941 resultados para AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Proces
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We apply the cognitive hierarchy model of Camerer et al. (Q J Econ 119(3):861-898, 2004)-where players have different levels of reasoning-to Huck et al. (Games Econ Behav 38:240-264, 2002) discrete version of Hamilton and Slutsky (Games Econ Behav 2:29-46, 1990) action commitment game-a duopoly with endogenous timing of entry. We show that, for an empirically reasonable average number of thinking steps, the model rules out Stackelberg equilibria, generates Cournot outcomes including delay, and outcomes where the first mover commits to a quantity higher than Cournot but lower than Stackelberg leader. We show that a cognitive hierarchy model with quantal responses can explain the most important features of the experimental data on the action commitment game in (2002). In order to gauge the success of the model in fitting the data, we compare it to a noisy Nash model. We find that the cognitive hierarchy model with quantal responses fits the data better than the noisy Nash model.
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We extend Deligne's weight filtration to the integer cohomology of complex analytic spaces (endowed with an equivalence class of compactifications). In general, the weight filtration that we obtain is not part of a mixed Hodge structure. Our purely geometric proof is based on cubical descent for resolution of singularities and Poincar-Verdier duality. Using similar techniques, we introduce the singularity filtration on the cohomology of compactificable analytic spaces. This is a new and natural analytic invariant which does not depend on the equivalence class of compactifications and is related to the weight filtration.
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Abstract This doctoral thesis concerns the active galactic nucleus (AGN) most often referred to with the catalogue number OJ287. The publications in the thesis present new discoveries of the system in the context of a supermassive binary black hole model. In addition, the introduction discusses general characteristics of the OJ287 system and the physical fundamentals behind these characteristics. The place of OJ287 in the hierarchy of known types of AGN is also discussed. The introduction presents a large selection of fundamental physics required to have a basic understanding of active galactic nuclei, binary black holes, relativistic jets and accretion disks. Particularly the general relativistic nature of the orbits of close binaries of supermassive black holes is explored with some detail. Analytic estimates of some of the general relativistic effects in such a binary are presented, as well as numerical methods to calculate the effects more precisely. It is also shown how these results can be applied to the OJ287 system. The binary orbit model forms the basis for models of the recurring optical outbursts in the OJ287 system. In the introduction, two physical outburst models are presented in some detail and compared. The radiation hydrodynamics of the outbursts are discussed and optical light curve predictions are derived. The precursor outbursts studied in Paper III are also presented, and tied into the model of OJ287. To complete the discussion of the observable features of OJ287, the nature of the relativistic jets in the system, and in active galactic nuclei in general, is discussed. Basic physics of relativistic jets are presented, with additional detail added in the form of helical jet models. The results of Papers II, IV and V concerning the jet of OJ287 are presented, and their relation to other facets of the binary black hole model is discussed. As a whole, the introduction serves as a guide, though terse, for the physics and numerical methods required to successfully understand and simulate a close binary of supermassive black holes. For this purpose, the introduction necessarily combines a large number of both fundamental and specific results from broad disciplines like general relativity and radiation hydrodynamics. With the material included in the introduction, the publications of the thesis, which present new results with a much narrower focus, can be readily understood. Of the publications, Paper I presents newly discovered optical data points for OJ287, detected on archival astronomical plates from the Harvard College Observatory. These data points show the 1900 outburst of OJ287 for the first time. In addition, new data points covering the 1913 outburst allowed the determination of the start of the outburst with more precision than was possible before. These outbursts were then successfully numerically modelled with an N-body simulation of the OJ287 binary and accretion disc. In Paper II, mechanisms for the spin-up of the secondary black hole in OJ287 via interaction with the primary accretion disc and the magnetic fields in the system are discussed. Timescales for spin-up and alignment via both processes are estimated. It is found that the secondary black hole likely has a high spin. Paper III reports a new outburst of OJ287 in March 2013. The outburst was found to be rather similar to the ones reported in 1993 and 2004. All these outbursts happened just before the main outburst season, and are called precursor outbursts. In this paper, a mechanism was proposed for the precursor outbursts, where the secondary black hole collides with a gas cloud in the primary accretion disc corona. From this, estimates of brightness and timescales for the precursor were derived, as well as a prediction of the timing of the next precursor outburst. In Paper IV, observations from the 20042006 OJ287 observing program are used to investigate the existence of short periodicities in OJ287. The existence of a _50 day quasiperiodic component is confirmed. In addition, statistically significant 250 day and 3.5 day periods are found. Primary black hole accretion of a spiral density wave in the accretion disc is proposed as the source of the 50 day period, with numerical simulations supporting these results. Lorentz contracted jet re-emission is then proposed as the reason for the 3.5 day timescale. Paper V fits optical observations and mm and cm radio observations of OJ287 with a helical jet model. The jet is found to have a spinesheath structure, with the sheath having a much lower Lorentz gamma factor than the spine. The sheath opening angle and Lorentz factor, as well as the helical wavelength of the jet are reported for the first time. Tiivistelm Tss vitskirjatutkimuksessa on keskitytty tutkimaan aktiivista galaksiydint OJ287. Vitskirjan osana olevat tieteelliset julkaisut esittelevt OJ287-systeemist saatuja uusia tuloksia kaksoismusta-aukkomallin kontekstissa. Vitskirjan johdannossa ksitelln OJ287:n yleisi ominaisuuksia ja niit fysikaalisia perusilmiit, jotka niden ominaisuuksien taustalla vaikuttavat. Johdanto selvitt mys OJ287-jrjestelmn sijoittumisen aktiivisten galaksiytimien hierarkiassa. Johdannossa kydn lpi joitakin perusfysiikan tuloksia, jotka ovat tarpeen aktiivisten galaksiydinten, mustien aukkojen binrien, relativististen suihkujen ja kertymkiekkojen ymmrtmiseksi. Kahden toisiaan kiertvn mustan aukon keskinisen radan suhteellisuusteoreettiset perusteet kydn lpi yksityiskohtaisemmin. Johdannossa esitetn joitakin analyyttisi tuloksia tllaisessa binriss havaittavista suhteellisuusteoreettisista ilmiist. Mys numeerisia menetelmi niden ilmiiden tarkempaan laskemiseen esitelln. Tuloksia sovelletaan OJ287-systeemiin, ja verrataan havaintoihin. OJ287:n mustien aukkojen ratamalli muodostaa pohjan systeemin toistuvien optisten purkausten malleille. Johdannossa esitelln yksityiskohtaisemmin kaksi fysikaalista purkausmallia, ja vertaillaan niit. Purkausten steilyhydrodynamiikka kydn lpi, ja mys ennusteet purkausten valokyrille johdetaan. Johdannossa esitelln mys Julkaisussa III johdettu prekursoripurkausten malli, ja osoitetaan sen sopivan yhteen OJ287:n binrimallin kanssa. Johdanto esittelee mys relativististen suihkujen fysiikkaa sek OJ287- systeemiin liittyen ett aktiivisten galaksiydinten kontekstissa yleisesti. Relativististen suihkujen perusfysiikka esitelln, kuten mys malleja kierteisist suihkuista. Julkaisujen II, IV ja V OJ287-systeemin suihkuja koskevat tulokset esitelln binrimallin kontekstissa. Kokonaisuutena johdanto palvelee suppeana oppaana, joka esittelee tarvittavan fysiikan ja tarpeelliset numeeriset menetelmt mustien aukkojen binrijrjestelmn ymmrtmiseen ja simulointiin. Tt tarkoitusta varten johdanto yhdist sek perustuloksia ett joitakin syvllisempi tuloksia laajoilta fysiikan osa-alueilta kuten suhteellisuusteoriasta ja steilyhydrodynamiikasta. Johdannon sisltmn materiaalin avulla vitskirjan julkaisut, ja niiden esittmt tulokset, ovat hyvin ymmrrettviss. Vitskirjan julkaisuista ensimminen esittelee uusia OJ287-systeemist saatuja havaintopisteit, jotka on paikallistettu Harvardin yliopiston observatorion arkiston valokuvauslevyilt. OJ287:n vuonna 1900 tapahtunut purkaus nhdn ensimmist kertaa niss havaintopisteiss. Uudet havaintopisteet mahdollistivat mys vuoden 1913 purkauksen alun ajoittamisen tarkemmin kuin aiemmin oli mahdollista. Havaitut purkaukset mallinnettiin onnistuneesti simuloimalla OJ287-jrjestelmn mustien aukkojen paria ja kertymkiekkoa. Julkaisussa II ksitelln mekanismeja OJ287:n sekundrisen mustan aukon spinin kasvamiseen vuorovaikutuksessa primrin kertymkiekon ja systeemin magneettikenttien kanssa. Julkaisussa arvioidaan maksimispinin saavuttamisen ja spinin suunnan vakiintumisen aikaskaalat kummallakin mekanismilla. Tutkimuksessa havaitaan sekundrin spinin olevan todennkisesti suuri. Julkaisu III esittelee OJ287-systeemiss maaliskuussa 2013 tapahtuneen purkauksen. Purkauksen havaittiin muistuttavan vuosina 1993 ja 2004 tapahtuneita purkauksia, joita kutsutaan yhteisnimityksell prekursoripurkaus (precursor outburst). Julkaisussa esitelln purkauksen synnylle mekanismi, jossa OJ287-systeemin sekundrinen musta aukko osuu primrisen mustan aukon kertymkiekon koronassa olevaan kaasupilveen. Mekanismin avulla johdetaan arviot prekursoripurkausten kirkkaudelle ja aikaskaalalle. Julkaisussa johdetaan mys ennuste seuraavan prekursoripurkauksen ajankohdalle. Julkaisussa IV kytetn vuosina 20042006 kerttyj havaintoja OJ287- systeemist lyhyiden jaksollisuuksien etsintn. Julkaisussa varmennetaan systeemiss esiintyv n. 50 pivn kvasiperiodisuus. Lisksi tilastollisesti merkittvt 250 pivn ja 3,5 pivn jaksollisuudet havaitaan. Julkaisussa esitetn malli, jossa primrisen mustan aukon kertymkiekossa oleva spiraalitiheysaalto aiheuttaa 50 pivn jaksollisuuden. Mallista tehty numeerinen simulaatio tukee tulosta. Systeemin relativistisen suihkun emittoima aikadilatoitunut steily esitetn aiheuttajaksi 3,5 pivn jaksollisuusaikaskaalalle. Julkaisussa V sovitetaan kierresuihkumalli OJ287-systeemist tehtyihin optisiin havaintoihin ja millimetri- sek senttimetriaallonpituuden radiohavaintoihin. Suihkun rakenteen havaitaan olevan kaksijakoinen ja koostuvan ytimest ja kuoresta. Suihkun kuorella on merkittvsti pienempi Lorentzin gamma-tekij kuin suihkun ytimell. Kuoren avautumiskulma ja Lorentztekij sek suihkun kierteen aallonpituus raportoidaan julkaisussa ensimmist kertaa.
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Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have become widely used in applications because of high efficiency compared to synchronous machines with exciting winding or to induction motors. This feature of PMSM is achieved through the using the permanent magnets (PM) as the main excitation source. The magnetic properties of the PM have significant influence on all the PMSM characteristics. Recent observations of the PM material properties when used in rotating machines revealed that in all PMSMs the magnets do not necessarily operate in the second quadrant of the demagnetization curve which makes the magnets prone to hysteresis losses. Moreover, still no good analytical approach has not been derived for the magnetic flux density distribution along the PM during the different short circuits faults. The main task of this thesis is to derive simple analytical tool which can predict magnetic flux density distribution along the rotor-surface mounted PM in two cases: during normal operating mode and in the worst moment of time from the PMs point of view of the three phase symmetrical short circuit. The surface mounted PMSMs were selected because of their prevalence and relatively simple construction. The proposed model is based on the combination of two theories: the theory of the magnetic circuit and space vector theory. The comparison of the results in case of the normal operating mode obtained from finite element software with the results calculated with the proposed model shows good accuracy of model in the parts of the PM which are most of all prone to hysteresis losses. The comparison of the results for three phase symmetrical short circuit revealed significant inaccuracy of the proposed model compared with results from finite element software. The analysis of the inaccuracy reasons was provided. The impact on the model of the Carter factor theory and assumption that air have permeability of the PM were analyzed. The propositions for the further model development are presented.
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Tutkimusongelmana oli tiedon lisminen teollisuusvaihteiden kunnossapitopal-veluiden asiakasarvon muodostumiseen liittyen. Tyn tavoitteena oli arviointi-mallin rakentaminen asiakasarvon osatekijiden selvittmiseksi sek niiden tr-keysjrjestykseen saamiseksi. Tutkimusongelmaa lhestyttiin kolmesta teo-riankkulmasta: (1) Arvo-ksitteen ja arvoon lheisesti kytkksiss olevista suorituskyvyn osatekijiden mrittelyst, (2) kunnossapidon merkityksest ja roolista yrityksen liiketoiminnassa ja (3) asiakas-toimittaja suhteen merkityk-sest asiakasarvon muodostumisessa. Teoriankkulmien pohjalta muodostettiin teollisuusvaihteiden kunnossapidon viitekehykseen sopiva arvohierarkia, jonka osatekijiden, arvoelementtien, yhteisvaikutuksesta kunnossapitopalvelun asia-kasarvo syntyy. Tyn empiriaosuudessa mallia testattiin kytnnss. Hierarkian arvoelementtien trkeysjrjestyksen ja kaikille asiakkaille yhteisten arvoelementtien lytmiseksi kytettiin Analyyttisen hierarkiaprosessin (AHP) menetelm osana asiakasryh-mhaastatteluita. Haastattelut toteutettiin tsmryhmhaastatteluina ja haastatel-tavat ryhmt koostuivat haastatteluihin valittujen asiakkaiden kunnossapidon vastuuhenkilist. Tutkimustuloksina havaittiin, ett asiakaskohtaiset arvoelementit ja niiden trke-ysjrjestys saadaan mallin avulla esiin, mutta asiakaskohtaiset erot arvon muo-dostumisessa ovat suuria. Asiakasarvoon vaikuttavien taustatekijiden, ainakin yhteistysuhteen tason ja vaihdannan kohteena olevien palveluiden tason, havait-tiin selittvn osaltaan eroja asiakkaiden vlill. Lisksi teollisen kunnossapidon toimintaympristn dynaaminen luonne, jossa eri osatekijiden keskiniset riip-puvuussuhteet muuttuvat koko ajan, olisi kyettv huomioimaan mys asia-kasarvon muodostumisen arvioinnissa.
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Phenomena in cyber domain, especially threats to security and privacy, have proven an increasingly heated topic addressed by different writers and scholars at an increasing pace both nationally and internationally. However little public research has been done on the subject of cyber intelligence. The main research question of the thesis was: To what extent is the applicability of cyber intelligence acquisition methods circumstantial? The study was conducted in sequential a manner, starting with defining the concept of intelligence in cyber domain and identifying its key attributes, followed by identifying the range of intelligence methods in cyber domain, criteria influencing their applicability, and types of operatives utilizing cyber intelligence. The methods and criteria were refined into a hierarchical model. The existing conceptions of cyber intelligence were mapped through an extensive literature study on a wide variety of sources. The established understanding was further developed through 15 semi-structured interviews with experts of different backgrounds, whose wide range of points of view proved to substantially enhance the perspective on the subject. Four of the interviewed experts participated in a relatively extensive survey based on the constructed hierarchical model on cyber intelligence that was formulated in to an AHP hierarchy and executed in the Expert Choice Comparion online application. It was concluded that Intelligence in cyber domain is an endorsing, cross-cutting intelligence discipline that adds value to all aspects of conventional intelligence and furthermore that it bears a substantial amount of characteristic traits both advantageous and disadvantageous and furthermore that the applicability of cyber intelligence methods is partly circumstantially limited.
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LiDAR is an advanced remote sensing technology with many applications, including forest inventory. The most common type is ALS (airborne laser scanning). The method is successfully utilized in many developed markets, where it is replacing traditional forest inventory methods. However, it is innovative for Russian market, where traditional field inventory dominates. ArboLiDAR is a forest inventory solution that engages LiDAR, color infrared imagery, GPS ground control plots and field sample plots, developed by Arbonaut Ltd. This study is an industrial market research for LiDAR technology in Russia focused on customer needs. Russian forestry market is very attractive, because of large growing stock volumes. It underwent drastic changes in 2006, but it is still in transitional stage. There are several types of forest inventory, both with public and private funding. Private forestry enterprises basically need forest inventory in two cases while making coupe demarcation before timber harvesting and as a part of forest management planning, that is supposed to be done every ten years on the whole leased territory. The study covered 14 companies in total that include private forestry companies with timber harvesting activities, private forest inventory providers, state subordinate companies and forestry software developer. The research strategy is multiple case studies with semi-structured interviews as the main data collection technique. The study focuses on North-West Russia, as it is the most developed Russian region in forestry. The research applies the Voice of the Customer (VOC) concept to elicit customer needs of Russian forestry actors and discovers how these needs are met. It studies forest inventory methods currently applied in Russia and proposes the model of method comparison, based on Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, mainly on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Required product attributes are classified in accordance with Kano model. The answer about suitability of LiDAR technology is ambiguous, since many details should be taken into account.
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Nykypivn monimutkaisessa ja epvakaassa liiketoimintaympristss yritykset, jotka kykenevt muuttamaan tuottamansa operatiivisen datan tietovarastoiksi, voivat saavuttaa merkittv kilpailuetua. Ennustavan analytiikan hydyntminen tulevien trendien ennakointiin mahdollistaa yritysten tunnistavan avaintekijit, joiden avulla he pystyvt erottumaan kilpailijoistaan. Ennustavan analytiikan hydyntminen osana ptksentekoprosessia mahdollistaa kettermmn, reaaliaikaisen ptksenteon. Tmn diplomityn tarkoituksena on koota teoreettinen viitekehys analytiikan mallintamisesta liike-elmn loppukyttjn nkkulmasta ja hydynt tt mallinnusprosessia diplomityn tapaustutkimuksen yritykseen. Teoreettista mallia hydynnettiin asiakkuuksien mallintamisessa sek tunnistamalla ennakoivia tekijit myynnin ennustamiseen. Ty suoritettiin suomalaiseen teollisten suodattimien tukkukauppaan, jolla on liiketoimintaa Suomessa, Venjll ja Balteissa. Tm tutkimus on mrllinen tapaustutkimus, jossa trkeimpn tiedonkeruumenetelmn kytettiin tapausyrityksen transaktiodataa. Data tyhn saatiin yrityksen toiminnanohjausjrjestelmst.
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Subshifts are sets of congurations over an innite grid dened by a set of forbidden patterns. In this thesis, we study two-dimensional subshifts ofnite type (2D SFTs), where the underlying grid is Z2 and the set of for-bidden patterns is nite. We are mainly interested in the interplay between the computational power of 2D SFTs and their geometry, examined through the concept of expansive subdynamics. 2D SFTs with expansive directions form an interesting and natural class of subshifts that lie between dimensions 1 and 2. An SFT that has only one non-expansive direction is called extremely expansive. We prove that in many aspects, extremely expansive 2D SFTs display the totality of behaviours of general 2D SFTs. For example, we construct an aperiodic extremely expansive 2D SFT and we prove that the emptiness problem is undecidable even when restricted to the class of extremely expansive 2D SFTs. We also prove that every Medvedev class contains an extremely expansive 2D SFT and we provide a characterization of the sets of directions that can be the set of non-expansive directions of a 2D SFT. Finally, we prove that for every computable sequence of 2D SFTs with an expansive direction, there exists a universal object that simulates all of the elements of the sequence. We use the so called hierarchical, self-simulating or xed-point method for constructing 2D SFTs which has been previously used by Gacs, Durand, Romashchenko and Shen.
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The magnitude of the cervical cancer problem, coupled with the potential for prevention with recent technological advances, made it imperative to step back and reassess strategic options for dealing with cervical cancer screening in Kenya. The purpose of this qualitative study was: 1) to explore the extent to which the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology and the Scenario Based Planning (SBP) method, with the application of analytics, could enable strategic, consequential, informed decision making, and 2) to determine how influential Kenyan decision makers could apply SBP with analytic tools and techniques to make strategic, consequential decisions regarding the implementation of a Cervical Self Sampling Program (CSSP) in both urban and rural settings. The theoretical paradigm for this study was action research; it was experiential, practical, and action oriented, and resulted in co-created knowledge that influenced study participants decision making. Action Africa Help International (AAHI) and Brock University collaborated with Local Decision Influencing Participants (LDIPs) to develop innovative strategies on how to implement the CSSP. SBP tools, along with traditional approaches to data collection and analysis, were applied to collect, visualize and analyze predominately qualitative data. Outputs from the study included: a) a generic implementation scenario for a CSSP (along with scenarios unique to urban and rural settings), and b) 10 strategic directions and 22 supporting implementation strategies that address the variables of: 1) technical viability, 2) political support, 3) affordability, 4) logistical feasibility, 5) social acceptability, and 6) transformation/sustainability. In addition, study participants capacity to effectively engage in predictive/prescriptive strategic decision making was strengthened.
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UANL
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La thse prsente une description gomtrique dun germe de famille gnrique dployant un champ de vecteurs rel analytique avec un foyer faible lorigine et son complexifi : le feuilletage holomorphe singulier associ. On montre que deux germes de telles familles sont orbitalement analytiquement quivalents si et seulement si les germes de familles de diffomorphismes dployant la complexification de leurs fonctions de retour de Poincar sont conjugues par une conjugaison analytique relle. Le caractre rel de la famille correspond sa Z2-quivariance dans R^4, et cela sexprime comme linvariance du plan rel sous le flot du systme laquelle, son tour, entrane que lexpansion asymptotique de la fonction de Poincar est relle quand le paramtre est rel. Le pullback du plan rel aprs clatement par la projection monoidal standard intersecte le feuilletage en une bande de Mbius relle. La technique dclatement des singularits permet aussi de donner une rponse la question de la ralisation dun germe de famille dployant un germe de diffomorphisme avec un point fixe de multiplicateur gal 1 et de codimension un comme application de semi-monodromie dune famille gnrique dployant un foyer faible dordre un. Afin dtudier lespace des orbites de lapplication de Poincar, nous utilisons le point de vue de Glutsyuk, puisque la dynamique est linarisable auprs des points singuliers : pour les valeurs rels du paramtre, notre dmarche, classique, utilise une mthode gomtrique, soit un changement de coordone (coordone droulante) dans lequel la dynamique devient beaucoup plus simple. Mais le prix payer est que la gomtrie locale du plan complexe ambiante devient une surface de Riemann, sur laquelle deux notions de translation sont dfinies. Aprs avoir pris le quotient par le relvement de la dynamique nous obtenons lespace des orbites, ce qui savre tre lunion de trois tores complexes plus les points singuliers (lespace rsultant est non-Hausdorff). Les translations, le caractre rel de lapplication de Poincar et le fait que cette application est un carr relient les diffrentes composantes du module de Glutsyuk. Cette proprit implique donc le fait quune seule composante de linvariant Glutsyuk est indpendante.
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La traite et lesclavage ngriers transatlantique nont jamais t tudis dun point de vue criminologique. En fait, part lhistoire, peu de disciplines des sciences sociales et humaines se sont intresses aux vnements qui constituent la traite et lesclavage ngriers transatlantique. Toutefois, de rcentes recherches commencent se pencher sur les squelles rsultant des multiples victimisations (agressions physiques et psychologiques) subies par les Noirs durant la traite et lesclavage ngriers transatlantique. Nous postulons que la criminologie peut galement contribuer une meilleure comprhension de ces vnements. Ainsi, cette tude vise sonder les perceptions des Afro-descendants sur les victimisations et les consquences de la traite et de lesclavage ngriers transatlantique. Lanalyse des entretiens raliss dmontrent clairement que la traite et lesclavage ngriers transatlantique nappartiennent pas seulement au pass. Au contraire, la traite et lesclavage ngriers transatlantique restent prsents dans les esprits et les curs. Ils sont surtout perus comme une source de victimisations actuelles touchant la communaut africaine et antillaise tels que la faible confiance en soi, la faible estime de soi, la hirarchie de la couleur, le racisme interneAussi, tous les rpondants plaident pour au moins une forme de rparation (pcuniaire et montaire, thique ou politique, historique, ducative, psychologique, diplomatique) des consquences de la traite et lesclavage ngriers transatlantique. Les entrevues mettent galement en vidence une division dans les reprsentations bases sur la version (fonctionnaliste ou intentionnaliste) de cette histoire, ainsi que des diffrences de reprsentations selon le groupe ethnique dappartenance (Africain ou Antillais).
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La thse est compose dun chapitre de prliminaires et de deux articles sur le sujet du dploiement de singularits dquations diffrentielles ordinaires analytiques dans le plan complexe. Larticle Analytic classification of families of linear differential systems unfolding a resonant irregular singularity traite le problme de lquivalence analytique de familles paramtriques de systmes linaires en dimension 2 qui dploient une singularit rsonante gnrique de rang de Poincar 1 dont la matrice principale est compose dun seul bloc de Jordan. La question: quand deux telles familles sontelles quivalentes au moyen dun changement analytique de coordonnes au voisinage dune singularit? est compltement rsolue et lespace des modules des classes dquivalence analytiques est dcrit en termes dun ensemble dinvariants formels et dun invariant analytique, obtenu partir de la trace de la monodromie. Des dploiements universels sont donns pour toutes ces singularits. Dans larticle Confluence of singularities of non-linear differential equations via BorelLaplace transformations on cherche des solutions bornes de systmes paramtriques des quations non-linaires de la varit centre de dimension 1 dune singularit col-noeud dploye dans une famille de champs vectoriels complexes. En gnral, un systme dDO analytiques avec une singularit double possde une unique solution formelle divergente au voisinage de la singularit, laquelle on peut associer des vraies solutions sur certains secteurs dans le plan complexe en utilisant les transformations de BorelLaplace. Larticle montre comment gnraliser cette mthode et dployer les solutions sectorielles. On construit des solutions de systmes paramtriques, avec deux singularits rgulires dployant une singularit irrgulire double, qui sont bornes sur des domaines spirals attachs aux deux points singuliers, et qui, la limite, convergent vers une paire de solutions sectorielles couvrant un voisinage de la singularit confluente. La mthode apporte une description unifie pour toutes les valeurs du paramtre.