Utilização de escória granulada de fundição (EGF) em blocos de concreto para pavimentação

Pesquisas de ordem ambiental têm sido objeto de estudos de diversas áreas do conhecimento. No âmbito da Engenharia Civil, o foco tem se voltado no gerenciamento e redução do volume de resíduos gerados, bem como no aprimoramento dos materiais e sistemas utilizados. Conseqüência direta disso são os recentes avanços no desenvolvimento de novos materiais e no aproveitamento de resíduos de outros setores produtivos como subprodutos de valor agregado na cadeia produtiva da construção civil. Desse modo, estudar as possibilidades de reciclagem de resíduos em materiais de construção adquire uma nova dimensão, que extrapola a intenção pura e simples de desenvolver um novo produto. Dentro de uma abordagem holística, deve-se pensar em trabalhos que envolvam reciclagem como contribuintes na criação de subprodutos com valor agregado, bem como suscitadores de discussões mais amplas de desenvolvimento sustentado. O setor de blocos de concreto para pavimentação, por sua vez, tem demonstrado um grande potencial de expansão de mercado, tanto na pavimentação de vias de tráfego intenso como também na urbanização de cidades como elementos de paisagismo. Feitas tais considerações, este trabalho objetiva avaliar as potencialidades de utilização de escórias granuladas de fundição, resíduos da produção de ferro fundido, aqui denominadas EGF, na fabricação de blocos intertravados de concreto para pavimentação A partir de contextualização do tema, procura-se avaliar as vantagens da EGF nestes blocos, como substituição parcial do cimento e também como substituição parcial do agregado miúdo. Para ambas as situações, foram realizados ensaios de resistência mecânica à compressão, desgaste por abrasão e absorção de água, em concretos com diferentes teores de substituição (10, 30 e 50%). O teor de 10% de EGF como substituição parcial de cimento foi o que mais se aproximou do desempenho dos blocos referência. Os resultados também demonstram que não há diferenças significativas entre os blocos referência e o blocos com EGF, quanto ao desgaste por abrasão e absorção de água.

Construção de um índice de sustentabilidade ambiental para a agroindústria paulista da cana-de-açúcar (ISAAC)

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de construção de um índice de sustentabilidade ambiental para a agroindústria paulista da cana-de-açúcar – ISAAC. Tal proposta é motivada pela busca de sustentabilidade para a cadeia produtiva da cana, cujo energético principal, o etanol, é exigido, mundialmente, como biocombustível produzido em base socioeconômica responsável, proveniente de fonte renovável, ambientalmente limpa e redutora de emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa – GEE. Este estudo faz um diagnóstico da produção de cana, açúcar e álcool, bem como da bioenergia gerada no Estado de São Paulo, em 16 Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos – UGRHI[s], nas quais a agroindústria da cana-de-açúcar é significativa economicamente. O trabalho também aponta o ranking de produção das 164 usinas que operaram na safra 2007/2008, indica a ocupação do solo e a vegetação nativa nos 462 municípios canavieiros e inventaria, dentre outros, a geração de resíduos, as emissões de GEE, o uso da água, os postos de trabalho e o valor da produção. A pesquisa projeta ainda uma estimativa de custos para se mitigar, no horizonte de 30 anos, algumas externalidades negativas e realiza uma breve conceituação de responsabilidade socioambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável. Para o desenvolvimento do índice, empregou-se a metodologia Pressão-Estado-Resposta – PER, da Organização de Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômicos – OCDE, a partir da escolha de um conjunto de 30 indicadores, avalizados por meio de seis atributos de seleção e dez princípios norteadores. Na valoração ponderada dos subíndices, foram considerados o atual nível de conhecimento, a percepção acerca da sustentabilidade e as características próprias das UGRHI[s] estudadas. O conjunto dos indicadores e subíndices assim construído é apresentado à consulta das partes interessadas, via Câmara Ambiental Sucroalcooleira, da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo – CETESB e Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas – CBH, em razão da forma participativa de atuação destes colegiados. Vislumbra-se que a CETESB implemente institucionalmente o ISAAC, por meio de relatório de sustentabilidade, o qual poderá se consolidar como instrumento eficaz da gestão ambiental da agroindústria da cana-de-açúcar.

Investigação de concretos afetados pela reação álcali-agregado e caracterização avançada do gel exsudado

A crescente preocupação com a qualidade e durabilidade das estruturas de concreto tem gerado grandes avanços na tecnologia do concreto, porém existem muitas questões ligadas aos processos de deterioração ainda a serem esclarecidas. Entre os vários processos que afetam a durabilidade do concreto, encontra-se a reação álcali-agregado (RAA), um fenômeno bastante complexo, mas que foi descoberto há muitos anos, porém responsável por ter afetado mais de 140 barragens no mundo. Ainda não se dispõe de uma maneira totalmente eficiente e econômica de combater a reação, uma vez instalada no concreto. A presente pesquisa aborda, do ponto de vista científico e tecnológico, o tema RAA. A investigação se deu em três etapas. Na primeira, o objetivo principal foi estudar aproximadamente cem testemunhos de concreto, provenientes de uma estrutura de usina hidrelétrica já afetada pela RAA, e verificar o reflexo desta patologia nas suas propriedades como a resistência à compressão, à tração, módulo de elasticidade, velocidade de pulsos ultra-sônicos e permeabilidade. Em conjunto, foram realizados ensaios para avaliar expansões residuais e investigações microscópicas com o objetivo de verificar os agentes causadores da reação. Na segunda etapa, o agregado quartzito, proveniente da região da usina hidrelétrica avaliada, foi estudado, desde análises microscópicas, ensaios de expansão em argamassas e concretos até a determinação das propriedades de concretos confeccionados em laboratório. As propriedades avaliadas foram as mesmas dos testemunhos. Nas duas primeiras etapas realizadas, o papel do lítio também foi abordado com o objetivo de verificar a sua eficiência no combate a RAA Por fim, na terceira etapa, foi realizado um amplo estudo do gel exsudado coletado na superfície do concreto da estrutura deteriorada pela RAA. O estudo envolveu desde a sua simples caracterização através da determinação de suas propriedades até uma caracterização avançada fazendo-se o emprego de técnicas como a difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, análise térmica, espectroscopia no infravermelho e espectroscopia de ressonância nuclear magnética. Nesta etapa, o lítio também foi abordado com o objetivo de se verificar o seu efeito no gel exsudado. Os resultados com os testemunhos de concreto indicam que houve reflexos negativos em algumas propriedades devido a RAA, destacando o módulo de elasticidade. Verificou-se ainda a existência de expansões residuais nos testemunhos de concreto extraídos quando expostos a determinadas condições ambientais. Nos ensaios de expansão com os testemunhos, o lítio se mostrou capaz de reduzir em parte as expansões residuais nos testemunhos de concreto estudados. Adicionalmente, o agregado quartzito provou ser bastante reativo, chegando a expansões de 0,24% nas argamassas pelo método acelerado e 0,09% nos prismas de concreto, nas idades de 16 e 365 dias, respectivamente. Entre as propriedades estudadas nos concretos moldados, e atacados em laboratório, verificou-se também que o módulo de elasticidade foi a propriedade mais afetada no tempo. Ainda o lítio nesta etapa também mostrou algum efeito positivo nas expansões. No estudo do gel exsudado, foi possível caracterizá-lo como um silicato de potássio hidratado com grande potencialidade para expandir. A partir principalmente da ressonância nuclear magnética, verificou-se que o potássio faz parte da estrutura do gel enquanto que o sódio se apresenta combinado na forma de trona, um produto cristalizado que se encontra segregado na rede do silicato de potássio amorfo. O lítio em contato com o gel se mostrou capaz de afetar a sua estrutura através das alterações observadas por ressonância nas ligações do silício.

Gestão Metropolitana: sua construção a partir de duas experiências de associativismo territorial na região metropolitana de Curitiba

Desde a Constituição de 1988, a gestão metropolitana no Brasil se encontra em processo de construção. A maior dificuldade tem sido superar a dicotomia entre a metrópole funcional e a metrópole institucional. Como as regiões metropolitanas não são geridas como unidades territoriais, prevalece a lógica da metrópole segregada, pelas óticas social, cultural ou política. Imersos neste campo-tema, considerando que, por um lado, não existe gestão metropolitana no Brasil e, por outro, que há significativo desenvolvimento de práticas de associativismo territorial se ocupando de gerir políticas setoriais, elegemos como objetivo desta tese o responder a seguinte questão: Experiências de associativismo territorial na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba têm contribuído para a construção de práticas de gestão metropolitana? Como? Por quê? As experiências estudadas foram a do Conselho Gestor dos Mananciais (CGM) e a do Consórcio Intermunicipal para a Gestão dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (CONRESOL). Para tanto, estabelecemos outras questões (mais específicas) como centrais à tese, a saber: 1) O que há de cooperação nas experiências estudadas?; 2) Por que há cooperação intermunicipal? (o motivo da ação); 3) Como se estabeleceu o processo de geração e mobilização de conhecimento para a identificação de problemas, para a formulação de alternativas e para a decisão pela solução? e; 4) Existe gestão metropolitana? Por que (sim ou não)? Compuseram os enredos desta tese as narrativas auferidas por meio de entrevistas abertas, de registros (produzidos por variados institutos e centros de pesquisa – IBGE, IPARDES e Observatório das Metrópoles) e oriundas de documentos e da revisão de literatura sobre o tema. Ao construirmos os enredos sobre as histórias da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC), do CGM e do CONRESOL, constatamos que, embora não exista gestão metropolitana na RMC, as referidas experiências têm contribuído para a sua construção, por trabalharem com políticas intersetoriais, constituírem vínculos intermunicipais e disseminarem a percepção de unidade territorial metropolitana.

Construção de modelos de interação in silico e in vitro do inibidor do tipo Kunitz de Adenanthera pavonina L. para as enzimas cisteínicas e serínicas

Serines proteinases inhibitors (PIs) are widely distributed in nature and are able to inhibit both in vitro and in vivo enzymatic activites. Seed PIs in than leguminous are classified in seven families, Bowman-Birk and Kunitz type families that most studied representing an important role in the first line of defense toward insects pests. Some Kunitz type inhibitors possess activities serine and cysteine for proteinases named bifunctional inhibitor, as ApTKI the inhibitor isolate from seed of Adenanthera pavonina. The A. pavonina inhibitor presenting the uncommon property and was used for interaction studies between proteinases serine (trypsin) and cysteine (papain). In order to determinate the in vitro interaction of ApTKI against enzymes inhibitor purification was carried cut by using chromatographic techniques and inhibition assays. The 3D model of the bifunctional inhibitor ApTKI was constructed SWISS-MODEL program by homology modeling using soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI, pdb:1ba7), as template which presented 40% of identity to A. pavonina inhibitor. Model quality was evaluated by PROCHECK program. Moreover in silico analyzes of formed complex between the enzymes and ApTKI was evaluated by HEX 4.5 program. In vitro results confirmed the inhibitory assays, where the inhibitor presented the ability to simultaneously inhibit trypsin and papain. The residues encountered in the inhibitor model of folder structural three-dimensional that make contact to enzymes target coud explain the specificity pattern against serine and cysteine proteinases

Análise do comportamento reológico de pastas de cimento contendo resíduos de pneu para poços de petróleo

The low tenacity presented by the Portland cement pastes used in the oil wells cementation has been motivating several researches with attention focused on alternative materials. Additives have been developed to generate flexible pastes with mechanical resistance capable to support the expansions and retractions of the metallic covering of the wells that submit to the steam injection, technique very used to increase the recovery factor in oil reservoirs with high viscosity. A fresh paste with inadequate rheological behavior may commit the cementation process seriously, involving flaws that affect the performance of the paste substantially in the hardened state. This work proposes the elaboration and the rheological analysis of Portland cement pastes with addition of residues of rubber tire in several proportions, with the aim of minimizing the damages provoked in the hem cementing of these wells. By thermogravimetric analysis, the particles of eraser that go by the sieve of 0,5mm (35 mesh) opening and treated superficially with NaOH solution of 1 mol/L presented appropriate thermal resistance for wells that submit to thermal cyclic. The evaluation of the study based on the results of the rheological analysis of the pastes, complemented by the mechanical analysis, thickening, stability, tenor of free water and filtrate loss, being used as parameter a paste reference, without rubber addition. The results showed satisfactory rheology, passive of few corrections; considerable loss of mechanical resistance (traction and compression), compensated by earnings of tenacity, however with established limits for its application in oil wells; satisfactory stability, free water and thickening time

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de compósitos poli(tereftalato de etileno) reciclado (PET reciclado) com flocos de vidro.

The growing concern with the solid residues management, observed in the last decade, due to its huge amount and impact, has motivated the search for recycling processes, where these residues can be reprocessed to generate new products, enlarging the cycle of materials and energy which are present. Among the polymeric residues, there is poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). PET is used in food packaging, preferably in the bottling of carbonated beverages. The reintegration of post-consumer PET in half can be considered a productive action mitigation of environmental impacts caused by these wastes and it is done through the preparation of several different products at the origin, i.e. food packaging, with recycling rates increasing to each year. This work focused on the development and characterization mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, dynamic mechanical thermal and morphology of the pure recycled PET and recycled PET composites with glass flakes in the weight fraction of 5%, 10% and 20% processed in a single screw extruder, using the following analytical techniques: thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile, Izod impact, Rockwell hardness, Vicat softening temperature, melt flow rate, burn rate, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of thermal analysis and mechanical properties leading to a positive evaluation, because in the thermograms the addition of glass flakes showed increasing behavior in the initial temperatures of thermal decomposition and melting crystalline, Furthermore was observed growing behavior in the mechanical performance of polymer composites, whose morphological structure was observed by SEM, verifying a good distribution of glass flakes, showing difference orientation in the center and in the surface layer of test body of composites with 10 and 20% of glass flakes. The results of DMTA Tg values of the composites obtained from the peak of tan ä showed little reductions due to poor interfacial adhesion between PET and recycled glass flakes.

Construção de um aparato experimental para monitoramento in situ da deposição de filmes finos de titânio por magnetron sputtering

The technique of surface coating using magnetron sputtering is one of the most widely used in the surface engineering, for its versatility in obtaining different films as well as in the micro / nanometric thickness control. Among the various process parameters, those related to the active species of the plasma are of the most fundamental importance in the mechanism and kinetics of deposition. In order to identify the active species of the plasma, parameters such as gas flow, pressure and density of electric power were varied during titanium coating on glass substrate. By flowing argon gas of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 sccm (cubic centimeters per minute) for each gas flow a sequential scan of the electric current of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 , 0.50 A. The maximum value of 0.50 A was chosen based both on literature data and on limitations of the equipment. The monitoring of plasma species present during the deposition was carried out in situ by the technique of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) through the spectrometer Ocean Optics USB2000 Series. For this purpose, an apparatus was developed to adapt the OES inside the plasma reactor to stay positioned closest to the target. The radiations emitted by the species were detected by an optical fiber placed behind the glass substrate and their intensities as a function of wavelength were, displayed on a monitor screen. The acquisition time for each condition of the plain parameters was related to the minima of spectral lines intensities due to the film formed on the substrate. The intensities of different emission lines of argon and titanium were then analyzed as a function of time, to determine the active species and estimate the thickness of the deposited films. After the deposition, the coated glasses thin films were characterized by optical transmittance through an infrared laser. It was found that the thickness and deposition rate determined by in situ analysis were consistent with the results obtained by laser transmittance

Estudo da substituição de agregados miúdos naturais por pó de pedra em concreto de cimento portland

The sharp consumption of natural resources by the construction industry has motivated numerous studies concerning the application of waste to replace partially or fully, some materials, such as aggregates, thereby reducing the environmental impact caused by the extraction of sand and crushing process. The application of stone dust from crushing process arising as an aggregate for the production of Portland cement concrete is a viable alternative in view of the high cost of natural sands, in addition to the environmental damage which causes its operation to the environment. The stone dust has reduced cost compared to natural sand because it is produced in the beds of their own quarries, which are usually located close to major urban centers. This study examined the feasibility of using stone dust from the crushing of rock gneisses in the state of Bahia, replacing natural quartz sand. In the development of scientific study was conducted to characterize physical and chemical raw materials applied and molded cylindrical specimens , using as reference values Fck 20, Fck 25 and Fck 30 MPa ( resistance characteristic of the concrete after 28 days) in following compositions stone powder: 10%, 30%, 50 %, 100% and 100% with additive. The specimens were cured and subjected to the tests of compressive strength and water absorption, then the samples were subjected to the tests of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained showed that the composition with 10% stone powder showed the best results regarding the physical and mechanical tests performed, confirming the reduction in compressive strength and increased water uptake increased as the content of the powder stone in the concrete composition

Estudo sobre as potencialidades de compósitos à base de gesso e fibras de coco seco para aplicação na construção civil

The use of gypsum, one of the oldest building materials for the construction industry in the country has been experiencing a significant and steady growth, due to its low cost and some of its properties that confer comparative advantage over other binder materials. Its use comprises various applications including the coating of walls and the production of internal seals and linings. Moreover, the fibers are being increasingly incorporated into arrays fragile in an attempt to improve the properties of the composite by reducing the number of cracks, the opening of the same and its propagation velocity. Other properties, depending on the function of the component material or construction, among these thermal and acoustic performances, are of great importance in the context of buildings and could be improved, that is, having better performance with this embodiment. Conduct a comparative study of physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustic composite gypsum incorporating dry coconut fiber, in the form of blanket, constituted the main objective of this work. Improving the thermal and acoustic performances of precast gypsum, used for lining and internal vertical fences of buildings, was the purpose of development of these composites. To evaluate the effect of fiber content on the properties of the composites were used to manufacture the composite layer with different thicknesses. The composites were fabricated in the form of plates with dimensions of 500x500x24mm. To facilitate the comparative study of the properties were also made with material gypsum boards only. We then determined the physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustical plaster and composites. The results indicated that the composites were significant gains in relation to thermal performance and also acoustic, in certain frequency range, increasing the thickness of the blanket. Concerning other physical-mechanical properties, the results showed that although the compressive strength was lower than for the composite did not occur after a fracture catastrophic failure. The same trend was observed with regard to resistance to bending, since the composites have not suffered sudden rupture and still continued after the load supporting point of maximum load

Avaliação do efeito da adição de resíduo de borracha de pneu e brita calcária na formulação de compósitos cimentíceos

Researches have shown that the introduction of rubber in concrete improves the features of its deformability, as well as contributes to environmental disposal of waste generated in the tire retreading process. Furthermore, there is a high availability of limestone within RN and CE country. Ignorance about this stone, does not allow its wide use as aggregate, leaving, this abundant supply idle. A composite of limestone gravel, with proportions of tire rubber waste which could be used as concrete would be an alternative to concrete for low applications. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the characteristics of concrete containing limestone gravel and proportions of little aggregate replacement (sand) by tire rubber waste. To this goal, the material components of the concrete were characterized, concrete specimens with limestone gravel were made, from the dash 1.0: 2.5: 3.5, varying the water/cement ratio, and inserting a commercial plasticizer, without a proportion of residue, known as reference. From this, concrete with and without the presence of the additive in the same proportions were chosen, as well as these with the use of granite gravel, for being the most used. Selected the references, to these, replacements of little aggregate (sand) were added replaced by rubber waste from the tire retreading process, treated with 1M NaOH in proportions from 5.0 to 20.0 % by mass, cured and exposed to the semiarid environment. The results indicate the possibility of using limestone gravel in the concrete composition with workability correction using plasticizer. There was a decrease in the mechanical properties of the concrete with increments of waste rubber, but there is an improvement in toughness and deformability of the composite, which makes it interesting for the construction of non-structural concrete floors, as well as, the rubber waste delayed the hardening process, continuing to gain resistance after 28 days

Influência da substituição de areia natural por pó de pedra no comportamento mecânico, microestrutural e eletroquímico de concretos

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural raw materials, and concrete is considered today the most used material wide. This accentuated consumption of natural resources has generated concern with the preservation of the environment, and has motivated various studies related to the use of resid ues, which can partially or entirely substitute, with satisfactory performance, some materials such as the aggregate, and in so doing, decrease the impact on the environment caused by the produced residues. Research has been done to better understand and improve the microstructure of concrete, as well as to understand the mechanism of corrosion in reinforced steel. In this context, this work was developed aiming at discovering the influence of the substitution of natural sand by artificial sand, with rega rd to mechanical resistance, microstructure, and durability. To obtain the electrochemical parameters, an adaptation was made to the galvanostatic electrochemical method to study the corrosion in reinforced steel. Concretes of categories 20 MPa and 40 MPa were produced, containing natural sand, and concretes of the same categories were produced with artificial sand substituting the natural sand, and with the addition of sodium nitrate and sodium chloride. Due to the use of rock dust reject (artificial sand), an evaluation was made of its environmental risk. The results indicate that the concretes of category 20 MPa present a better performance than the concrete made with natural sand, thus making it a viable substitute. For the category 40 MPa, the better performance is from the concrete containing natural sand. The adaptation of the galvanostatic electrochemical technique to the study of the corrosion of reinforced steel within concrete proved to be valid for obtaining electrochemical parameters with a high degree of reliability, considering the number of degrees of freedom

Pirólise térmica e catalítica de resíduos de vácuo gerados no refino de petróleo

In this study, was used a very promising technique called of pyrolysis, which can be used for obtaining products with higher added value. From oils and residues, since the contribution of heavier oils and residues has intensified to the world refining industry, due to the growing demand for fuel, for example, liquid hydrocarbons in the range of gasoline and diesel. The catalytic pyrolysis of vacuum residues was performed with the use of a mesoporous material belonging the M41S family, which was discovered in the early 90s by researchers Mobil Oil Corporation, allowing new perspectives in the field of catalysis. One of the most important members of this family is the MCM-41, which has a hexagonal arrangement of mesopores with pore diameters between 2 and 10 nm and a high specific surface area, making it very promising for use as a catalyst in petroleum refining for catalytic cracking, and their mesopores facilitate the access of large hydrocarbon molecules. The addition of aluminum in the structure of MCM-41 increases the acidity of the material, making it more positive for application in the petrochemical industry. The mesoporous material of the type Al-MCM41 (ratio Si / Al = 50) was synthesized by hydrothermal method starting from the silica gel, NaOH and distilled water added to the gel pseudobohemita synthesis. Driver was used as structural CTMABr. Removal of organic driver (CTMABr) was observed by TG / DTG and FTIR, but this material was characterized by XRD, which was observed the formation of the main peaks characteristic of mesoporous materials. The analysis of adsorption / desorption of nitrogen this material textural parameters were determined. The vacuum residues (VR's) that are products of the bottom of the vacuum distillation tower used in this study are different from oil fields (regions of Ceará and Rio de Janeiro). Previously characterized by various techniques such as FTIR, viscosity, density, SARA, elemental analysis and thermogravimetry, which was performed by thermal and catalytic degradation of vacuum residues. The effect of AlMCM-41 was satisfactory, since promoted a decrease in certain ranges of temperature required in the process of conversion of hydrocarbons, but also promoted a decrease in energy required in the process. Thus enabling lower costs related to energy expenditure from degradation during processing of the waste

Análise de Argamassas Com Substituição Parcial do Cimento Portland Por Cinza Residual de Lenha de Algaroba

With the increase in cement consumption, it has quickly become one of the inputs most consumed by mankind over the last century. This has caused an increase in CO2 emissions, as cement production releases large quantities of this gas into the atmosphere. Adding this fact to the growing consciousness of environmental preservation, it has led to a search for alternatives to cement to complement its derivatives, in the form of waste materials like the ashes. This research aimed to analyze the properties of mortars in fresh and hardened state with partial replacement of Portland cement by residual algaroba wood ash (CRLA) potteries produced by the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The CRLA was collected and sieved, where part of it was ground and characterized in comparison with that just sifted, being characterized according to its chemical composition, grain size, fineness, density, bulk density and index of pozzolanic activity. It was found that the wood ash does not act as pozzolan, and grinding it has not changed its characteristics compared to those just sifted, not justifying its use. Two traces were adopted for this research: 1:3 (cement: fine sand) and 1:2:8 (cement: hydrated lime: medium sand); both in volume, using as materials the CRLA just sifted, CP II F-32 Portland cement, CH-I hydrated lime, river sand and water from the local utility. For each trace were adopted six percentages of partial replacement of cement for wood ash: 0% (control) 5%, 7%, 10%, 12% and 15%. In the fresh state, the mortars were tested towards their consistency index and mass density. In the hardened state, they were tested towards their tensile strength in bending, compressive strength and tensile adhesion strength, and its mass density in the hardened state. The mortar was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, it was classified according to NBR 13281 (2005). The results showed that up to a content of 5% substitution and for both traces, the residual algaroba wood ash can replace Portland cement without compromising the mortars microstructure and its fresh and hardened state

Estudo da viabilidade da utilização de cinza de lodo de esgoto como adição em argamassa de cimento Portland

The use of sewage sludge as a raw material falls within the waste recycling key in the current process model environmental sustainability .Waste recycling has been consolidated as a sustainable environmentally sound technical solution, and. Despite showing very variable composition and characteristics, sewage sludge, can be considered as a residue with a high recycling potential in the building sector. In this paper the feasibility of using sewage sludge ash was studied in addition to Portland cement mortar in 1:3 mass considered the standard dash. This gray additions were studied in proportions of 5%, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25% and 30% by mass of cement. The methodology was focused on the characterization of materials by physical, chemical , mechanical , environmental and morphological followed by the production of mortar tests ,and finalized by the characterization tests of mortar in the fresh state, through the consistency index, content of entrained air, bulk density and water retention, and in the hardened state by bulk density, water absorption by capillarity capillarity coefficient, compressive strength, tensile strength in bending ,tensile bond strength and microstructural analysis for percentages of 0 to 20%. After comparing with the standard mortar mortars with addition of ash, it is concluded that the ash of sewage sludge did not impair the integrity and properties of mortars with addition, including increasing resistance to compression and tension, being 20% more indicated percentage. Thus, it becomes feasible the addition of sewage sludge ash in Portland cement mortar for the trait studied