Efeito de extratos da alga marinha caulerpa mexicana em modelos de inflama����o em murinos

The regulation of the inflammatory response is essential to maintain homeostasis. Several studies have been performed to search new drugs that can contribute to avoiding or minimizing an excessive inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of green algae Caulerpa mexican in models of inflammation. In mice, the model of peritonitis induced inflammatory zymosan pretreatment of mice with aqueous and methanol extracts of C. mexican was able to reduce cell migration to the peritoneal cavity. Treatment of mice with extracts of C. mexican also reduced the ear edema induced by xylene and exerted inhibitory action on the migration of leukocytes in inflammation-induced zymosan the air pouch, and timedependent for the extracts tested in the model of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS 3%, the extract methanol, but not the aqueous C. mexican, significantly reduced the clinical symptoms of colitis, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the culture of mouse colon, in the histological analysis there was a slight reduction of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. We concluded that the administration of the extracts resulted in the reduction of cell migration to different sites as well as reducing the edema formation induced by chemical irritant. This study demonstrates for the first time the antiinflammatory effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts from green marine algae Caulerpa mexican

Biologia populacional de Emerita brasiliensis Schmitt (Crustacea, Hippidae) na Praia Vermelha do Norte, Ubatuba (S��o Paulo, Brasil)

Emerita brasiliensis Schmitt, 1935 is a common mole crab called tatu��ra in Brazil, with distribution from Esp��rito-Santo State (Brazil) to Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). Specimens were collected bimonthly from May/1992 through March/1993 with 4mm siffers mesh, in the intertidal region at Vermelha do Norte Beach, Ubatuba, S��o Paulo, Brazil. The animals were sexed and measured with a precision caliper of 0.1 mm (Cl = carapace length). Males presented cl amplitude from 3.4-17.3mm (13.2��2.1mm), and females from 13.8-26.3mm (20.5��1.8mm), showing a well-defined sexual dimorfism for this variable. The population presented a smaller incidence of males in relation to females (0.54:1.00), however in May/1992 an inverse pattern occurred (1.84:1.00). Ovigerous females were present in all samples with exception of May and September/1992 with greater frequencies in July/1992 and January/1993. It is probable that female maturity occurs is reached with 17mm CL, the smallest size in wich ovigerous females were found.

Morfologia floral e biologia reprodutiva de gen��tipos de aceroleira

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Biologia populacional comparada de duas esp��cies de heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em um ambiente sazonal de floresta atl��ntica do nordeste brasileiro

Tropical environments often face strong seasonal variations in climate, such as alternate periods of dry and rain, that may often be important influence in the annual X the organisms lives. Here we assess how population dynamics of two butterfly species (Heliconius erato and Heliconius mepomene) respond to environmental and seasonal variations. A mark-release-recapture study carried out in an Atlantic forest reserve, 15 Km from Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for 3 years, during the dry and rainy season, with three visits weekly done. Information such as species, wing lenght, site of capture, pollen load and phenotype (number of spots) (in H. erato only) were noted for each capture. Seasonal variation exists in capture rates of the two species, with great capture rates during the rainy season. Despite finding differences in the mean density of individuals of the two species among the different collection areas, this difference was only significant between floodplain and central areas, and no influence of seasonality was observed in the mean density between the areas. Seasonality in wing size was only observed for H. erato, with larger wings during the rainy season. Females carried larger pollen loads than males both species, but species were similar. Only males differed seasonally, with larger pollen loads during the rainy season. The distribution of the number of wing spots did not vary between the dry and rainy seasons, and the number of spots in males and females was similar. Therefore, we conclude that there was a strong influence of seasonal variation in the population dynamic of the two Heliconius species, as well as in several aspects of their biology

Influ��ncia de gen��tipos de couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) na biologia de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influ��ncia de alguns gen��tipos de couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) no desenvolvimento de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Os gen��tipos avaliados foram: Manteiga de Ribeir��o Pires I-2620, Roxa I-919, Manteiga de S��o Jos��, Manteiga de Monte Alegre, Pires 2 de Campinas, Couve Comum, Couve de Arthur Nogueira 2, Couve de Arthur Nogueira 1. Lagartas rec��m-eclodidas foram mantida em discos foliares de 8 cm de di��metro para cada gen��tipo. Foram analisados os seguintes par��metros: dura����o e viabilidade das fases larval e pupal, longevidade e fecundidade de adultos, utilizando an��lises param��tricas e de agrupamentos para interpreta����o dos dados. Observou-se um prolongamento em dias no ciclo de P. xylostella, aumento no peso de pupa e maiores valores de viabilidade e fecundidade, durante a segunda gera����o. O gen��tipo Couve de Arthur Nogueira 2 foi menos favor��vel ao desenvolvimento de P. xylostella nas duas gera����es, e Couve Comum demonstrou maior influ��ncia negativa ao inseto na segunda gera����o. Manteiga de Ribeir��o Pires I-2620 foi o mais suscet��vel nas duas gera����es, agrupando com este na segunda gera����o Pires 2 de Campinas e Manteiga de S��o Jos��.

Efeito de gen��tipos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.) e da densidade larval na biologia de Dione juno juno (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Objetivou-se estudar em laborat��rio a biologia de Dione juno juno (Cramer), determinando-se os efeitos da densidade larval e da alimenta����o das larvas com folhas de nove gen��tipos de maracujazeiro. Foram analisados a dura����o, o peso e a viabilidade das fases larval e pupal e a longevidade dos adultos sem alimento. Verificou-se que a densidade de cinco lagartas por recipiente proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento do inseto do que uma e dez lagartas. Passiflora alata e P. setacea apresentaram resist��ncia do tipo n��o-prefer��ncia para alimenta����o e/ou antibiose, enquanto o h��brido P. alata2 x P. macrocarpa apresentou n��o-prefer��ncia para alimenta����o, possivelmente associada �� presen��a de compostos qu��micos com alto grau de repel��ncia a D. juno juno ou a supressores de alimenta����o.

Biologia de Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Heteroptera: Tingidae) e a rela����o de suas exig��ncias t��rmicas com a flutua����o populacional em seringueira

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Dificuldades na aprendizagem dos conte��dos de Biologia: evid��ncias a partir das Provas de M��ltipla Escolha do Vestibular da UFRN (2001-2008)

Los estudios cerca de las dificultades en el aprendizaje del contenido de la biolog��a han sido foco de la investigaci��n diversa que si ten corido a partir de la d��cada de setenta del siglo pasado, en consecuencia al movimiento de las concepciones alternativas (MCA). El estudio que se presenta, se atan con el Departamento de Educa����o da UFRN - Base de Pesquisa Forma����o e Profissionaliza����o Docente, como parte do projeto de pesquisa - A passagem do Ensino M��dio a UFRN: estudos sobre o acesso, a perman��ncia e a qualidade do Ensino M��dio. Los objetivos de esto investigaci��n, hab��an consistido en el identificar del contenido explorado en las cuestiones de las Pruebas de la opci��n m��ltiple del Vestibular de UFRN para el cual los candidatos hab��an demostrado dificultad en el aprendizaje; para analizar si el contextualiza����o de la pregunta y la presencia de elementos no-literales que hab��an influenciado en el aumento de la dificultad de la pregunta e identificar los errores m��s frecuentemente por los candidatos en estas pruebas. La tesis si configura en dos dimensiones: 1 - El contenido explorado en las Pruebas del Vestibular de la UFRN si distribuya uniformemente a trav��s de los a��os; sendo priorizados procedimentos que exigem demanda cognitiva diversificadas na solu����o de problemas; 2- Nessas provas, os resultados dos candidatos, en relaci��n con el ��ndice de Aproveitamento, indican la existencia de ��reas en las quales hay d��ficit del aprendizaje; qu�� envolucran las dificultades en aprender el contenido. Los datos de la investigaci��n hab��an sido recogidos al partir de las pruebas de la biolog��a y de la inicial abstracta selectiva de los informes prove��do para el COMPERVE/UFRN, del ��ltimo los ocho a��os (2001-2008). En la direcci��n alcanzar a los objetivos considerados para este estudio, contenta hab��a sido construido a las categor��as del an��lisis - (temas, subtemas y procedimientos); ��ndice de aproveitamento; contextualiza����o de la pregunta; estructura de la pregunta y el error. Los resultados, qu�� si configur��n de los an��lisis de las ocho pruebas del vestibular de la UFRN y los sesenta y cientos envolvement mil, seiscientos y sesenta y cinco candidatos que le hab��an contestado; demuestran eso: los temas y los subtemas de la biolog��a para los cuales las dificultades en aprender si est�� tenido divulgado sea - gen��tica (hibridismo; fen��tipo y genotipo; Leyes de Mendel), biotecnolog��a (transg��nicos; c��lula-tronco) y citolog��a (qu��mica de la vida; divisi��n celular; membranas) y los procedimientos - identificar, analizar la situaci��n y aplicar concepto, para correlacionar y para interpretar el gr��fico; los quais n��o exigem uma alta demanda cognitiva na solu����o dos problemas. La presenc��a de situa����es contextualizadas e de gr��ficos en las questiones de las pruebas influenciou en el aumento dos niveles dificuldade da of quest��o para a maioria dos candidatos, reiterando as of dificuldades of observadas na of aprendizagem dos procedimentos. Los errores principales cometidos para los candidatos hab��an consistido en no reconocimiento del est��ndar de la herencia del g��nica - mendelian y despu��s de-Mendel; no del reconocimiento de los acontecimientos de la divisi��n celular y de las t��cnicas en biotecnolog��a. ��stos hab��an reflejado las dificultades en aprender del contenido para alg��n contenido y en otros sugieren que tuviera la expresi��n de los conceptos alternativos que los estudiantes construyen en los conceptos. Los resultados se��alan la necesidad de una revisi��n de las preguntas inherentes did��cticas-metodol��gicas a la educaci��n del contenido para las cuales las dificultades en aprender si hay tenido presentado

Biologia de Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) em cultivaresde couve-flor

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Biologia de aphis gossypii em plantas infectadas pelo v��rus do mosaico das nervuras do algodoeiro

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Biologia de Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae) e sua potencialidade de preda����o sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de cultivares de algodoeiro sobre a biologia e capacidade predat��ria de Orius Insidiosus (say, 1832) (hemiptera: anthocoridae) predando Aphis Gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The objective of this research was to determine the survival, reproduction and predaceous capacity of Orius insidiosus on cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. Cotton plants of Antares, CNPA7H and Acala 90 cultivars (respectively, without tricome, medium tricome density and high tricome density) were individualized and infested with 15 third/fourth instar nymphs of A. gossypii, and then first-instar nymphs of O. insidiosus were released on the plants. The evaluations were made daily, quantifying survival and nymphal development; the number of cotton aphids A. gossypii per day and total; the number of eggs and the population of the predator (number of insects by female); and the conversion efficiency of A. gossypii predaceous. The nymphal development did not differ according to the cotton cultivars. The Antares cultivar favored a higher daily predation rate for the 1st, 2nd and 4th instars and adults of O. insidiosus. The number of eggs and nymphs was smaller when O. insidiosus females were confined on the Acala 90 cultivar. According to the predation rate of O. insidiosus, the efficiency of alimentary conversion was determined for the Antares, CNPA7H and Acala 90 cultivars, being respectively, 4.28, 3.00 and 2.75 cotton aphid predation for each egg of the predator.

Dietas artificiais incorporadas ou n��o a colmos triturados de variedades de cana-de-a����car na biologia de Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

It was studied the incorporation or not of shredded stems of sugarcane varieties to artificial diets and their effect in the biology of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Department of Plant Protection of FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal, S��o Paulo, Brazil, in 2007, using diets with different amounts of their components (100, 75, 25 e 25% of concentration of the standard diet). The experiment had a complete randomized design in a 4x3 factorial scheme, using 4 concentrations of diets and three treatments, in a total of 12, with 6 replications. The larval, pupal an total periods and viability were evaluated, as well as the larval weight at 15 days, the pupal weight after 24 hours and the longevity of adults without feeding. The diet with 25% concentration of the components compared to the standard diet had a negative effect in the development of D. saccharlis larvae. Shredded dry stalks incorporated or not to the diet affected only the larval and pupal weight whereas the larval weight was more affected when the resistant (RB83-5486) and susceptible (SP80-3280) varieties due to the use of diet with 50% of its components. The diet with 100% concentration of its components are more favorable to the development of D. saccharalis, with 25% while that is less favorable. The diet with 100% concentration of the components associated with the presence of SP80-3280 (susceptible) stem variety provides greater larval weight. The weights of larvae and pupae of insects are negatively affected when RB83-5486 (resistant) shredded dry stem variety is incorporated into the diet. regarding to larval weight the diet with 50% of the concentration of its components provides better discrimination between genotypes resistant and susceptible to sugarcane borer.

Sistema inteligente para detec����o de manchas de ��leo na superf��cie marinha atrav��s de imagens de SAR

Oil spill on the sea, accidental or not, generates enormous negative consequences for the affected area. The damages are ambient and economic, mainly with the proximity of these spots of preservation areas and/or coastal zones. The development of automatic techniques for identification of oil spots on the sea surface, captured through Radar images, assist in a complete monitoring of the oceans and seas. However spots of different origins can be visualized in this type of imaging, which is a very difficult task. The system proposed in this work, based on techniques of digital image processing and artificial neural network, has the objective to identify the analyzed spot and to discern between oil and other generating phenomena of spot. Tests in functional blocks that compose the proposed system allow the implementation of different algorithms, as well as its detailed and prompt analysis. The algorithms of digital image processing (speckle filtering and gradient), as well as classifier algorithms (Multilayer Perceptron, Radial Basis Function, Support Vector Machine and Committe Machine) are presented and commented.The final performance of the system, with different kind of classifiers, is presented by ROC curve. The true positive rates are considered agreed with the literature about oil slick detection through SAR images presents

Biologia do psil��deo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) em Eucalyptus spp.

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)