Correlation between the characteristics and catalytic performance of Ni-V-O catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

Ni - V - O series catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane were prepared and characterized by BET, XRD, H-2- TPR, O-2-TPD-MS and electrical conductivity. At 425 degreesC a C3H6 selectivity of 49.9% was observed on Ni0.9V0.1OY at a C3H8 conversion of 19.4%, and the obtained selectivity is almost two times higher than that over NiO at the roughly same conversion of C3H8. The mobile oxygen species created by the interaction of NiO and V2O5 has been found in the composite catalysts by O-2-TPD-MS and electrical conductivity studies, which seems to be responsible for the enhanced selectivity of the propane oxidative dehydrogenation.

光合细菌及其在化工有机废水处理方面的应用

光合细菌作为一类古老的细菌类群 ,已经在众多领域得到应用。利用光合细菌处理有机废水具有处理有机负荷高、占地面积小、便于管理、能耗低、投资费用少、菌体可以回收利用等优点 ,已经引起人们的重视。对光合细菌在处理化工有机废水方面的研究和应用进行了综述 ,指出光合细菌处理法的优缺点和发展趋势 ,认为光合细菌在有机废水处理方面的应用前景广阔

类羧酸对棕壤中与氮素转化有关的生物活性的影响

类羧酸是一种带有羧基的化工副产品,其主要成分是二羧酸和三羧酸。具有较强的络合能力,可以用做螯合剂。文章通过室内培养实验,研究了类羧酸对棕壤中与氮素转化有关的生物活性的影响。结果表明类羧酸能显著抑制土壤脲酶活性,有效减少尿素水解产物氨的挥发损失;能促进土壤中含氮有机物的分解,并能抑制土壤中氨态氮向硝态氮的转化。另外施用类羧酸还能改善土壤中氮素的有效性,提高土壤的供氮能力。

不同省区内部煤炭产业流动及资源环境效应

在梳理我国煤炭产业利用途径的基础上,选取山西、山东、辽宁3省,再现了各省煤炭产业流动过程,并运用物质流分析对资源流动进行了核算,最后从资源自给率、耗煤产业结构、环境影响等方面分析了煤炭流动的资源环境效应。结论有:①不同省区资源/产品自给率不同,随着由资源→初级产品→再加工产品的煤炭产业流动的逐步深入,各省煤炭资源/产品的自给率都不同程度地提高。②煤炭资源产业流动可以优化煤炭产业结构。辽宁资源/产品中间消费比重高于山东、山西,其煤炭产业结构较完善。③各省原煤入洗率低、资源回收率低、产品产率低使得煤炭产业流动

景观植被生态系统水平衡模拟与分析

景观或区域的水平衡状况是全球变化的重要指标。本研究建立了一个空间显式景观过程模型,模拟了长白山自然保护区的水循环过程,并对水分收入、支出和平衡的总体状况、季节动态和空间分布格局进行了分析。整个保护区单位面积上水分盈余0.225±0.255m.a-1,总计盈余4.379×108m3.a-1,但空间变异相当大。阔叶红松林的水分有略微亏缺,其他类型植被生态系统每年均有不同程度的水分盈余。从总面积上看,云冷杉林每年的水分盈余最多(可达1.696×108m3.a-1),占整个保护区的40.56%。整个保护区6月水分

Effects of temperature, glucose and inorganic nitrogen inputs on carbon mineralization in a Tibetan alpine meadow soil

High levels of available nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) have the potential to increase soil N and C mineralization We hypothesized that with an external labile C or N supply alpine meadow soil will have a significantly higher C mineralization potential and that temperature sensitivity of C mineralization will increase To test the hypotheses an incubation experiment was conducted with two doses of N or C supply at temperature of 5 15 and 25 C Results showed external N supply had no significant effect on CO2 emission However external C supply increased CO2 emission Temperature coefficient (Q(10)) ranged from 113 to 1 29 Significantly higher values were measured with C than with N addition and control treatment Temperature dependence of C mineralization was well-represented by exponential functions Under the control CO2 efflux rate was 425 g CO2-Cm-2 year(-1) comparable to the in situ measurement of 422 g CO2-Cm-2 year(-1) We demonstrated if N is disregarded microbial decomposition is primarily limited by lack of labile C It is predicted that labile C supply would further increase CO2 efflux from the alpine meadow soil (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS All rights reserved

Hydrothermal synthesis and thermoelectric transport properties of impurity-free antimony telluride hexagonal nanoplates

Impurity-free single-crystalline antimony telluride hexagonal nanoplates (see figure) are synthesized by a facile and quick hydrothermal treatment without any organic additives or templates. The inherent crystal structure is the driving force for the growth of these Sb2Te3 hexagonal nanoplates. Films of these nanoplates shows p-type behavior, and exhibit a promisingly high Seebeck coefficient of 425 mu V K-1 at room temperature.

Phase transformation and photoluminescence properties of nanocrystalline ZrO2 powders prepared via the Pechini-type sol-gel process

Nanocrystalline ZrO2 fine powders were prepared via the Pechini-type sol-gel process followed by annealing from 500 to 1000 degrees C. The obtained ZrO2 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and photoluminescence spectra (PL), respectively. The phase transition process from tetragonal (T) to monoclinic (M) was observed for the nanocrystalline ZrO2 powders in the annealing process, accompanied by the change of their photoluminescence properties. The 500 degrees C annealed ZrO2, powder with tetragonal structure shows an intense whitish blue emission (lambda(max) = 425 nm) with a wide range of excitation (230-400 nm). This emission decreased in intensity after being annealed at 600 degrees C (T + M-ZrO2) and disappeared at 700 (T + M-ZrO2), 800 (T + M-ZrO2), and 900 degrees C (M-ZrO2). After further annealing at 1000 degrees C (M-ZrO2), a strong blue-green emission appeared again (lambda(max) = 470 nm).

聚乙烯在氧化铝模板中的结晶与取向行为

用多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板制备了直径为200nm的聚乙烯(PE)纳米纤维,并用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、偏光显微镜(PLM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)方法研究了PE在二维圆柱状受限条件下的结晶与取向行为.FTIR研究表明,由于模板的限制作用,PE纳米纤维的结晶度低于本体.同时,PE纳米纤维晶体的b轴平行于模板孔洞的方向取向,而a轴垂直于孔洞的方向取向.XRD结果进一步证明,在纳米孔洞中PE晶体的b轴平行于纳米孔洞方向.PLM结果表明,在结晶过程中,晶体主要是在模板与本体的界面处成核,然后晶体呈发散状向本体和纳米纤维中竞争生长.由于PE晶体的b轴是其生长速率最快的方向,在本体中形成典型的环带球晶形貌;而在二维圆柱受限条件下,只有沿孔洞方向生长的晶体才能增长,而其它生长方向则受到抑制,造成PE晶体的b轴沿孔洞方向优先取向.

Enhanced electrochemical properties of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte based on copolymer with exfoliated clays

In this present work, a polymer electrolyte based on polymer/clay nanocomposite has been developed. Montmorillonite (MMT) clay was used as the filler. due to its special size in length and thickness, and its sandwich type structure. The obtained gel polymer electrolytes have high ionic conductivity up to 2.5 mS cm(-1) with high cationic transference number (about 0.64) at room temperature. The influences of the filler on the membrane morphology. the solvent uptake, the ionic conductivity, and the cation transport number were investigated, and thus the significant contribution from the exfoliated organophilic MMT was identified.

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP during self-nucleation process

In this paper, the isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (iPP) during self-nucleation was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The iPP was melted at 438 K and then isothermally crystallized in the range of temperature between 421 and 425 K. The mechanism of nucleation and growth of iPP was discussed. The Avrami equation was applied to analyzing the process of isothermal crystallization of iPP from the melt. The average value of Avrami exponent is n=3.01, suggesting that the primary crystallization maybe corresponds to three-dimensional spherulitic growth. The K-g value obtained from Lauritzen-Hoffman equation is 1.128 X 10(5) K-2, which suggests that crystallization species should be regime I. The decrease of crystallization active energy and chain folding work indicates that the self-nucleation can greatly promote the overall crystallization of iPP.

Crystallographic and electrochemical properties of ball-milled quasicrystalline Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 alloy with 20 mass% Ni

Icosahedral quasicrystalline Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 alloy powder was ball-milled with 20 mass% Ni, and the effect of the ball-milling time (t) on crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics were investigated. The amounts of icosahedral quasicrystalline and Ni phases decreased when ball-milling time increased from 30 to 180 min. The powder consisted of amorphous and (Ni and Ti) phases after 360 min of ball-milling. The maximum discharge capacity of the powder electrodes first increased from 89 (t = 0 min) to 192 mAh g(-1) (t = 180 min), and then decreased to 138 mAh g(-1) (t = 360 min). The high-rate dischargeability and the discharge capacity after 15 cycles increased with increasing ball-milling time.

Stress transfer and damage evolution simulations of fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites

The stress transfer from broken fibers to unbroken fibers in fiber-reinforced thermosetting polymer-matrix composites and thermoplastic polymer-matrix composites was studied using a detailed finite element model. In order to check the validity of this approach, an epoxy-matrix monolayer composite was used as thermosetting polymer-matrix composite and a polypropylene (PP)-matrix monolayer composite was used as thermoplastic polymer-matrix composite, respectively. It is found that the stress concentrations near the broken fiber element cause damage to the neighboring epoxy matrix prior to the breakage of other fibers, whereas in the case of PP-matrix composites the fibers nearest to the broken fiber break prior to the PP matrix damage, because the PP matrix around the broken fiber element yields. In order to simulate composite damage evolution, a Monte Carlo technique based on a finite element method has been developed in the paper. The finite element code coupled with statistical model of fiber strength specifically written for this problem was used to determine the stress redistribution. Five hundred samples of numerical simulation were carried out to obtain statistical deformation and failure process of composites with fixed fiber volume fraction.

An one-pot epitaxial growth method to synthesize cactus-like ZnO

In this work, we have developed a one-pot, morphology controlled epitaxial growth method to synthesize novel cactus-like ZnO in solution. Utilizing zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine as the precursors, ZnO nanorods synthesized in the first step remained in the solution, without any separation, served directly as the matrix for the epitaxial growth in the second step. Control experiments revealed that a proper mass of precursors added in the second step was crucial to form cactus-like ZnO. The as-synthesized ZnO was single crystalline and possessed three photoluminescence emissions centered at 390, 425 and 490 run. Finally, a possible mechanism for the epitaxial growth ZnO was proposed and discussed.