepared in this work and subsequently studied in terms of composition-dependent dielectric and high-resolution long-range order structural properties from 30 to 450 K. The dielectric response of these materials was measured at several frequencies in the range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. Combining both techniques, including Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data, allowed observing that, when increasing Zr(4+) content, the materials change from conventional to diffuse and relaxor ferroelectric compounds, the transition occurring spontaneously at the x = 0.18 composition. Interestingly, this spontaneous transition turned out to be prevented for a further increase of Zr(4+). On the basis of all the dielectric and structural results processed, a phase diagram of this system is presented. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Structure and optical properties of [Ba(1-x)Y(2x/3)](Zr(0.25)Ti(0.75))O(3) powders

[Ba(1-x)Y(2x/3)](Zr(0.25)Ti(0.75))O(3) powders with different yttrium concentrations (x = 0, 0.025 and 0.05) were prepared by solid state reaction. These powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform Raman scattering (FT-RS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption near-edge (XANES) spectroscopies. The optical properties were investigated by means of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Even with the addition of yttrium, the XRD patterns revealed that all powders crystallize in a perovskite-type cubic structure. FT-RS and FT-IR spectra indicated that the presence of [YO(6)] clusters is able to change the interaction forces between the O-Ti-O and O-Zr-O bonds. XANES spectra were used to obtain information on the off-center Ti displacements or distortion effects on the [TiO(6)] clusters. The different optical band gap values estimated from UV-vis spectra suggested the existence of intermediary energy levels (shallow or deep holes) within the band gap. The PL measurements carried out with a 350 nm wavelength at room temperature showed that all powders present typical broad band emissions in the blue region. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Zr- AND Ba-RICH MINERALS FROM THE PONTE NOVA ALKALINE MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC MASSIF, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL: INDICATION OF AN ENRICHED MANTLE SOURCE

Zirconium- and Ba-rich minerals are found in gabbroic rocks from the Ponte Nova alkaline mafic-ultramafic massif in southeastern Brazil. The unusual mineralogical assemblage includes zirconolite, baddeleyite, Ba-rich alkali feldspar, and Ba- and Ti-rich biotite. Zirconolite of the Ponte Nova massif has higher levels of Zr (up to 1.172 apfu) than those registered in other terrestrial rocks and a prominent enrichment in the light rare-earth elements. Baddeleyite contains small quantities of Hf, Ti, and Fe. The Ba-rich alkali feldspar and Ba- and Ti-rich biotite contain up to 9.25 and 7.35 wt% BaO, respectively, and the biotite contains up to 12.01 wt% TiO(2). In the different intrusions of the Ponte Nova massif, such an unusual assemblage typifies the residual magma after the crystallization of clinopyroxene and olivine from previously enriched basanitic parental magma. The different trends of enrichments in REE and Th + U found for zirconolite of the intrusions of the Ponte Nova massif provide a better understanding of the variable degrees of enrichment of incompatible elements of the distinct gabbroic bodies. A lithospheric mantle source enriched in incompatible elements by the metasomatic action of volatile-rich fluids and with the presence of phlogopite or amphibole (or both) and other minor accessory phases could explain the presence of the Zr- and Ba-rich minerals in this gabbroic massif.

Leakage current, ferroelectric and structural properties in Pb(1-x)Ba(x)TiO(3) thin films prepared by chemical route

Single-phase perovskite structure Pb(1-x)Ba(x)TiO(3) thin films (x = 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70) were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO(2)/Si substrates by the spin-coating technique. The dielectric study reveals that the thin films undergo a diffuse type ferroelectric phase transition, which shows a broad peak. An increase of the diffusivity degree with the increasing Barium contents was observed, and it was associated to a grain decrease in the studied composition range. The temperature dependence of the phonon frequencies was used to characterize the phase transition temperatures. Raman modes persist above tetragonal to cubic phase transition temperature, although all optical modes should be Raman inactive. The origin of these modes was interpreted in terms of breakdown of the local cubic symmetry by chemical disorder. The absence of a well-defined transition temperature and the presence of broad bands in some interval temperature above FE-PE phase transition temperature Suggested a diffuse type phase transition. This result corroborates the dielectric constant versus temperature data, which showed a broad ferroelectric phase transition in these thin films. The leakage Current density of the PBT thin films was studied at different temperatures and the data follow the Schottky emission model. Through this analysis the Schottky barrier height values 0.75, 0.53 and 0.34 eV were obtained to the PBT70, PBT50 and PBT30 thin films, respectively. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Family Novel in the Emerging Nation-State: A Comparative Study of Ba Jin’s Jia and Lev Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina

The theme of family in literature and in popular discourse occurs at times when the family as an institution is under attack. Attacks against the family coupled with defence of the family are viewed as the barometer of people’s satisfaction with the society in which they live. This outpouring of emotion, whether it is in defence of or attacking the family, is the result of the family’s position on the bridge between nature and society – a fortunate (or a detrimental) link between an individual and the units that make up a society. Across the United States and much of the western world, the battle for gay marriage and inclusive civil unions has revealed the fissures in our collective moral view of the family. The conservative concern about the absence of ‘family values’ is magnified by our situation in a world of flux. Inflation, war, terrorist threats, and the depletion of natural resources are but a few examples. When so much is unknown, how do we position ourselves? What anchors us to the past, gives us comfort in the present, and supports us in the future if not the family? Alternatively, what coddles us more in the past, shackles us more to the present, and lulls us more into a fixed conception of the future than the family? My research is not a sociological survey into the family nor does it stake any claims to understanding the present state of the family in society. The study seeks, however, to shed light on the rhetorical uses of the family by analysing two novels that are inextricably concerned with the theory of the family in times of heightened social change. In particular, my research focuses upon the social role and political meaning of the family in Anna Karenina and Jia.