Developing Porphyra/salmon integrated aquaculture for bioremediation and diversification of the aquaculture industry

FUNCTIONAL-FORM GROUPS; RED ALGAE; ATLANTIC SALMON; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; RHODOPHYTA; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS; KJELLMAN

A preliminary genetic map of Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston 1904)

Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston 1904) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. The development of a genetic linkage map would provide a powerful tool for the genetic improvement of this species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a PCR-based technique that has proven to be powerful in genome fingerprinting and mapping, and population analysis. Genetic maps of C. farreri were constructed using AFLP markers and a full-sib family with 60 progeny. A total of 503 segregating AFLP markers were obtained, with 472 following the Mendelian segregation ratio of 1:1 and 31 markers showing significant (P< 0.05) segregation distortion. The male map contained 166 informative AFLP markers in 23 linkage groups covering 2468 cM. The average distance between markers was 14.9 cM. The female genetic map consisted of 198 markers in 25 linkage groups spanning 3130 cM with an average inter-marker spacing of 15.8 cM. DNA polymorphisms that segregated in a 3:1 ratio as well as the AFLP markers that were heterozygous in both parents were included to construct combined linkage genetic map. Five shared linkage groups, ranging from 61.1 to 162.5 cM, were identified between the male and female maps, covering 431 cM. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers appeared to be evenly distributed within the linkage groups. Although preliminary, these maps provide a starting point for the mapping of the functional genes and quantitative trait loci in C. farreri.

Review of genetic engineering of Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) in China

Progress has been made in establishing a genetic transformation model for Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyta, Laminariales). The model includes introduction of foreign genes by biolistic bombardment, use of promoter SV40 to drive gene expression, algal regeneration by parthenogenesis and selection by chloramphenicol or hygromycin.

Study of Radiolaria in the surface sediments from the area east of Taiwan Island

The species and characteristics of Radiolaria in the surface sediments were systematcally investigated in the sea east of Taiwan Island. One hundred and seventy-eight species of Radiolaria (including 21 unidentified species) have been identified in the surface sediments, and they belong to 2 orders, 34 families and 101 genera. Among them there are 19 families, 70 genera, 134 species of Spumellaria and 15 families, 31 genera, 44 species of Nassellaria. Of the 178 species of Radiolaria, the individual number of Spumellaria amounts to 88.1% of the total individual number, and that of Nassellaria amounts to 11.9% of the total individual number. It is shown that most of the dominant species belong to the tropical and subtropical dominant species and are brought into the area mainly by the Kuroshio, and some affecting factors including the submarine topography, submarine sediments, upwelling current east of Taiwan Island and carbonate dissolution play a secondary role in forming the Radiolaria distributions.

北黄海细颗粒物质的沉积特征与输运过程

本文通过在北黄海西部海区进行的海洋地质与地球物理调查，获得了大量沉积物样品和实测数据。根据对沉积物样品的粒度、地球化学和粘土矿物分析，~(210)Pb沉积速率测定及ADCP数据处理，探讨了北黄海细颗粒沉积物的沉积特征和输运过程，并分析评价了激光粒度仪测试结果，探讨了ADCP测量悬沙浓度的可行性。激光粒度仪具有良好的测量精度，其测量误差主要原因取决于测试样品的制备。与传统粒度分析方法（沉降法和筛析法）相比，激光粒度仪（Cilas 940L 型）测定的沉积物平均粒径偏粗，分选偏差。测定的粘土组分含量约为沉降法的60%，其原因在于不同测试方法的原理和沉积物颗粒不规则的形状。因而，在分析、比较粒度数据时要保持在同一测量系统之内。本区的细颗粒沉积物主要分布于北黄海中部和山东半岛沿岸、大连湾附近，粗颗粒沉积物则主要分布于庙岛群岛以东和大连湾东南侧海区。沉积物平均粒径、分选系数、偏态系数等粒度参数的分布有一定的对应性。除庙岛群岛东侧的砂质沉积分选较好之外，其它海区的沉积物总体特征是，粒径越粗，分选越差，偏态更正偏；而粒径越细，分选越好，偏态系数也较低。粒度趋势显示山东半岛北侧的沉积物具有向东和向东北的输运趋势，同时整个区域显示出向北黄海中部汇聚的趋势。研究还表明粒度趋势分析方法在大范围的陆架区域具有较好的适用性。在操作中，使用规则的正方形网格可以较全面地判断、合成趋势矢量，进行高密度的采样有助于揭示沉积物净输运趋势的细节特征。应注意的是，粒度趋势矢量只代表沉积物净输运方向，而不能反映输运率的大小。北黄海中部泥质沉积结构均匀，粒度变化在垂向上很小。泥质深积的厚度自南向北逐渐减薄，整个泥区的面积约6250Km~2，沉积速度1-2mm/yr，沉积通量为6-10*106t/yr。粘土矿物和地球化学特征表明中部泥质沉积为多源沉积，浅地层剖面和北黄海物质供应量的分析表明黄河物质是其主要物源。根据理论分析和现场标定，ADCP具有测量悬沙浓度的潜力；通过对实测数据的分析，提出了深度标定方法，其测量悬沙浓度的精度可以满足沉积动力学研究的需要。4个定点观测站的余流和悬沙通量的净输运方向为近东向，显示悬沙由渤海输入北黄海。输运机制分析表明悬沙运动以平流输运和垂向环流输运为主。

青藏公路与铁路沿途1981年～2001年植被覆盖变化

在青藏公路与铁路沿途区域,利用1981年至2001年的8km分辨率PathfinderNOAA/NDVI数据,基于每个象元变化的年植被峰值计算进行了像元水平的线性趋势分析,并运用地理信息系统(GIS)软件研究了区域植被覆盖的空间分布和动态变化特征.主要结论:①在研究区内,反映植被覆盖的NDVI值在空间上呈现出两端高中间低的态势,依次是农作区和森林区＞高寒草甸＞高寒草原＞荒漠草原;②20年间,研究区植被覆盖程度变化总体趋于稳定,覆盖程度呈减少趋势的区域明显高于增加的区域,植被覆盖程度增减因区域而异;植被覆盖程度增加和显著减少地区主要分布在农作区和高寒草甸区,轻微减少地区主要分布在高寒草原和荒漠草原区;③植被覆盖变化程度在拉萨河谷地、湟水谷地和黄河流域等人类活动比较频繁的区域增减趋势比较明显;而在可可西里地区等人类活动比较少的区域变化轻微.

鹅观草属部分种的叶表皮微形态特征及其分类学意义

在过去叶表皮实验的基础上,本文从鹅观草属不同组、系中新增解剖了16 个有代表性的种。根据这些种叶片反映的表皮微形态特征,进一步证实了鹅观草属共族分属以及属下类群划分的正确性,揭示了属中各主要类群的演化水平和系统发育关系。研究结果最后表明:鹅观草属的半颖组最原始,在系统发育中它可能既派生了较进化的小颖组和大颖组,又派生了最进化的长颖组;在大颖组中,齿草系较原始,纤毛草系较进化,宽叶草系最进化,纤毛草系和宽叶草系可能相继起生于齿草系。并且,鹅观草属的这种进化关系同过去细胞学和形态学提供的证据是基本一致的。

可见光响应光催化剂K4Ce2Ta10O30、K4Ce2Nb10O30及其固溶体的电子结构

基于密度泛函理论（DFT），采用平面波赝势（PWP）DA及广义梯度近似（GGA）方法，对可见光响应的光催化剂K4Ce2Ta10O30、K4Ce2Nb10O30及其固溶体进行电子结构的第一性原理计算．结果表明，光催化剂K4Ce2Ta10O30和K4Ce2Nb10O30的导带分别主要由Ta5d和Nb4d组成，处于高能级的电子未占据态的Ce饷其有很明显的重迭，但由于其高度局域特性，不能很好地参与光生电子在导带中的传导，从而对光催化活性的贡献很小；而其价带则由O2p与Ta5d（Nb4d）的杂化轨道组成，同时电子占据态的Ce4f对价带也有一定的贡献，各个电子轨道对能带结构的贡献决定了该系列可见光响应光催化剂的物理化学和光催化特性．固溶体系列中随着Nb含量的增加，其吸收光谱依次红移，带隙变窄，导带底变低，光生电子的还原能力降低．在同溶体K4Ce2Ta10-xNbxO30（x=2，5，8）中，由于Ce4f仇道对价带顶的贡献相对较小，固溶体的价带顶低于K4Ce2Ta10O30、K4Ce2Nb10O30的价带顶，光生空穴的氧化能力相对较强．该系列光催化剂的电子结构分析结果与光催化水分解的活性实验结果有很好的一致性.

中药道地性相关因素研究进展与生物地球化学

中药材质量是中药现代化最关键因素，而中药道地性研究又是中药材质量研究的关键之一。该文对近年来有关中药道地性的研究从微量元素、活性成分及生物因子等方面进展作了综述，介绍了生物地球化学原理及其在中药道地性方面已开展的相关研究工作。并对应用生物地球化学的理论和技术进行中药道地性系统研究的重要性及其主要研究内容进行了探讨.

会泽超大型铅锌矿床成矿时代研究

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床由麒麟厂和矿山厂两个独立的铅锌矿床组成。利用两组同源矿物组合Rb-Sr等时线方法测定了麒麟厂6号矿体的成矿时代，测定结果分别为(225．1±2．9)Ma和(225．9±3．1)Ma，根据已知的分布于该矿床北部和西南部分布的峨眉山玄武岩成岩时代为250Ma左右，有多个火山喷发旋回，显示多期次的喷发活动，认为川-滇-黔成矿区内铅锌成矿作用与蛾眉山玄武岩岩浆活动存在成因联系。

Protein A tangential flow affinity membrane cartridge for extracorporeal immunoadsorption therapy

Tangential flow affinity membrane cartridge (TFAMC) fs a new model of immunoadsorption therapy for hemoperfusion. Recombinant Protein A was immobilized on the membrane cartridge through Schiff base formation for extracorporeal IgG and immune complex removal from blood. Flow characteristics, immunoadsorption capacity and biocompatibility of protein A TFAMC were studied. The results showed that the pressure drop increased with the increasing flow rate of water, plasma and blood, demonstrating reliable strength of membrane at high now rare. The adsorption capacities of protein A TFAMC for IgG from human plasma and blood were measured. The cartridge with 139 mg protein A immobilized on the matrix (6 mg protein A/g dry matrix) adsorbed 553 mg IgG (23.8 mg IgG/g dry matrix) from human plasma and 499.4 mg IgG (21.5 mg IgG/g dry matrix) from human blood, respectively. The circulation time had a major influence on IgG adsorption capacity, but the flow rate had little influence. Experiments in vitro and in vivo confirmed that protein A TFAMC mainly adsorbed Ige and Little of other plasma proteins, and that blood cell damage was negligible. The extracorporeal circulation system is safe and reliable. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Structure of Mathematical Knowledge

This report develops a conceptual framework in which to talk about mathematical knowledge. There are several broad categories of mathematical knowledge: results which contain the traditional logical aspects of mathematics; examples which contain illustrative material; and concepts which include formal and informal ideas, that is, definitions and heuristics.